Abstract: To provide a polycarboxylic acid resin which is obtained by reacting an epoxy resin (a) having two glycidyl groups with, e.g. itaconic acid (b) and ethylenic monocarboxylic acid (c) to obtain linear adduct polymer (A); and by reacting linear adduct polymer (A) with polybasic acid anhydride (d). According to the present invention, there are provided a polycarboxylic acid resin, its composition, and its cured product. The composition can facilely be dried upon preliminary heating and show an improved tack-free property, an excellent photo-curing property, an excellent development property in an aqueous alkali solution, and excellent physical properties such as electrical, mechanical, heat resistance, solvent resistance, adhesiveness, flexibility, etc.

Abstract: To provide a polycarboxylic acid resin which is obtained by reacting an epoxy resin (a) having two glycidyl groups with, e.g. itaconic acid (b) and ethylenic monocarboxylic acid (c) to obtain linear adduct polymer (A); and by reacting linear adduct polymer (A) with polybasic acid anhydride (d). According to the present invention, there are provided a polycarboxylic acid resin, its composition, and its cured product. The composition can facilely be dried upon preliminary heating and show an improved tack-free property, an excellent photo-curing property, an excellent development property in an aqueous alkali solution, and excellent physical properties such as electrical, mechanical, heat resistance, solvent resistance, adhesiveness, flexibility, etc.

Abstract: A composite metallic material 1 according to the invention is used for, e.g., electrolytic capacitors, and includes a metallic material substrate 10 and a high polymer thin layer 11 having a fine pattern 12 formed on at least one surface of the substrate 10 by self-organization. This high polymer thin film 11 is formed by, for example, drying hydrophobic organic solvent solution of high polymer compound. By subjecting this composite metallic material 1 to etching processing, etching pits are formed uniformly with high density based on the fine pattern.

Abstract: A composite metallic material 1 according to the invention is used for, e.g., electrolytic capacitors, and includes a metallic material substrate 10 and a high polymer thin layer 11 having a fine pattern 12 formed on at least one surface of the substrate 10 by self-organization. This high polymer thin film 11 is formed by, for example, drying hydrophobic organic solvent solution of high polymer compound. By subjecting this composite metallic material 1 to etching processing, etching pits are formed uniformly with high density based on the fine pattern.

Abstract: What is disclosed a decolorizable toner of which main components are a visible ray-near infrared ray-absorbing dye, a decolorizing agent and a resin binder, characterized in that a resin binder A containing the visible ray-near infrared ray-absorbing dye is dispersed in a resin binder B and that the decolorizing agent is blended with at least one of the resin binder A and the resin binder B, and a process for preparing the same. The visible ray-near infrared ray-decolorizable toner of the present invention can be speedily decolorized by irradiating with visible rays to near infrared rays. Also, according to the process of the present invention, it is easy to adjust its electrically charged amount by a material having electrification property, and there is obtained a visible ray-near infrared ray-decolorizable toner which is hardly faded during the kneading in the production of the toner.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a decolorizable toner wherein a cationic dye having absorbance from the visible region to the near infrared region is contained in a binder resin together with a decolorant and anti-discoloration agent. In addition, the present invention also discloses a production process of a decolorizable toner that contains a step wherein cationic dye having absorbance from the visible region to the near infrared region, decolorant, binder resin and anti-discoloration agent are uniformly dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent to prepare a mixed solution; a step wherein the solvent is removed from this mixed solution followed by drying; and, a step wherein the resulting dried mixture is pulverized to produce a toner.

Abstract: A sheet of paper, plastic or the like on which an image has been formed using a toner that is photochemically decolorizable by absorption of near infrared rays is illuminated with near infrared rays under the state wherein the image is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the glass-transition temperature of a binding resin of the toner. The color of the toner can thereby be easily and rapidly eliminated. This enables the reuse of the sheet to be realized easily and at a low cost.

Abstract: A decolorizable toner including a resin binder, a near infrared ray-absorbing dye, a decolorizing agent and a light fastness stabilizer, and a process for preparing the decolorizable toner, which includes the steps of mixing the near infrared ray-absorbing dye and the light fastness stabilizer with the resin binder, and then mixing the decolorizing agent therewith. The decolorizable toner has excellent light stability during its production or storage and excellent decolorizing property.

Abstract: A liquid absorption agent for water or organic solvents comprising, as a main component, a crosslinked N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide resin comprising the backbone chain of a homopolymer or copolymer comprising repeating units of the formula shown below crosslinked with a crosslinking agent: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or methyl;X represents a group --COOY, wherein Y represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, or lower alkyl substituted with hydroxyl, dialkylamino or quaternary ammonium group; a group --CONHZ, wherein Z represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl substituted with a dialkylamino group, quaternary ammonium group, sulfonic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof; cyano, 2-ketopyrrolidinyl, lower alkoxy, lower acyl, lower acyloxy or lower alkyl substituted with sulfonic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof, with a proviso that when R.sup.

Abstract: A sheet of paper, plastic or the like on which an image has been formed using a toner that is photochemically decolorizable by absorption of near infrared rays is illuminated with near infrared rays under the state wherein the image is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the glass-transition temperature of a binding resin of the toner. The color of the toner can thereby be easily and rapidly eliminated. This enables the reuse of the sheet to be realized easily and at a low cost.

Abstract: A decolorizable toner including a resin binder, a near infrared ray-absorbing dye, a decolorizing agent and a light fastness stabilizer, and a process for preparing the decolorizable toner, which includes the steps of mixing the near infrared ray-absorbing dye and the light fastness stabilizer with the resin binder, and then mixing the decolorizing agent therewith. The decolorizable toner has excellent light stability during its production or storage and excellent decolorizing property.

Abstract: A liquid absorption agent for water or organic solvents comprising, as a main component, a crosslinked N-vinylcarboxylic acid amide resin comprising the backbone chain of a homopolymer or copolymer comprising repeating units of the formula shown below crosslinked with a crosslinking agent: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or methyl;X represents a group --COOY, wherein Y represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, or lower alkyl substituted with hydroxyl, dialkylamino or quaternary ammonium group; a group --CONHZ, wherein Z represents a hydrogen atom or lower alkyl substituted with a dialkylamino group, quaternary ammonium group, sulfonic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof; cyano, 2-ketopyrrolidinyl, lower alkoxy, lower acyl, lower acyloxy or lower alkyl substituted with sulfonic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof, with a proviso that when R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a near infrared ray-decolorizable recording material comprising a near infrared ray-absorbing cationic dye-borate anion complex having the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein D.sup.+ represents a cationic dye having absorptions in the near infrared region; R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 independently represent an alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, allyl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, silyl, alicyclic, or saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic group, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl, substituted alkaryl, substituted allyl, substituted aralkyl, substituted alkenyl, substituted alkynyl, or substituted silyl, with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Water-soluble microcapsules using a water-containing hydrophilic substance as a core material and at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol and modified polyvinyl alcohols as a coating material are stably retained in a concentrated aqeuous solution and are dissolved in water or a dilute aqueous solution.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion having good stability and fluidity, and a process for production thereof. The aqueous dispersion is produced by polymerizing (a) a specified amount of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer capable of forming a water-soluble polymer in (b) a specified amount of an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble polymer while adjusting the weight ratio of (a) to (b) to from 1:5 to 5:1.

Abstract: A highly water-absorbing but less water-soluble hydrogel is produced by polymerizing at least one hydrophilic ethylenically unsaturated monomer, e.g., ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid, or derivatives thereof, in the presence of a specific difunctional compound, e.g., polyethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether, polyethyleneglycol diacrylate, etc.