Abstract: Provided is a vehicle upper structure which is capable of increasing, in a simple manner, a section modulus (resistive force) against a bending moment to be imposed on a roof reinforcement by a swinging phenomenon of a gusset occurring when a side impact load input into a center pillar and a roof side rail member is applied to the roof reinforcement from the gusset during a vehicle side impact event, to allow the load to be effectively dispersed to the roof reinforcement. The vehicle upper structure comprises a roof side rail member 4, a roof reinforcement 15 and a gusset 30, wherein an end of the gusset 30 on a side fastened to the roof reinforcement 15 has a shape which inclines with respect to a line L1 oriented in a vehicle front-rear direction, in top plan view.

Abstract: Provided is a PIN diode that can suppress thermal destruction from occurring at the time of a reverse bias exceeding a breakdown voltage by current concentration on a curved part of an anode region. The PIN diode is configured to have: a semiconductor substrate 11 that includes an N+ semiconductor layer 1 and an N? semiconductor layer 2; a cathode electrode 18 that is formed on an outer surface of the N+ semiconductor layer 1; a main anode region 16, a separated anode region 15, and an anode connecting region that are formed by selectively diffusing P-type impurities from an outer surface of the N? semiconductor layer 2; and an anode electrode 17 that is formed on the main anode region 16.

Abstract: A center pillar includes a first reinforcement panel which is arranged between an outer panel and an inner panel, comprises a bottom wall portion, both-side vertical wall portions extending in a vehicle width direction from the bottom wall portion, and both-side flange portions, and has a cross section formed in substantially a hat shape. A second reinforcement panel comprising a bottom wall portion and both-side vertical wall portions and having a cross section formed in substantially a U shape is arranged inside the first reinforcement panel. The second reinforcement panel is joined to the first reinforcement panel such that only the bottom wall portion and one of the both-side vertical wall portions are joined to the bottom wall portion and one of the both-side vertical wall portions, respectively.

Abstract: A center pillar includes a first reinforcement panel which is arranged between an outer panel and an inner panel, comprises a bottom wall portion, both-side vertical wall portions extending in a vehicle width direction from the bottom wall portion, and both-side flange portions, and has a cross section formed in substantially a hat shape. A second reinforcement panel comprising a bottom wall portion and both-side vertical wall portions and having a cross section formed in substantially a U shape is arranged inside the first reinforcement panel. The second reinforcement panel is joined to the first reinforcement panel such that only the bottom wall portion and one of the both-side vertical wall portions are joined to the bottom wall portion and one of the both-side vertical wall portions, respectively.

Abstract: An opening portion is formed at a specified portion of a roof gusset which covers part of a panel joint portion from below. A pair of center-pillar side joint portions is provided at an outward end portion of the roof gusset, which is joined to a center pillar directly or via another panel member. A pair of first high-rigidity portions is provided at specified portions of the roof gusset which overlap the opening portion in a vehicle width direction and overlap the center-pillar joint portions in the vehicle longitudinal direction, respectively. A second high-rigidity portion is provided at an inward end portion of the roof gusset to extend in the vehicle longitudinal direction.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle upper structure which is capable of increasing, in a simple manner, a section modulus (resistive force) against a bending moment to be imposed on a roof reinforcement by a swinging phenomenon of a gusset occurring when a side impact load input into a center pillar and a roof side rail member is applied to the roof reinforcement from the gusset during a vehicle side impact event, to allow the load to be effectively dispersed to the roof reinforcement. The vehicle upper structure comprises a roof side rail member 4, a roof reinforcement 15 and a gusset 30, wherein an end of the gusset 30 on a side fastened to the roof reinforcement 15 has a shape which inclines with respect to a line L1 oriented in a vehicle front-rear direction, in top plan view.

Abstract: A PIN diode having improved avalanche resistance is provided. The PIN diode includes: a semiconductor substrate 11 that includes an N+ semiconductor layer 1, and an N? semiconductor layer 2; a P-type anode region 15 that is formed by selective impurity diffusion into an outer surface of the N? semiconductor layer 2; and an anode electrode 17 that is conducted to the anode region 15 through a contact region 17c in the anode region 15. The anode region 15 has a substantially rectangular outer edge of which four sides are adapted to be linear parts B2 and four vertices are adapted to be curved parts B1, and outside the contact region 17c, N-type non-diffusion corner regions 16 that extend along the curved parts B1 are respectively formed.

Abstract: At an upper part of a center pillar, a length L1 of a covering portion of a pillar inner panel is set to be substantially equal to a distance L2 between a pair of flange-ridgeline portions of a pillar reinforcement. Meanwhile, at a lower part of the center pillar, a length L3 of a covering portion of the pillar inner panel is set to be longer than a distance L4 between a pair of flange-ridgeline portions of the pillar reinforcement. Accordingly, a vehicle-body structure of a vehicle which can secure the proper absorption function of the vehicle collision load with cooperation of the first and second members can be provided.

Abstract: Provided is a PIN diode that can suppress thermal destruction from occurring at the time of a reverse bias exceeding a breakdown voltage by current concentration on a curved part of an anode region. The PIN diode is configured to have: a semiconductor substrate 11 that includes an N+ semiconductor layer 1 and an N? semiconductor layer 2; a cathode electrode 18 that is formed on an outer surface of the N+ semiconductor layer 1; a main anode region 16, a separated anode region 15, and an anode connecting region that are formed by selectively diffusing P-type impurities from an outer surface of the N? semiconductor layer 2; and an anode electrode 17 that is formed on the main anode region 16.

Abstract: A PIN diode having improved avalanche resistance is provided. The PIN diode includes: a semiconductor substrate 11 that includes an N+ semiconductor layer 1, and an N? semiconductor layer 2; a P-type anode region 15 that is formed by selective impurity diffusion into an outer surface of the N? semiconductor layer 2; and an anode electrode 17 that is conducted to the anode region 15 through a contact region 17c in the anode region 15. The anode region 15 has a substantially rectangular outer edge of which four sides are adapted to be linear parts B2 and four vertices are adapted to be curved parts B1, and outside the contact region 17c, N-type non-diffusion corner regions 16 that extend along the curved parts B1 are respectively formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein W, X, Y, R1, R2, R33, R34, m and n are as defined in the claims, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A reinforcing member is provided at a lower-outside corner of a side-sill reinforcement so as to extend in the vehicle longitudinal direction including a connection portion of the side sill to a center pillar for straining deformation of the corner. A deformation promoting portion which is provided at an upper portion of the side-sill reinforcement at a specified position which corresponds to the connection portion for prompting deformation of the upper portion of the side-sill reinforcement. Accordingly, a lower vehicle-body structure of a vehicle which can properly restrain the side sill and the center pillar from coming toward the vehicle inside at the vehicle side crash can be provided.

Abstract: A hinge reinforcement is provided at a hinge pillar at a specified position which corresponds to an upper door-hinge attachment portion. Attachment portions which extend toward a hinge pillar inner and are attached to this hinge pillar inner are provided at the hinge reinforcement which corresponds to the upper door-hinge attachment portion. A branch frame and a gusset member which transmit an impact load inputted from a front side frame extending in a vehicle longitudinal direction to the attachment portions via the hinge pillar inner are provided so as to extend from the front side frame. Accordingly, the impact load inputted to the vehicle body at the vehicle collision can be properly transmitted to the vehicle rear portion, so that the deformation of the vehicle compartment can be restrained surely.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas purification device disposition structure of a vehicle, comprises a fuel tank with a fuel supply port which is disposed so as to be open to an outside of a vehicle compartment, and a urea tank to accommodate urea water solution as deoxidizer to purify exhaust gas. The urea tank is disposed outside the vehicle compartment, and a pouring port of the urea tank is provided inside the vehicle compartment. Accordingly, the urea water solution can be surely prevented from entering into the vehicle compartment even in case of the breakage of the urea tank, and the mistake of supplying the wrong liquid into the wrong supply (pouring) port tank which may be made by confusing the ports can be avoided.

Abstract: A pillar reinforcement of a center pillar comprises an upper part and a lower part with a boundary line of these parts being positioned below the middle level of the pillar reinforcement. The upper and lower parts respectively include side wall portions which extend along a vehicle side face and pairs of vertical wall portions which extend inwardly from front and rear end portions of the side wall portions. The pair of vertical wall portions of the lower part is slant relative to the vehicle width direction so that the distance between the vertical wall portions becomes wider toward the inward direction, and a slant angle of the pair of vertical wall portions of the lower part is greater than that of the vertical portions of the upper part.

Abstract: At an upper part of a center pillar, a length L1 of a covering portion of a pillar inner panel is set to be substantially equal to a distance L2 between a pair of flange-ridgeline portions of a pillar reinforcement. Meanwhile, at a lower part of the center pillar, a length L3 of a covering portion of the pillar inner panel is set to be longer than a distance L4 between a pair of flange-ridgeline portions of the pillar reinforcement. Accordingly, a vehicle-body structure of a vehicle which can secure the proper absorption function of the vehicle collision load with cooperation of the first and second members can be provided.

Abstract: A hinge reinforcement is provided at a hinge pillar at a specified position which corresponds to an upper door-hinge attachment portion. Attachment portions which extend toward a hinge pillar inner and are attached to this hinge pillar inner are provided at the hinge reinforcement which corresponds to the upper door-hinge attachment portion. A branch frame and a gusset member which transmit an impact load inputted from a front side frame extending in a vehicle longitudinal direction to the attachment portions via the hinge pillar inner are provided so as to extend from the front side frame. Accordingly, the impact load inputted to the vehicle body at the vehicle collision can be properly transmitted to the vehicle rear portion, so that the deformation of the vehicle compartment can be restrained surely.

Abstract: A reinforcing member is provided at a lower-outside corner of a side-sill reinforcement so as to extend in the vehicle longitudinal direction including a connection portion of the side sill to a center pillar for straining deformation of the corner. A deformation promoting portion which is provided at an upper portion of the side-sill reinforcement at a specified position which corresponds to the connection portion for prompting deformation of the upper portion of the side-sill reinforcement. Accordingly, a lower vehicle-body structure of a vehicle which can properly restrain the side sill and the center pillar from coming toward the vehicle inside at the vehicle side crash can be provided.

Abstract: A pillar reinforcement of a center pillar comprises an upper part and a lower part with a boundary line of these parts being positioned below the middle level of the pillar reinforcement. The upper and lower parts respectively include side wall portions which extend along a vehicle side face and pairs of vertical wall portions which extend inwardly from front and rear end portions of the side wall portions. The pair of vertical wall portions of the lower part is slant relative to the vehicle width direction so that the distance between the vertical wall portions becomes wider toward the inward direction, and a slant angle of the pair of vertical wall portions of the lower part is greater than that of the vertical portions of the upper part.

Abstract: There is provided a method for preparing an analytical standard used for microbeam X-ray fluorescence analysis which includes: a mixing step in which an element is added to a base material, and the base material and the element are mixed by stirring to obtain a mixed solution; a deaeration step in which the mixed solution is deaerated; a freeze step in which the mixed solution is slowly frozen; and a cutting step in which a thin section is cut out from the frozen mixed solution. In order to surely remove bubbles from the mixed solution, the deaeration step may contain a stationary step in which the mixed solution is allowed to stand still at room temperature; or the stationary step includes a removal step in which gas contained in the mixed solution which is allowed to stand still is removed with a suction apparatus.