Abstract: [Problem to be solved] Provided is a method for processing a substrate having high etching selectivity of silicon with respect to silicon-germanium and further having a high selection ratio of silicon with respect to a silicon oxide film and/or a silicon nitride film in surface processing when manufacturing various types of silicon devices, particularly various types of silicon composite semiconductor devices containing silicon-germanium. [Solution] A method for processing a substrate includes: bringing an etching solution into contact with a substrate including a silicon film and a silicon-germanium film to perform etching; and selectively removing the silicon film, in which the etching solution contains an organic alkali and water and has a dissolved oxygen concentration of 0.20 ppm or less.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a memory device includes a stacked structure including a plurality of conductive layers stacked to be apart from each other in a first direction, and a pillar structure including a resistance change portion extending in the first direction in the stacked structure, and a semiconductor portion which extends in the first direction in the stacked structure and which includes a first portion provided along the resistance change portion and a second portion extending from the first portion in at least one direction intersecting the first direction.

Abstract: An optical probe includes: an optical fiber; a reflecting portion; and a traveling direction changing portion changing a traveling direction of a laser beam of a first wavelength that has transmitted through the reflecting portion to a direction different from a traveling direction before transmitting through the reflecting portion. Further, the traveling direction changing portion is configured by a bending structure having a structure in which a portion on a distal end side of the optical fiber is bent, and the reflecting portion is provided closer to a proximal end side of the optical fiber than the bending structure.

Abstract: An optical fiber connection state determination system determines a state of connection between a first optical fiber configured to propagate a test light input from a light source and a second optical fiber in a connector configured to detachably connect an output side from which the test light is output in the first optical fiber and an input side of the second optical fiber to which the test light propagated by the first optical fiber and output from the first optical fiber is input, and includes: a measurement unit configured to measure an intensity of a reflected light reflected and propagating thorough the first optical fiber in the test light; and a determination unit configured to determine the state of connection between the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber in the connector based on the intensity measured by the measurement unit.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing, for instance, a mammalian cell preservation solution that can effectively suppress a decrease in cell viability occurring when mammalian cells are preserved in liquid or a decrease in self-renewal potential occurring when mammalian stem cells are preserved in liquid, and that is less likely to cause a harmful effect on the life of a mammal at the time of in vivo administration of mammalian cells to the mammal. This solution involves preserving a mammalian cell by using a mammalian cell preservation solution comprising trehalose or a derivative thereof, or a salt thereof and a hydrogen carbonate, such as sodium bicarbonate, as a pH modifier, and having a pH of from 6.5 to 8.5.

Abstract: An optical fiber state detection system includes: a first light source that outputs a monitor-related light for monitoring a state of an optical fiber; a reflection mechanism that reflects the monitor-related light propagated through the optical fiber; a light receiving part that receives a reflected light reflected by the reflection mechanism; a tap coupler provided between the reflection mechanism and both the first light source and the light receiving part such that the first light source and the light receiving part are connected the tap coupler; and a control part. Further, when the control part detects that a received optical power of the reflected light is greater than 0 and lower than a predetermined threshold value, the control part outputs information on a decrease in the received optical power to outside.

Abstract: A laser apparatus includes: one or more laser diodes and two or more optical combiners. Further, output sides of the one or more laser diodes are connected to an input side of one optical combiner among the two or more optical combiners, and an output side of the one optical combiner is connected to an input side of an optical combiner other than the one optical combiner.

Abstract: To provide an optical probe capable of changing a traveling direction of an output beam to a sideward direction. The optical probe includes an optical fiber that outputs a beam from a distal end thereof, and a traveling direction changing unit that changes a traveling direction of the output beam to a sideward direction with respect to the optical fiber. The optical probe includes a holder member that is mounted on a distal end side of the optical fiber and holds the optical fiber, and the traveling direction changing unit may be a reflector that is arranged on the holder member and that reflects output beam.

Abstract: An optical probe includes: an optical fiber; a reflecting portion; and a traveling direction changing portion changing a traveling direction of a laser beam of a first wavelength that has transmitted through the reflecting portion to a direction different from a traveling direction before transmitting through the reflecting portion. Further, the traveling direction changing portion is configured by a bending structure having a structure in which a portion on a distal end side of the optical fiber is bent, and the reflecting portion is provided closer to a proximal end side of the optical fiber than the bending structure.

Abstract: A detection system includes: at least one light source that outputs a plurality of test beams input to a proximal end portion side of an optical fiber and having different wavelengths and providing different bending losses of the optical fiber; at least one reflector that reflects each of the test beams propagating through the optical fiber, on a distal end portion side of the optical fiber; a plurality of light receiving units that receive a plurality of reflected beams each being a beam reflected by the at least one reflector, on the proximal end portion side; and a determination unit that, based on information about the reflected beams at the plurality of light receiving units, compares the information about the reflected beams with reference set values.

Abstract: A tapered waveguide is optically connected to an end surface of an optical fiber bundle part, and has a tapered part that changes in outside diameter in a tapered shape. The fiber bundle part is optically connected to the end surface of the large-diameter side of the waveguide. The entire waveguide has a substantially uniform index of refraction. A delivery fiber is optically connected to the end surface on the small-diameter side of the waveguide. As with the fiber bundle part the delivery fiber passes through a hole in a capillary and is affixed. The capillaries are each affixed to a retaining member such that the fiber bundle part, the waveguide, and the delivery fiber are disposed on the same axis and optically connected. The waveguide is retained in a state floating from the retaining member, and the outside surface of the waveguide is not in contact with the retaining member.

Abstract: [Problems] provide a pleated filter cartridge that realizes an increase of surface area per volume of filter material (porous filter membrane) to thereby enable a flow rate greater than in the prior art with respect to the same volume. [Means for Solving Problems] There is provided a filter cartridge accommodating a filter material composed of a pleated porous membrane, a pleated nonwoven net disposed on the upstream side of the membrane and a pleated woven net disposed on the downstream side of the membrane, these joined together at edge portions thereof.

Abstract: To achieve space saving and cost reduction by solving a problem with a conventional treatment fluid filtration device wherein a deaerating device and a solid particle filter device were required separately. A filter unit comprises a head part 3 having a treatment fluid inlet port 5, a filtrated fluid delivery port 7, and a deaerating port 9; a housing 1 integrally or detachably connected, in a fluid-tight manner, to the head part; a plurality of deaerating hollow fibers 33, which is housed in the housing on the upstream side; and a filter element 13 housed in the housing on the downstream side of the deaerating hollow fibers. The inlet port 5 communicates with the outer surface side of the hollow fibers 33. The delivery port communicates with the downstream side of the filter element 13. The deaeration port 9 communicates with an internal passage of the hollow fibers 33.

Abstract: Providing a filter device with various functions, such as remarkable improvement of the throughput of the downstream filter, ion-removing property of the upstream filter. A filter element comprises an upstream filter and a downstream filter made of the same or different material and installed into one housing or container, wherein said downstream filter is fixed to said housing, said upstream filter is fixed to said downstream filter, both filters are concentrically arranged to each other, and when the downstream filter is not contaminated, only the upstream filter can be replaced with fresh one.

Abstract: Providing a filter device with various functions, such as remarkable improvement of the throughput of the downstream filter, ion-removing property of the upstream filter. A filter element comprises an upstream filter and a downstream filter made of the same or different material and installed into one housing or container, wherein said downstream filter is fixed to said housing, said upstream filter is fixed to said downstream filter, both filters are concentrically arranged to each other, and when the downstream filter is not contaminated, only the upstream filter can be replaced with fresh one.