Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor electrode of organic dye-sensitized metal oxide having a semiconductor layer of metal oxide that can be easily prepared, and an organic dye-sensitized solar cell. The semiconductor electrode of organic dye-sensitized metal oxide comprises a substrate having a transparent electrode thereon, a semiconductor layer of metal oxide provided on the electrode and an organic dye absorbed on a surface of the semiconductor layer, the semiconductor layer being formed by a vapor deposition process.

Abstract: An optical element such as a band-pass filter, near-infrared cut filter or antireflection film which can be prepared in high rate and hence in high productivity and whose preparation can be carried out by the application of high electric power to a target. In the optical element, a low refractive index layer is formed using conductive silicon carbide as a target by a sputtering method and a high refractive index layer is formed using conductive titanium oxide as a target by a sputtering method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a rubber-based composite material, including the steps of forming, by sputtering, an adhesion film on a substrate to be mated with a rubber for constituting the composite material, laminating a rubber composition on the adhesion film, and vulcanizing the rubber composition, the sputtering is conducted by using a first target and a second target, composed of different metallic components and provided in a chamber, while moving the substrate in sputtering atmospheres formed by applying electric power simultaneously to the first and second targets.

Abstract: A provided transparent electroconductive film has a polymer film and a transparent electroconductive layer deposited on the polymer film, which has no problem of damages and removal of the transparent electroconductive layer. The transparent electroconductive film has a polymer film 4 and a transparent electroconductive layer 5 deposited on the polymer film 4. A protective layer 9 made of material different from that of the transparent electroconductive layer 5 is formed on the transparent electroconductive layer 5. A touch panel has the transparent electroconductive film as an upper electrode 6A or a lower electrode.

Abstract: A touch panel includes a transparent electro-conductive film. The transparent electro-conductive film comprises a primary layer formed on a polymer film, and a transparent electro-conductive thin film or a multi-lamination film composed of at least one metal-compound layer and at least one electro-conductive-metal layer is formed on the primary layer. The primary layer is made of silicon compound. The primary layer is formed by sputtering, using a target having a density of 2.9 g/cm3 or more.

Abstract: A touch panel includes a transparent electro-conductive film. The transparent electro-conductive film comprises a primary layer formed on a polymer film, and a transparent electro-conductive thin film or a multi-lamination film composed of at least one metal-compound layer and at least one electro-conductive-metal layer is formed on the primary layer. The primary layer is made of silicon compound. The primary layer is formed by sputtering, using a target having a density of 2.9 g/cm3 or more.

Abstract: A transparent electroconductive film has a polymer film, a primary layer formed on the polymer film, and a transparent electroconductive thin film or a multi-lamination film composed of at least one metal-compound layer and at least one electroconductive-metal layer, formed on the primary layer. The primary layer is made of silicon compound. The primary layer is formed by sputtering, using a target having a density of 2.9 g/cm3 or more.

Abstract: A transparent conductive film has a polymer film 4 and a transparent conductive layer 5 formed on the polymer film 4. The transparent conductive layer consists of indium oxide, a zinc oxide system and a tin oxide system. A covering layer 9, made of material different from that of the transparent conductive layer 5, is formed on the transparent conductive layer 5. A touch panel is provided with the transparent conductive film as its upper electrode 6A or lower electrode. The surface of the transparent conductive layer is covered with the covering layer, so that physical or chemical stresses generated during the input to the touch panel do not affect transparent conductive layer directly, thus preventing damages and delamination of the transparent conductive layer. Furthermore, the covering layer formed on the transparent conductive layer improves the strength of the transparent conductive film, thereby enhancing a resistance to wear.

Abstract: A provided transparent electroconductive film has a polymer film and a transparent electroconductive layer deposited on the polymer film, which has no problem of damages and removal of the transparent electroconductive layer. The transparent electroconductive film has a polymer film 4 and a transparent electroconductive layer 5 deposited on the polymer film 4. A protective layer 9 made of material different from that of the transparent electroconductive layer 5 is formed on the transparent electroconductive layer 5. A touch panel has the transparent electroconductive film as an upper electrode 6A or a lower electrode.

Abstract: A film deposition apparatus equipped with a vacuum chamber, comprising a pair of rollers for vertically traveling a continuous sheet as a substrate, and a pair of sputtering cathodes for continuously depositing the film on the surfaces of the sheet in the vacuum chamber. The cathodes are vertically arranged and horizontally faced each other. The sheet is traveled between a pair of the cathodes. The apparatus and the film deposition process using it make it possible to deposit a film even on surfaces of a flexible sheet without causing problems such as defective film deposition or abnormal discharge, while ensuring stable, continuous, long-term operation.

Abstract: A transparent electroconductive film has a polymer film, a primary layer formed on the polymer film, and a transparent electroconductive thin film or a multi-lamination film composed of at least one metal-compound layer and at least one electroconductive-metal layer, formed on the primary layer. The primary layer is made of silicon compound. The primary layer is formed by sputtering, using a target having a density of 2.9 g/cm3 or more.

Abstract: A fuel injector nozzle is provided which includes an injector nozzle body having a distal end portion in which a plurality of pairs of injection holes are formed, such that each pair of injection holes are spaced from each other in an axial direction of the nozzle body, and such that injection axes of each pair of injection holes intersect with each other at a point outside of the nozzle body. According to the present invention, jets of fuel that are ejected from each pair of injection holes collide with each other immediately after passing through exits of the injection holes, such that a crossed axes angle &thgr; formed by the injection axes of each pair of injection holes is in a range of 30°≦&thgr;≦80°.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a premixed compression ignition type internal combustion engine having, a fuel injection valve for supplying a fuel into a combustion chamber of the engine, an operational condition detecting unit for detecting the operational condition of the engine, and a fuel injection control unit for controlling the fuel injection valve on the basis of the results of the detection carried out by the operational condition detecting unit, the fuel injection control unit controlling the fuel injection valve so that the supplying of a fuel to the combustion chamber is finished at least before a piston reaches a compression top dead center. The control apparatus includes an air supply unit for supplying pressurized air to the combustion chamber, and an air quantity control unit for controlling the air supply unit.