Abstract: A tunable filter includes a wavelength selector and a reflector. The wavelength selector selects a wavelength of a light beam. The reflector reflects the light beam, the wavelength of which is selected by the wavelength selector. The light beam reflected by the reflector is again introduced into the wavelength selector to improve wavelength selectivity.

Abstract: A leadframe includes: a frame rail; a die pad, disposed inside the frame rail, for mounting a semiconductor chip thereon; and a plurality of internal inner leads, which are disposed to surround the die pad and each of which has a convex portion on the bottom thereof. The frame rail and the internal inner leads are retained by a lead retaining member on their upper and/or lower surface(s).

Abstract: A leadframe includes: a frame rail; a die pad, disposed inside the frame rail, for mounting a semiconductor chip thereon; and a plurality of internal inner leads, which are disposed to surround the die pad and each of which has a convex portion on the bottom thereof. The frame rail and the internal inner leads are retained by a lead retaining member on their upper and/or lower surface(s).

Abstract: A leadframe includes: a frame rail; a die pad, disposed inside the frame rail, for mounting a semiconductor chip thereon; and a plurality of internal inner leads, which are disposed to surround the die pad and each of which has a convex portion on the bottom thereof. The frame rail and the internal inner leads are retained by a lead retaining member on their upper and/or lower surface(s).

Abstract: An optical attenuator realizable at a lower cost, for easily attenuating a quantity of light transmitted through an optical fiber, an optical photometer using the optical attenuator and a method for controlling a quantity of light by the optical attenuator. The optical attenuator (10, 11) comprises: two ferrules (41, 42) provided so that top surfaces thereof are stood opposite to each other, in which an optical fiber (31, 32) is connected to a base edge portion on each of the ferrules and either or both of the ferrules can be moved along an optical axis of each ferrule; and a split sleeve (2) for holding the ferrules in the same axis line (X, Y).

Abstract: An optical loopback apparatus provides a basis for miniaturizing the loop back mechanism so as to enable optical attenuation and wavelength multi/demultiplexing operations to be carried out in a compact device. An optical fiber unit has two single core fibers for input and output fiber paths. By aligning the central axis between the cores with the optical axis of a lens having a refractive index distribution of 0.25 pitch, the input beam into the apparatus is wholly reflected back 180 degrees by a total reflection film provided at the output terminal surface of the lens. In another arrangement, the optical axis of all four components: the central axis of the input and output fiber paths; the first lens; a second lens and a second optical fiber; are aligned, then, an input beam into the first lens is partially looped back 180 degrees at the reflective film.

Abstract: A stop range setting circuit sets a range of permissible positions around where the control object is desired to be stopped on the basis of a target position signal, and a potentio balance resistor (PBR) detects a present position of the control object driven by a motor. The comparison circuit compares the present position of the control object with the set range, and outputs an out-of-stop range signal and a rotating direction indication signal until the control object reaches the range. The out-of-stop range signal is input to a drive start determination circuit, and a drive permission signal is output to a drive circuit when the out-of-stop range signal is continuously output for at least a predetermined period of time. The drive circuit drives the motor in a direction indicated by the rotating direction indication signal while the drive permission signal is continuously output, so that an instantaneous ON/OFF signal is not input to the drive circuit in the presence of external noise.

Abstract: A high-reflection attenuation light-interception apparatus having a measured optical plug (1) which is PC polished on its output terminal, a short ferrule (2) which has an internal graded index fiber (6) with a PC polished input terminal and diagonal polished output terminal, a receptacle (3) which directly connects the output terminal of the measured optical plug (1) and the input terminal of the short ferrule (2), a light-interception element which receives light propagated through the graded index fiber (6) in the short ferrule (2), and a light-interception element block which fixes in face to face relationship the output terminal of the short ferrule (2) and the receiving surface of the light-interception element (4).

Abstract: The upper limit value and lower limit value of a control target value are alternately supplied to a single D/A converter in synchronism with a clock, an analog output from the D/A converter is compared with an output from a PBR serving as a position detector, and a motor is driven by the difference voltage, thereby positioning the control object. In this case, control of the moving direction and drive/stop of the motor is performed by a combination between the setting states of the upper and lower limit values and the polarity of the difference voltage, and the switching operation of the selector is stopped during a control operation, thereby making it possible to smoothly perform the control operation at a high speed. The control system can be digitized as a whole by detecting a position by an encoder, and integration of the system can be enhanced, thereby realizing a compact and stable control system.

Abstract: A device and method for reducing phase jitter in digital phase locked loop applications resulting in smaller clock skews between application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Phase jitter is reduced by a fine resolution digital delay line (20) comprising both coarse stages (variable delay element 24) for rough/fast phase adjustment and fine stages (fine resolution delay element 22) for precise delay adjustment when phase lock is near.

Abstract: A control system of automotive air conditioning device comprises a heater/cooler unit having therein a plurality of control doors by which various air flow modes are provided. A plurality of identical actuators are employed for actuating the control doors. Each actuator includes an electric motor for driving the corresponding control door, a position detector for issuing a current position signal representative of the current angular position assumed by the corresponding control door, and a control circuit for controlling the electric motor by processing both the current position signal as well as a target position signal applied thereto. A control unit is further employed for totally controlling the actuators by means of a multiplex communication carried out between the control unit and each of the actuators. The control unit issues the target position signal to each of the actuators.

Abstract: In multiplex serial data communication circuit network and method, a clock information is always output from a single transmission control apparatus having an oscillation source onto a single signal transmission line. Any one of the other transmission control apparatuses carries out a serial data transmission with the clock pulse signal superposed on the data to be transmitted via the single transmission line. In addition, any one of the transmission control apparatuses extracts the clock information from the clock information superposed data signals on the single transmission line and takes an operation timing within all transmission control apparatuses from the extracted clock pulse signal. Furthermore, a remote DC motor control system and method using the multiplex serial data communication circuit network described above are exemplified. Master station and slave stations in the DC motor control system can be integrated into each plurality of ICs.

Abstract: A device and method for reducing phase jitter in digital phase locked loop applications resulting in smaller clock skews between application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Phase jitter is reduced by a fine resolution digital delay line (20) comprising both coarse stages (variable delay element 24) for rough/fast phase adjustment and fine stages (fine resolution delay element 22) for precise delay adjustment when phase lock is near.

Abstract: A first periodic digital waveform is to be synchronized with a second periodic digital waveform obtained by propagating the first waveform through a delay path (13) having an adjustable propagation delay. In the disclosed approach, the delay of the delay path is increased, even when an edge (43) of the second waveform trails a corresponding edge (45) of the first waveform by less than one-half cycle. The delay continues to be increased until the edge of the second waveform is eventually time-shifted past the next successive corresponding edge (49) of the first waveform.

Abstract: A stationary game machine can responds to steering by a player to change the orientation of a dummy mover such a vehicle or the like, and also to translate the dummy mover in a direction crossing the dummy mover's path of movement at a speed corresponding to the changed orientation. The game machine can comprise a stationary vehicle used as the dummy mover and an endless belt representing a road as the path of movement.As the scenes on and in the road change in association with the movement of the endless belt, a steering wheel is rotated by the player to change the orientation of the vehicle and, at the same time, to translate the vehicle in the transverse direction. Tile translation of the vehicle is accomplished by a combination of a rotating shaft with a pressure roller contacting the rotating shaft, the cross-angle between the rotating shaft and the pressure roller being controlled to generate a thrust for translating the vehicle.

Abstract: An image sensing apparatus according to the invention includes two image sensing portions, a signal processing portion, a first analog switch for applying one of the outputs of the two image sensing portions to the signal processing portion, a digital/analog converter for converting the digital amounts of first and second white balance control signals for the image sensing portions into analog amounts, second analog switches for selecting one of the first and second white balance control signals from the digital/analog converter and applying the selected one to the signal processing portion, and a control portion 11 for controlling the digital/analog converter 12 and the first and second analog switches.