Abstract: A spring member is provided between two pressed bodies facing each other in a first direction and includes base plates stacked in the first direction. Each base plate is provided with spring protrusions protruding toward either one pressed body of the two pressed bodies and pressing the two pressed bodies in directions such that the pressed bodies move away from each other in the first direction. Between two base plates adjacent to each other in the first direction, a base plate positioned closer to the one pressed body is provided with an insertion hole into which a spring protrusion of the other base plate is inserted in a state of penetrating therethrough in the first direction. Among portions in an along-plane direction along a plane orthogonal to the first direction provided with the spring protrusions, the spring constant of at least one portion is different from that of another portion.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for the alkylation of isoalkanes is disclosed along with a process therefor the same. The catalyst comprises a zirconium halide and at least one member of the group consisting of sulfate basic sulfate, copper halide, copper nitrate and copper salt of an organic acid. The process for the alkylation of isoalkanes with alkenes is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising a zirconium halide and at least one member of the group consisting of sulfate, basic sulfate, copper halide, copper nitrate and copper salt of an organic acid at a temperature of room temperature--200.degree. C. and a pressure of atmospheric -5 MPa.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there are provided a catalyst and a process for the preparation of polyolefins having a relatively wide molecular weight distribution, good particle properties, a narrow composition distribution in copolymerization and a high molecular weight and being less sticky. The catalyst is prepared by contacting the following constituents (1) to (4) with one another:(1) a compound represented by the general formula Me.sup.1 R.sup.1.sub.p (OR.sup.2).sub.q X.sub.4-p-q, where Me.sup.1 is Zr, Ti or Hf, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, X is a halogen atom, p and q are each an integer in the ranges of 0.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.4 and 0.ltoreq.q.ltoreq.4 , provided 0.ltoreq.p+q.ltoreq.4;(2) a compound represented by the general formula Me.sup.2 R.sup.3.sub.m (OR.sup.4).sub.n X.sup.2.sub.z-m-n, where Me.sup.2 is a Group I-III element in the Periodic Table, R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: A catalyst useful for the alkylation of isoalkanes is disclosed along with a process therefor the same. The catalyst comprises a reaction product resulting from mutual contact of a zirconium halide and a magnesium halide and/or a magnesium oxyhalide. The process for the alkylation of isoalkanes with alkenes is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising a reaction product resulting from mutual contact of a zirconium halide and a magnesium halide and/or a magnesium oxyhalide at a temperature of room temperature--150.degree. C. and a pressure of atmospheric--5 MPa.

Abstract: A catalyst component is disclosed for use in the homo- or copolymerization of olefinic hydrocarbons. The catalyst component is comprised of a first compound of the formula M.sup.1 (OR.sup.1).sub.p R.sup.2.sub.q X.sup.1.sub.4-p-q, M.sup.1 being titanium a second compound of the formula M.sup.2 (OR.sup.3).sub.m R.sup.4.sub.n X.sup.2.sub.z-m-n, with M.sup.2 being a metal of Groups Ia-IIIa or IIb of the Periodic Table, and a third compound which is an organocyclic compound having two or more conjugated double bonds. A process is also disclosed for the production of hydrocarbon polymers in which the above catalyst component is combined with a modified organoaluminum compound to form a catalyst composition capable of providing controlled molecular weight, wide distribution thereof and other desirable qualities in the polymer product.

Abstract: A process for the polymerization of olefinic hydrocarbons is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising a catalyst component derived from reacting a compound of the formula Me.sup.1 R.sup.1.sub.n X.sup.1.sub.4-n, a compound of the formula Me.sup.2 R.sup.2.sub.m X.sup.2.sub.z-m, an organocyclic compound having two or more conjugated double bonds and a carrier of inorganic or polymeric material, and a modified organoaluminum compound having Al--O--Al bonds, the resulting polyolefins having a relatively wide molecular weight distribution, a relatively narrow composition distribution and increased bulk density.

Abstract: An oligomerization catalyst according to the invention comprises a nickel compound (A); an organophosphoric compound (B); an organoaluminum compound (C); and a compound of the group consisting of carbon-halogen bond-containing compounds, oxoacid and salts thereof, sulfonic acid and derivatives thereof, and compounds of any of the formulae QX.sup.4.sub.n, QR.sub.n, QR'.sub.n, QX.sup.4.sub.1 R.sub.m, QX.sup.4.sub.1 R'.sub.m, QR.sub.1 R'.sub.m, Q.sup.1 (BR.sub.4).sub.p and R"(BR.sub.4) wherein Q is an element of the group consisting of Mg, Ti, Zr, B and Sn, Q.sup.1 is an element of the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Ca and Zn, X.sup.4 is a halogen or hydrogen atom, R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbon group, R' is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 oxygen-containing hydrocarbon group, R" is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 hydrocarbon group or an ammonium group, n is a valence of Q, l, m is a natural member that satisfied n=l+m, and p is a valence of Q.sup.1. This catalyst is useful for the production of alpha-olefinic oligomers.

Abstract: According to the present invention there are provided a catalyst component, a catalyst using the catalyst component and a process using the catalyst, for the preparation of olefin polymers high in molecular weight and relatively wide in molecular weight distribution, using an extremely small amount of a modified organoaluminum compound such as methylaluminoxane and in high yield. The catalyst component is prepared by contacting at least the following constituents (1), (2), (3) and (4) with one another:(1) a compound represented by the general formula Me.sup.1 R.sup.1.sub.p (OR.sup.2).sub.q X.sub.4-p-q where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, X is a halogen atom, Me is Zr, Ti or Hf, p and q are each an integer in the ranges of 0.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.4 and 0.ltoreq.q.ltoreq.4, provided 0.ltoreq.p+q.ltoreq.4;(2) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following general formulas 1 to 4:General formula 1: Me.sup.

Abstract: A process for the polymerization of olefinic hydrocarbons is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising a catalyst component derived from reacting a compound of the formula Me.sup.1 R.sup.1.sub.n X.sup.1.sub.4-n, a compound of the formula Me.sup.2 R.sup.2.sub.m X.sup.2.sub.z-m, an organocyclic compound having two or more conjugated double bonds and a carrier of inorganic or polymeric material, and a modified organoaluminum compound having Al--O--Al bonds, the resulting polyolefins having a relatively wide molecular weight distribution, a relatively narrow composition distribution and increased bulk density.

Abstract: A process for the polymerization of olefinic hydrocarbons is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising a catalyst component derived from reacting a compound of the formula Me.sup.1 R.sup.1.sub.n X.sup.1.sub.4-n, a compound of the formula Me.sup.2 R.sup.2.sub.m X.sup.2.sub.z-m, an organocyclic compound having two or more conjugated double bonds and a carrier of inorganic or polymeric material, and a modified organoaluminum compound having Al--O--Al bonds, the resulting polyolefins having a relatively wide molecular weight distribution, a relatively narrow composition distribution and increased bulk density.

Abstract: A catalyst component is disclosed for use in the homo- or copolymerization of olefinic hydrocarbons. The catalyst component is comprised of a first compound of the formula Me.sup.1 (OR.sup.1).sub.p R.sup.2.sub.q X.sup.1.sub.4-p-q and a second compound which is an organocyclic compound having two or more conjugated double bonds. A process is also disclosed for the production of hydrocarbon polymers in which the above catalyst component is combined with a modified organoaluminum compound to form a catalyst composition capable of providing high molecular weight, wide distribution thereof and other desirable qualities in the polymer product.

Abstract: A catalyst component is disclosed for use in the homo- or copolymerization of olefinic hydrocarbons. The catalyst component is comprised of a first compound of the formula Me.sup.1 (OR.sup.1).sub.p R.sup.2.sub.q X.sup.1.sub.4-p-q and a second compound which is an organocyclic compound having two or more conjugated double bonds. A process is also disclosed for the production of hydrocarbon polymers in which the above catalyst component is combined with a modified or organoaluminum compound to form a catalyst composition capable of providing high molecular weight, wide distribution thereof and other desirable qualities in the polymer product.

Abstract: A process for the polymerization of olefinic hydrocarbons is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising a catalyst component derived from reacting a compound of the formula Me.sup.1 R.sup.1.sub.n X.sup.1.sub.4-n, a compound of the formula Me.sup.2 R.sup.2.sub.m X.sup.2.sub.z-m, an organocyclic compound having two or more conjugated double bonds and a carrier of inorganic or polymeric material, and a modified organoaluminum compound having Al--O--Al bonds, the resulting polyolefins having a relatively wide molecular weight distribution, a relatively narrow composition distribution and increased bulk density.

Abstract: An effective catalyst carrier for use in the polymerization of olefins is provided.Said carrier comprises particles of silicon oxide or aluminum oxide satisfying the following characteristics (A) to (E):(A) An average particle diameter as measured by the sieving method is in the range of 20 to 150 .mu.m.(B) A specific surface area as measured by the BET method is in the range of 150 to 600 m.sup.2 /g.(C) The volume of pores ranging in pore radius from 18 to 1,000 Angstroms as measured by the mercury penetration method is in the range of 0.3 to 2.0 cm.sup.3 /g.(D) An apparent specific gravity as measured according to JIS K6220-6.8 is not lower than 0.32.(E) After the particles classified in the range of between 53 .mu.m and 75 .mu.m by the sieving method have been subjected to an ultrasonic disintegration treatment at 40 KHz, 35 W, for 20 minutes, the proportion of 50 .mu.m or smaller particles, i.e., degree of ultrasonic disintegration, is not more than 30%.

Abstract: A catalyst component is disclosed for use in the homo-or copolymerization of olefinic hydrocarbons. The catalyst component is comprised of a first compound of the formula Me.sup.1 (OR.sup.1).sub.p R.sup.2.sub.q X.sup.1.sub.4-p-q, a second compound of the formula Me.sup.2 (OR.sup.3).sub.m R.sup.4.sub.n X.sup.2.sub.z-m-n and a third compound which is an organocyclic compound having two or more conjugated double bonds. A process is also disclosed for the production of hydrocarbon polymers in which the above catalyst component is combined with a modified organoaluminum compound to form a catalyst composition capable of providing controlled molecular weight, wide distribution thereof and other desirable qualities in the polymer product.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is provide a catalyst capable of affording an olefin homopolymer or copolymer having a high molecular weight and a relatively wide molecular weight distribution, in high yield, using an extremely small amount of a modified organoaluminum compound (particularly methylaluminoxane).The catalyst comprises the modified organoaluminum compound and a catalyst component comprising the following compounds (1) and (2): (1) a compound represented by the general formula R.sub.p MX.sub.4-p where M is a transition metal of Group IVa in the Periodic Table, R is cyclopentadienyl, substituted cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, substituted indenyl, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 24 carbon atoms, provided Rs may be bonded together through an alkylene groups having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and/or silylene group, X is a halogen atom, a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon residue having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, and p is a number satisfying the condition of 1.ltoreq.p.ltoreq.

Abstract: A catalyst component is disclosed for use in the homo- or copolymerization of olefinic hydrocarbons. The catalyst component is comprised of a first compound of the formula Me.sup.1 (OR.sup.1).sub.p R.sup.2.sub.q X.sup.1.sub.4-p-q, a second compound of the formula Me.sup.2 (OR.sup.3).sub.m R.sup.4.sub.n X.sup.2.sub.z-m-n and a third compound which is an organocyclic compound having two or more conjugated double bonds. A process is also disclosed for the production of hydrocarbon polymers in which the above catalyst component is combined with a modified organoaluminum compound to form a catalyst composition capable of providing controlled molecular weight, wide distribution thereof and other desirable qualities in the polymer product.

Abstract: Polyolefins having a high molecular weight, an appropriate molecular weight distribution and a relatively narrow composition distribution are prepared in high activity.The polymerization of an olefin or olefins is performed in the presence of a catalyst comprising a catalyst component and a modified organoaluminum compound, the catalyst component being prepared by mutually contacting (1) a compound of the general formula Me.sup.1 R.sup.1.sub.n X.sup.1.sub.4-n and (2) an alkali metal salt of cyclopentadiene or indene and optionally (3) a compound of the general formula Me.sup.2 R.sup.2.sub.m X.sup.2.sub.3-m, and the modified organoaluminum compound and water and containing Al--O--Al bond(s).

Abstract: A catalyst component is disclosed for use in the homo-or copolymerization of olefinic hydrocarbons. The catalyst component is comprised of a first compound of the formula Me.sup.1 (OR.sup.1).sub.p R.sup.2.sub.q X.sup.1.sub.4-p-q and a second compound which is an organocyclic compound having two or more conjugated double bonds. A process is also disclosed for the production of hydrocarbon polymers in which the above catalyst component is combined with a modified organoaluminum compound to form a catalyst composition capable of providing high molecular weight, wide distribution thereof and other desirable qualities in the polymer product.

Abstract: A process for the polymerization of olefinic hydrocarbons is carried out in the presence of a catalyst comprising a catalyst component derived from reacting a compound of the formula Me.sup.1 R.sup.1.sub.n X.sup.1.sub.4-n, a compound of the formula Me.sup.2 R.sup.2.sub.m X.sup.2.sub.z-m, an organocyclic compound having two or more conjugated double bonds and a carrier of inorganic or polymeric material, and a modified organoaluminum compound having Al--O--Al bonds, the resulting polyolefins having a relatively wide molecular weight distribution, a relatively narrow composition distribution and increased bulk density.