Abstract: There is disclosed an optical deflector comprising a mirror structure having a first and second surfaces in a front/back relation, single plate base for holding the mirror structure, and a driver for driving the mirror structure. The mirror structure comprises a pair of supports, a movable plate, and a pair of elastic members for connecting the movable plate and the supports, such that the movable plate is able to rock with respect to the supports. The movable plate has a mirror surface on the second surface. The base has an opening for exposing the mirror surface. The supports of the mirror structure are fixed to the base with the second surfaces of the supports in contact therewith. The driver includes a conductive element formed on the first surface of the movable plate, and magnetic field generating elements fixed on the base.

Abstract: An optical scanner has a coil and a reflection face. This optical scanner also has: a movable plate positioned at its neutral position in a stop state; torsion bars connected to the movable plate; a support body turnably supporting the movable plate by means of the torsion bars; and a restriction member disposed at a position spaced with a predetermined distance from a surface of the movable plate. The restriction member comes into physical contact with the movable plate when a shock is applied to the optical scanner. The restriction member restricts a displacement of the movable plate equal to or greater than a predetermined quantity. The movable plate is turned with the torsion bars being a turning axis.

Abstract: In an ultrasonic probe for use in ultrasonic endoscope, ultrasonic diagnosing apparatus and other ultrasonic apparatuses, an ultrasonic vibrator is arranged in a recess formed in a cylindrical housing and is secured thereto such that portions of first and second electrodes are exposed out of the recess. First and second lead wires are embedded in the housing such that tips of the lead wires are exposed within connecting areas formed in the housing in communication with the recess. The tips of the first and second lead wires are connected to first and second electrodes of the ultrasonic vibrator with the aid of conductive members made of solder, conductive paste or conductive adhesive agent. The other end of the first and second lead wires are extended from the same end face of the cylindrical housing.

Abstract: A 7-(4-pyridyl)-1,8-naphthyridine compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, an ethyl or vinyl group, and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,and a salt thereof.The compounds represented by the formula are useful in antibacterial compositions or intermediates thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to 1,8-naphthyridine compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a halogen atom especially fluorine atom,R.sub.1 is an ethyl group or a vinyl group, andR.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, their salts and processes for the preparation of them.The 1,8-naphthyridine compounds and their salts are useful as antibacterial agents and intermediates thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to 1,8-naphthyridine compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a halogen atom especially fluorine atom,R.sub.1 is an ethyl group or a vinyl group, andR.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, their salts and processes for the preparation of them.The 1,8-naphthyridine compounds and their salts are useful as antibacterial agents and intermediates thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a 1,8-naphthyridine compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or propyl, and a nontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a process for preparing a 1,8-naphthyridine compound of the above formula which comprises(A) reacting a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein Y is halogen, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, lower alkylsulfinyl, lower alkylsulfonyl, lower alkylsulfonyloxy or arylsulfonyloxy, and R.sub.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl,with a compound of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a protective group for the amino group, and R is as defined above,and when a reaction product in which R.sub.1 is lower alkyl and/or R.sub.2 is the amino protective group is obtained, treating it with an acid or base, and/or reductively cleaving it,(B) decomposing a compound of the formula ##STR4## wherein A .crclbar. is a fluorine-containing anion, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are as defined above,and when a reaction product in which R.sub.