Abstract: An apparatus for recording information includes an information recording unit which records data on a recording medium having a user data area for recording of user requested data and having a predetermined spare area for reallocating a defect present in the user data area, a data reallocating unit which reallocates data to the predetermined spare area, a temporary spare area recording unit which generates a temporary spare area in a portion of the user data area by copying the reallocated data from the predetermined spare area to the portion of the user data area, and an updating unit which updates the temporary spare area by copying the reallocated data from the predetermined spare area to another portion of the user data area in response to a data change in one of the temporary spare area and the predetermined spare area.

Abstract: A data recording method is disclosed that is capable of correctly reading data from a rewritable recording medium including both recorded regions and unrecorded regions. In response to a request of recording data on the recording disk, a run-in block is recorded by recording one ECC block of dummy data in the region preceding the recording destination region, if the region preceding the recording destination region is an unrecorded region, and the flag bit in the bitmap corresponding to the run-in block is registered to be “unrecorded”. Then, data are recorded in the recording destination region, and subsequently, the flag bit in the bitmap corresponding to the recording destination region is registered to be “recorded”. Then, the operation of data recording is completed.

Abstract: A driving unit for a pressure application shaft in a welding apparatus including a housing for housing therein a ball screw mechanism for converting rotation of an output shaft of a motor into reciprocating motion of the pressure application shaft, and a direct acting type rolling guide mechanism provided between the pressure application shaft and the housing. The housing includes a housing body which is opened at one side, and a plate for covering the opened portion. The ball screw mechanism, the pressure application shaft member, the rolling bearing which is fixed to the pressure application shaft member, and a rail combined with the rolling bearing are fixed to the housing body.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer-readable recording medium are disclosed, for recording information in an information recording medium. The method includes a first step of outputting, in response to an initialization request for initializing the information recording medium, termination information indicative of termination of the initialization before the initialization starts, and a second step of starting the initialization at a predetermined timing after the output of the termination information. In this procedure, it is possible to start to record data in a blank disc sooner than in conventional methods.

Abstract: An information reproducing method includes the steps o of reading information from an information medium that is rotated, and determining a rotation velocity of the information medium on the basis of a data transfer rate based on a specification of a read request.

Abstract: A recording method is provided that can protect information recorded on a recording medium in a designated recording format. In response to a request for recording in a designated recording format among a plurality of recording formats applicable to the recording medium, restriction information for restricting recording in one or more recording formats other than the designated recording format among the plurality of recording formats is recorded in a predetermined area on the recording medium. Even if there is a request for data recording in a recording format in which recording is restricted, the request for data recording is dismissed by this method. Thus, data already recorded in the designated recording format can be prevented from being overwritten by other data.

Abstract: Since components constituting a driving unit for pressure application shaft are integrally assembled with one another, and the driving unit for pressure application shaft is integrally fixed to a housing body, the precious driving unit for pressure application shaft can be obtained with ease, and consequently, it is possible to provide the precious driving unit for pressure application shaft in a welding apparatus at low cost.

Abstract: An information reproducing apparatus reproducing information of an information recording medium is disclosed. In the information recording medium, a record area is divided into a plurality of data areas. Also, data are recorded for each of the divided data areas. In addition, management information relating to the data recording is recorded in a predetermined management information area. Further, the management information is updated and recorded in a new management information area every time a predetermined data recording is completed. A receiving part receives, from an external device, an obtaining request for the management information. The obtaining request includes designation of a specific management information area. A management information obtaining part obtains the management information relating to the data recording from the specific management information area designated in the received obtaining request.

Abstract: On an information recording medium, a recording area is divided in a plurality of data areas, and data is recorded on each of the data areas. In response to a request for obtaining data management information concerning a recording of the data recorded on each of the data areas, a plurality of predetermined data areas among the foregoing data areas are regarded as a predetermined pseudo area, and the data management information including information concerning the predetermined pseudo area is obtained.

Abstract: A data storage apparatus, including a controller that formats a rewritable recording medium in the background, interrupts the background formatting when a host computer requests to store data in the rewritable recording medium, stores the data in the rewritable recording medium after interrupting the background formatting, revises control information stored in a predetermined region of the rewritable recording medium after storing the data, and resumes the background formatting after revising the control information. The data storage apparatus according can revise control information indicating the address up to which the background formatting has been performed and the address of an unformatted recording region in which user data have been recorded, for example, at an appropriate timing during the background formatting.

Abstract: A data storage apparatus, which can format a recording medium in the background, that verifies data written in a designated region of the recording medium if the designated region has not yet been certified in the background, and writes the data in an alterative region of the recording medium if the designated region is found defective. Since the data storage apparatus either certifies the designated region of the recording medium or verifies the data written in the designated region, the data storage apparatus can enhance the reliability of the data written in the recording medium, but the data storage apparatus does not waste time by verifying the designated region of the recording medium two times or more.

Abstract: A method for storing and reproducing information in rewritable recording media, which is used for an information storage apparatus having a plurality of rotation modes of the rewritable recording media and capable of storing and reproducing information while it is formatting the rewritable recording media.

Abstract: The present invention provides a conductive connecting structure exhibiting satisfactory connecting performance to connect a conductive connecting tab being mounted on a battery element to a battery case, said conductive connecting table of the battery is connected to inner wall surface of the battery case or to inner surface of the battery housing, said conductive connecting tab with a plurality of bumps for projection welding is positioned face-to-face to inner wall surface of the battery case or to inner surface of the battery housing, and projection welding is performed to connect the tab.

Abstract: An information reproducing method includes the steps o of reading information from an information medium that is rotated, and determining a rotation velocity of the information medium on the basis of a data transfer rate based on a specification of a read request.

Abstract: In an information signal recording and reproducing apparatus, reproduced data is equalized by an equalizer and a clock signal synchronized in phase with the reproduced data is generated. An equalizing characteristic of the equalizer is controlled according to a difference in frequency between the clock signal and the reproduced data, and a generating operation for the clock signal is controlled according to a phase difference between the clock signal and the reproduced data. The clock signal thus can be stably generated without being affected by variations of temperature and variations due to aging. The equalizer thus has an adequate equalizing characteristic. The apparatus includes a recording mode and a reproduction mode. In the recording mode, a recording clock signal is generated by a clock signal generating circuit and a digital signal is recorded by using the recording clock signal.

Abstract: Since components constituting a driving unit for pressure application shaft are integrally assembled with one another, and the driving unit for pressure application shaft is integrally fixed to a housing body, the precious driving unit for pressure application shaft can be obtained with ease, and consequently, it is possible to provide the precious driving unit for pressure application shaft in a welding apparatus at low cost.

Abstract: An apparatus is arranged to perform an equalizing process for equalizing an input signal including a video signal, to obtain a reproduced video signal by performing reproducing processes on the signal equalized and to vary the equalizing characteristic of the equalizing process during a period other than a period during which the reproduced video signal is in process of being obtained. The arrangement enables the apparatus to prevent the reproduced video signal from being affected by changes of the equalizing characteristic and to optimize the equalizing characteristic without impairing the quality of reproduced images.

Abstract: A reproduction apparatus for reproducing data, from a magnetic recording medium on which digital data is recorded, using a magnetic head, which includes a head amplifier which amplifies a reproduced signal obtained from the magnetic head, and has controllable resonance characteristics at least with respect to the magnetic head; an error correction decoding circuit for performing error correction by performing error detection of the reproduced signal obtained from the head amplifier; and a head amplifier control circuit for controlling the resonance characteristics of the head amplifier on the basis of an error detection signal obtained from the error correction decoding circuit.

Abstract: A medicament which comprises as an active ingredient a weakly basic anion exchange resin chelating with ferric ions, preferably a polyamine-type or an acrylic-type resin. The medicament has excellent adsorbability and selectivity to phosphate ions and efficiently adsorb phosphate ions in vivo, and accordingly, is useful for therapeutic and/or preventive treatment of hyperphosphatemia.

Abstract: A specific pattern in an inputted digital signal is detected and the input digital signal is sampled and held in accordance with such a detection output. A clock whose phase is synchronized with the input digital signal is generated on the basis of the sampling output. With such a construction as mentioned above, the phase of the clock can be optimally controlled by a simple construction. The clock can be precisely extracted from the input digital signal, so that the operation of a circuit is also stable.