Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a lower electrode, an upper electrode, and a dielectric layer structure between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, the dielectric layer structure including a first surface facing the lower electrode and a second surface facing the upper electrode. The dielectric layer structure includes a first dielectric layer including a first dielectric material and a plurality of grains extending from the first surface to the second surface and a second dielectric layer including a second dielectric material and surrounding a portion of a sidewall of each of the plurality of grains of the first dielectric layer in a level lower than the second surface. The second dielectric material includes a material having bandgap energy which is higher than bandgap energy of the first dielectric material.

Abstract: Provided a semiconductor device comprises, a plurality of semiconductor patterns spaced in a first direction; a plurality of mold insulating layers between the plurality of semiconductor patterns, a plurality of silicide patterns contacting the plurality of semiconductor patterns; and a plurality of first metal conductive films between the plurality of mold insulating layers and connected to each of the silicide patterns, wherein each of the silicide patterns includes a first sidewall that faces the semiconductor pattern, and a second sidewall which faces the first metal conductive film, the first sidewall of the silicide pattern and the second sidewall of the silicide pattern extends in the first direction, and the first sidewall of the silicide pattern and the second sidewall of the silicide pattern are curved surfaces.

Abstract: The pressing apparatus for a battery cell includes a frame, a plurality of plates movably installed in the frame in a first direction and arranged to face each other in the first direction to form accommodating space, a lead contact member including a charge-discharge plate electrically connected to an electrode lead of a battery cell for at least one of charging and discharging of the battery cell accommodated in the accommodating space, and a moving unit connected to the lead contact member so that the lead contact member is movable in the first direction is provided. The moving unit may move between a first position in which the lead contact member is disposed inside the plurality of plates in the first direction and a second position in which the lead contact member is disposed outside the plurality of plates in the first direction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically transferring a pattern to a surface of a steering wheel, automating a series of hydraulic pressure transfer steps, such as steering wheel supply, hydraulic pressure transfer, drying, and cleaning. Since a series of hydraulic pressure transfer processes, such as steering wheel supply, first transfer to the front surface portion of a rim of a steering wheel, removing of foreign material, drying, second transfer to the rear surface portion of a rim of a steering wheel, first cleaning, and second cleaning, are automated, processing time is saved and labor costs are reduced, improving productivity.

Abstract: A liquid pressure transfer printing on a steering wheel rim of an automobile, using a transfer printing sheet having different patterns or brightness at left and right sides, is achieved by preparing a transfer printing sheet for a front surface where patterns having a predetermined shape are arranged at all positions corresponding to transfer printing positions on the front surface of the steering wheel rim, using computer graphics, so that the patterns can be concurrently transfer-printed at transfer printing positions, preparing transfer printing sheets for part of a rear surface where patterns of a predetermined shape are independently arranged to correspond to positions of the patterns of a predetermined shape of the transfer printing sheet for the front surface, using computer graphics, so that transfer printing can be performed without interference on the rear surface of the steering wheel rim where a steering column attachment portion protrudes, performing transfer printing on all transfer printing po

Abstract: A steering wheel rim for an automobile is manufactured by attaching a masking tape to a boundary portion of the steering wheel rim, marking a conjunction line using a blade in a middle portion the masking tape and detaching a lower half portion of the masking tape, covering an upper portion of the masking tape with a protective masking tape, performing transfer printing on a surface lower than the conjunction line, cleaning and drying the transfer-printed surface, and removing the masking tape and the protective masking tape. Another masking tape is attached to a first transfer printing boundary portion of the steering wheel rim, a separation line is marked using a blade at a position about 0.05-0.2 mm lower than the conjunction line and removing the upper half of the masking tape is removed, the lower portion of the masking tape is covered with another protective masking tape, and transfer printing is performed on an upper surface above the conjunction line.

Abstract: A liquid pressure transfer print method for printing a steering wheel rim of an automobile includes lowering the steering wheel rim up to a boundary line of a primary transfer print portion, without attaching a mask member to the other side surface of the steering wheel rim, opposite to the primary transfer print portion, after floating the transfer print film on liquid, half drying the polyvinyl alcohol layer on the primary transfer print portion of the steering wheel rim for a predetermined time and at a predetermined rate so the polyvinyl alcohol layer at a first transfer print surface is dried to a gel state, flipping the steering wheel rim and lowering the other side surface to beyond the boundary line, and soaking the steering wheel rim having the entire surface transfer printed in a solution and cleaning the polyvinyl alcohol layers by spraying the solution against the surface of the steering wheel rim.

Abstract: A steering wheel rim (22) for an automobile by using a liquid pressure transfer printing methods is manufactured by attaching masking tape (18) to a boudary portion of the steering wheel rim to be separately transfer-printed, marking a conjunction line (8a) by using a blade (25) in the middle portion the masking tape and detaching a lower half portion of the masking tape, covering an upper portion of the masking tape, performing transfer printing a surface lower than the conjunction line and cleaning and drying the transfer-printed surface and removing the masking tape and a protective masking tape (18c), secondly attaching another masking tape to a first transfer printing boundary portion of the steering wheel rim, marking a separation line (8b) by using a blade at a position about 0.05-0.

Abstract: A liquid pressure transfer printing method for a steering wheel rim of an automobile, using a transfer printing sheet having different patterns or brightness at the left and right sides thereof, is achieved by preparing a transfer printing sheet for a front surface where patterns having a predetermined shape are arranged at all positions corresponding to transfer printing positions on the front surface of the core of the steering wheel rim by using computer graphics so that the patterns can be concurrently transfer-printed at the transfer printing positions, preparing transfer printing sheets for part of a rear surface where patterns of a predetermined shape are independently arranged to correspond to positions of the patterns of a predetermined shape of the transfer printing sheet for the front surface by using computer graphics so that transfer printing can be performed without interference on the rear surface of the core of the steering wheel rim where a steering column attachment portion protrudes, perfor

Abstract: In a transcribing method for making a steering wheel rim of an automobile using water pressure and a printed transcribing sheet having a different pattern or brightness at the left and right sides, two symmetrical printed transcribing sheets are prepared using computer graphics for fitting to the steering wheel rim. In a first transcribing step, a first sheet is transcribed using a masking method. The surface where the first transcribing is performed is cleaned and masked, and the steering wheel rim is rotated by 180°. In a second transcribing step, on the surface of the steering wheel where no transcribing has been performed, a second printed transcribing sheet is transcribed to the steering wheel rim.

Abstract: A liquid pressure transfer print method for a steering wheel rim of an automobile is achieved by lowering the steering wheel rim within a predetermined time up to a boundary line of a primary transfer print portion without attaching an additional mask member to the other side surface of the steering wheel rim opposite to the primary transfer print portion after floating the transfer print film on liquid (a first transfer print step), half drying the polyvinyl alcohol layer coated on the primary transfer print portion of the steering wheel rim in the first transfer print step, for a predetermined time and at a predetermined rate (a half drying step), when the polyvinyl alcohol layer at the outer side of a first transfer print surface in the half drying step is dried in a gal state, flipping the steering wheel rim and lowering the other side surface to be transfer printed over the boundary line within a predetermined time (a second transfer print step), and soaking the steering wheel rim having the entire surfa

Abstract: A rim of a steering wheel is manufactured by forming a molded member of a urethane material as a part of the rim of a steering wheel; attaching a first mask member to a part of a surface of the molded member; forming a first transfer surface by hydraulic transfer onto a surface where the first mask member is not present; forming a film on the first transfer surface; removing the first mask member to reveal a surface where transfer has not occurred; performing a second hydraulic transfer onto the surface where transfer has not occurred; and cleaning the film. Thus, a clear pattern can be formed without overlapping or unsmooth matching of a pattern of a transfer film.