Abstract: An automatic payment system includes: first and second conveyer stages arranged along a conveying route on which products are moved; a slope disposed between the first and second conveyer stages on the conveying route; at least one first ID sensor facing the first conveyer stage to sense IDs attached to the products when the products overlap the first conveyer stage; at least one second ID sensor facing the second conveyer stage to sense IDs attached to the products when the products overlap the second conveyer stage; and a bottom ID sensor facing the conveyer route under the slope.

Abstract: A semiconductor device manufacturing method includes providing a first layer having a first surface, providing a second layer including a trench that exposes the first surface, onto the first layer, forming a first polymer layer that fills the trench, and performing a heat treatment process on the first polymer layer to form a second polymer layer. A second surface of the second layer is exposed by the trench, the first polymer layer includes a first portion being in contact with the first surface, and a second portion being in contact with the second surface, when the heat treatment process is performed, the first portion of the first polymer layer is decomposed, when the heat treatment process is performed, the second portion of the first polymer layer is cross-linked to form the second polymer layer, and physical properties of the first layer are different from physical properties of the second layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a battery state estimation method and apparatus, the method including selecting sensing data of a portion of batteries, transmitting the selected sensing data to at least one estimator among estimators, transmitting sensing data of a remaining portion of the batteries to a remaining estimator among the estimators, and determining state information of the batteries using the estimators.

Abstract: A battery optimization method and apparatus is provided. The battery optimization method includes selectively adjusting a parameter set related to a corresponding SoC section among a plurality of parameters of an electrochemical thermal (ECT) model based on operating data of each SoC section, and updating the plurality of parameters of the ECT model based on adjusted parameter sets.

Abstract: Provided are battery management apparatuses and methods. The battery management apparatus includes a converter configured to acquire and convert information of a battery cell, an antenna configured to transmit the converted information to an adjacent battery cell and to receive converted information of the adjacent battery cell, in response to a command of a controller, and a coil configured to wirelessly charge or discharge the adjacent battery cell, in response to another command of the controller, wherein the controller is configured to control the wireless charging or the wireless discharging based on information of the adjacent battery cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a battery state estimation method and apparatus, the method including selecting sensing data of a portion of batteries, transmitting the selected sensing data to at least one estimator among estimators, transmitting sensing data of a remaining portion of the batteries to a remaining estimator among the estimators, and determining state information of the batteries using the estimators.

Abstract: Disclosed is a battery state estimation method and apparatus, the method including selecting sensing data of a portion of batteries, transmitting the selected sensing data to at least one estimator among estimators, transmitting sensing data of a remaining portion of the batteries to a remaining estimator among the estimators, and determining state information of the batteries using the estimators.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method to detect a battery fault includes obtaining first states of detection targets in a battery, generating a representative state based on the first states, generating second states by applying the representative state to each of the first states, generating one or more third states by amplifying at least a portion of the second states, and detecting for a fault of the battery based on the one or more third states.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus of charging a battery of a vehicle using a regenerative braking. A device for charging a second vehicle using a first vehicle includes a roller apparatus configured to transmit, to the second vehicle, a rotational force generated in response to a rotation of a wheel of the first vehicle; a controller configured to control a gear ratio of the roller apparatus; and a transmission configured to change the gear ratio in response to an instruction of the controller.

Abstract: An electrical polarization filter, an electronic apparatus including the electrical polarization filter, and a method of operating the electronic apparatus are provided. The electrical polarization filter includes a liquid crystal panel configured to control a polarization angle of incident light and a polarization unit configured to display a linear polarization characteristic. The liquid crystal panel includes first and second transparent plates, first and second electrodes provided between the first transparent plate and the second transparent plate, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the incident light directly enters one of the first and second transparent plate provided on an outer side. The polarization unit may be a passive type polarization unit or an active type polarization unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a battery state estimation method and apparatus, the method including selecting sensing data of a portion of batteries, transmitting the selected sensing data to at least one estimator among estimators, transmitting sensing data of a remaining portion of the batteries to a remaining estimator among the estimators, and determining state information of the batteries using the estimators.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus of charging a battery of a vehicle using a regenerative braking. A device for charging a second vehicle using a first vehicle includes a roller apparatus configured to transmit, to the second vehicle, a rotational force generated in response to a rotation of a wheel of the first vehicle; a controller configured to control a gear ratio of the roller apparatus; and a transmission configured to change the gear ratio in response to an instruction of the controller.

Abstract: Provided are battery management apparatuses and methods. The battery management apparatus includes a converter configured to acquire and convert information of a battery cell, an antenna configured to transmit the converted information to an adjacent battery cell and to receive converted information of the adjacent battery cell, in response to a command of a controller, and a coil configured to wirelessly charge or discharge the adjacent battery cell, in response to another command of the controller, wherein the controller is configured to control the wireless charging or the wireless discharging based on information of the adjacent battery cell.

Abstract: The electric pen device includes an optical system including a lens and an image sensor configured to convert an image signal of light that has passed through the optical system to an electrical signal. The electric pen device includes a control board configured to interact with an electronic device and a communication module configured to communicate by wire or wirelessly with the electronic device, so that an image or a picture taken by a camera is confirmed and an optical zoom is controlled from the external electronic device.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method to detect a battery fault includes obtaining first states of detection targets in a battery, generating a representative state based on the first states, generating second states by applying the representative state to each of the first states, generating one or more third states by amplifying at least a portion of the second states, and detecting for a fault of the battery based on the one or more third states.

Abstract: The electric pen device includes an optical system including a lens and an image sensor configured to convert an image signal of light that has passed through the optical system to an electrical signal. The electric pen device includes a control board configured to interact with an electronic device and a communication module configured to communicate by wire or wirelessly with the electronic device, so that an image or a picture taken by a camera is confirmed and an optical zoom is controlled from the external electronic device.

Abstract: An electrical polarization filter, an electronic apparatus including the electrical polarization filter, and a method of operating the electronic apparatus are provided. The electrical polarization filter includes a liquid crystal panel configured to control a polarization angle of incident light and a polarization unit configured to display a linear polarization characteristic. The liquid crystal panel includes first and second transparent plates, first and second electrodes provided between the first transparent plate and the second transparent plate, and a liquid crystal layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the incident light directly enters one of the first and second transparent plate provided on an outer side. The polarization unit may be a passive type polarization unit or an active type polarization unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of detecting eyes from an input face image. The apparatus for detecting eyes includes: an eye candidate detector which divides an input face image into left and right images and detects at least one eye candidate from limited image regions of the left and right images; an eye candidate evaluator which evaluates the eye candidates by evaluating each combination of the eye candidates using geometric information as to the eye candidates to filter out eye candidates that cannot be eyes; a learning database which stores a plurality of face images in which positions of eyes are arranged and a plurality of face images which do not include eyes or in which positions of eyes are not arranged; and an eye candidate verifier which verifies the eye candidates with reference to the learning database and outputs an eye detection result signal.

Abstract: A face recognition apparatus and method. The face recognition apparatus includes: a face database (face DB) which stores information of a plurality of registered persons and which stores a plurality of facial images of each registered person; a face retrieval unit which performs a face retrieval of an input facial image with reference to the face DB and outputs confidence values of the stored facial images; a candidate selection unit which determines candidates, which are selected among the facial images stored in the face DB on the basis of the confidence values; and a face verification unit which compares feature vectors of the input facial image and feature vectors of images corresponding to each candidate one by one and recognizes the input facial image.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for detecting an occluded face and an apparatus and method for discriminating an illegal user using the same. The apparatus for detecting an occluded face includes a smoothing unit, a region division unit, a first region detection unit, a second region detection unit, and a decision unit. The smoothing unit smoothes a facial region. The region division unit divides the smoothed facial region into a first region and a second region. The first region detection unit generates a first region detection result by detecting whether the first region is an occluded region. The second region detection unit generates a second region detection result by detecting whether the first region is an occluded region. The decision unit decides whether the facial region is an occluded face based on the first region detection result and the second region detection result.