Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a substrate, a first nanowire, a second nanowire, a first gate insulating layer, a second gate insulating layer, a first metal layer and a second metal layer. The first gate insulating layer may be along a periphery of the first nanowire. The second gate insulating layer may be along a periphery of the second nanowire. The first metal layer may be on a top surface of the first gate insulating layer along the periphery of the first nanowire. The first metal layer may have a first crystal grain size. The second metal layer may be on a top surface of the second gate insulating layer along the periphery of the second nanowire. The second metal layer may have a second crystal grain size different from the first crystal grain size.

Abstract: A method for transmitting, by a host, a notification to a subscriber may include: setting a plurality of subscription conditions based on a cross resource; detecting each event that satisfies each of the plurality of subscription conditions; and, when all the plurality of subscription conditions are satisfied, transmitting a notification for the cross resource to the subscriber. The plurality of subscription conditions may have a priority order.

Abstract: A method for performing resource offloading in an M2M system is provided. The method is performed based on an offloaded resource and offloaded attributes. The method includes generating an offloading request message that requests offloading of a source resource. In response to the offloading request message, offloading the source resource for which the offloading is requested. An offloaded resource is then generated using the offloaded source resource. Herein, the offloaded resource includes synchronization modes designating synchronization methods with the offloaded source resource as offloaded attributes.

Abstract: The present invention may provide a method of managing, by a vehicle, a sensor. Herein, a method of managing, by a vehicle, a sensor may include: monitoring state information of a first sensor of a first vehicle; when the first sensor is abnormal, determining whether or not a second sensor performs the function of the first sensor; when the second sensor performs the function of the first sensor, reporting information representing that second sensor performs the function of the first sensor; and receiving sensing data from the second sensor.

Abstract: A message processing method performed by a machine-to-machine (M2M) apparatus in an M2M system includes steps of: generating a request message to be transmitted to an M2M entity; transmitting the generated request message to the M2M entity; and receiving a response message for the request message from the M2M entity, where the request message, as a request for a scheduling resource, requests a reservation for the M2M entity or requests a periodic notification.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are configured to receive and transmit a periodic notification in a machine-to-machine (M2M) system. The method includes steps of: receiving a subscription request message requesting a periodic notification for a specific resource from an M2M entity; and periodically transmitting a notification message to the M2M entity according to the subscription request message, wherein the notification message is periodically transmitted irrespective of whether the specific resource changes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing an edge transfer according to the movement of a device are provided. The method includes receiving a handover decision and handover information from a network, when a device performs the handover and a network function virtualization instance of the source edge is transferred to the target edge. The method then transfers an M2M service instance of the source edge to an M2M edge node.

Abstract: A method for operating a machine-to-machine (M2M) device in an M2M system includes generating a request message including information associated to deletion of a resource, the deletion being performed in response to an operation, and transmitting the request message to a counterpart M2M device. The information includes at least one of information notifying that the resource is deleted in response to the operation, information indicating the resource, information indicating at least one operation that is a condition of the deletion, information indicating content of the condition, or information for identifying an entity that performs an operation causing the deletion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of performing group management in a machine-to-machine (M2M) system. Herein, the group management method may include controlling a group member included in a group based on a group resource.

Abstract: The present invention may provide a method of managing, by a vehicle, a sensor. Herein, a method of managing, by a vehicle, a sensor may include: monitoring state information of a first sensor of a first vehicle; when the first sensor is abnormal, determining whether or not a second sensor performs the function of the first sensor; when the second sensor performs the function of the first sensor, reporting information representing that second sensor performs the function of the first sensor; and receiving sensing data from the second sensor.

Abstract: A method for performing resource offloading in an M2M system is provided. The method is performed based on an offloaded resource and offloaded attributes. The method includes generating an offloading request message that requests offloading of a source resource. In response to the offloading request message, the method includes offloading the source resource for which the offloading is requested. An offloaded resource is generated using the offloaded source resource. Herein, the offloaded resource includes synchronization modes designating synchronization methods with the offloaded source resource as offloaded attributes.

Abstract: A method for performing resource offloading in an M2M system is provided. The method is performed based on an offloaded resource and offloaded attributes. The method includes generating an offloading request message that requests offloading of a source resource. In response to the offloading request message, offloading the source resource for which the offloading is requested. An offloaded resource is then generated using the offloaded source resource. Herein, the offloaded resource includes synchronization modes designating synchronization methods with the offloaded source resource as offloaded attributes.

Abstract: A method for transmitting, by a host, a notification to a subscriber may include: setting a plurality of subscription conditions based on a cross resource; detecting each event that satisfies each of the plurality of subscription conditions; and, when all the plurality of subscription conditions are satisfied, transmitting a notification for the cross resource to the subscriber. The plurality of subscription conditions may have a priority order.

Abstract: The present invention may provide a method of managing, by a vehicle, a sensor. Herein, a method of managing, by a vehicle, a sensor may include: monitoring state information of a first sensor of a first vehicle; when the first sensor is abnormal, determining whether or not a second sensor performs the function of the first sensor; when the second sensor performs the function of the first sensor, reporting information representing that second sensor performs the function of the first sensor; and receiving sensing data from the second sensor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of performing group management in a machine-to-machine (M2M) system. Herein, the group management method may include controlling a group member included in a group based on a group resource.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are configured to receive and transmit a periodic notification in a machine-to-machine (M2M) system. The method includes steps of: receiving a subscription request message requesting a periodic notification for a specific resource from an M2M entity; and periodically transmitting a notification message to the M2M entity according to the subscription request message, wherein the notification message is periodically transmitted irrespective of whether the specific resource changes.

Abstract: A message processing method performed by a machine-to-machine (M2M) apparatus in an M2M system includes steps of: generating a request message to be transmitted to an M2M entity; transmitting the generated request message to the M2M entity; and receiving a response message for the request message from the M2M entity, where the request message, as a request for a scheduling resource, requests a reservation for the M2M entity or requests a periodic notification.

Abstract: A method and device are configured to handle an incompatible request message in a machine-to-machine (M2M) system. The method is performed by a machine-to-machine (M2M) apparatus in the M2M system, and includes steps of: receiving at least one incompatible request message; processing the incompatible request message according to a message handling policy; and transmitting at least one response message corresponding to the incompatible request message.

Abstract: The present disclosure may provide a method of transmitting, by a vehicle, data in a system using IoT. Herein, a method transmitting, by a vehicle, data may include: sensing data; and transmitting sensed data. Herein, when duplicated data is included in the sensed data, the sensed data may be transmitted by reducing a size thereof on the basis of the duplicated data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing an edge transfer according to the movement of a device are provided. The method includes receiving a handover decision and handover information from a network, when a device performs the handover and a network function virtualization instance of the source edge is transferred to the target edge. The method then transfers an M2M service instance of the source edge to an M2M edge node.