Abstract: An oil pan for an internal combustion engine having an engine lubrication system. The oil pan comprises a shallow bottom section and a sump section. A guide plate is secured at an inner surface to which a crankshaft splashes lubrication oil carried into the shallow bottom section. The guide plate having an inclined and a guide parts extends generally along the axis of the crankshaft and extends generally parallel with a horizontal plane. The inclined part which gradually becomes high in level in the direction toward the sump is continuously connected to the inclined part to be formed in a generally arcuate shape. Therefore, the splashed oil at the inner surface cannot over the guide plate, and the oil is positively returned into the sump section by the guide plate. Accordingly, lubrication in this engine is smoothly carried out without causing a lack of the oil in the sump section.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is equipped with a crankcase ventilation system in which fresh air flows through a crankcase. The cylinder block of the engine is formed with a fresh air suction port whose one end is opened to the chamber of a crankcase in order to establish communication between a rocker cover chamber and the crankcase chamber. The one end of the fresh air suction port is located in the vicinity of the peripheral surface of a counterweight of a crankshaft. The rotation of the counterweight develops vacuum thereby to suck fresh air from the rocker cover chamber through the fresh air suction port into the crankcase chamber, thereby effecting ventilation in the crankcase.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a receiver and a receiving method for spread spectrum communication for use in the digital communication system. The receiver basically comprises a receiving circuit, a spread signal distributing circuit, a pseudo noise signal generating circuit, an activating circuit, correlation detecting circuits, an initial seizing control circuit, a synchronization sustaining control circuit, a synchronization control circuit and a demodulating circuit. If a phase lock condition is broken within a short period of time, such condition is sustained until phase lock is recovered so that communication can be started again immediately after phase lock is recovered without initialization for each asynchronization. The receiving circuit is very much simplified and particularly, the Costas Loop demodulating circuit detects the phase lock condition when the signal obtained by multiplying the signal of which phase is shifted by 90.degree.

Abstract: A high frequency amplifier is mounted in the immediate vicinity of a feeder of a microstrip antenna. A microstrip antenna includes a dielectric member and a grounded conductor member which is applied thereto. A second dielectric member is disposed on the side of the grounded conductor member which faces away from the dielectric member, and the high frequency amplifier is mounted on the surface of the second dielectric member which faces away from the grounded conductor member, and is connected to the feeder of the microstrip antenna. A transmission distance between the feeder and the high frequency amplifier, which represents an initial amplifier stage, is greatly reduced, thus drastically reducing disturbances caused by external noises and improving the noise figure of a receiving equipment.

Abstract: A control over data transmission and reception which is utilized in remotely controlled electronic vehicle lock system. During the standby mode, the power dissipation in a receiver is reduced to a required minimum level, while when a radio wave is received, the supply of power is automatically switched to enable the receiver for its proper functioning. A transmitter delivers a carrier for a given time interval in response to a switch being turned on, and then transmits a modulated wave which includes a switch code and an identification code. By utilizing a frequency modulation, the presence or absence of a wave being received is determined in accordance with noise level which appears at the demolulator output. When the presence of a wave being received is determined, the supply of power is switched, and is then maintained for a given time interval.

Abstract: In the event of an accident encountered by a vehicle, an emergency signal is automatically transmitted for asking a rescue. An acceleration of the vehicle in the inclination of the vehicle and the presence or absence of water within the vehicle are detected, and an emergency signal is transmitted whenever one of these items indicates the occurrence of an abnormality. A plurality of antennae are disposed at mutually different locations on the vehicle, and are selectively used for transmission of an emergency signal. The antenna selected is periodically and sequentially changed.

Abstract: The arm on which the idler pulley is supported as well as the tensioner which biases the arm to tension a timing belt or the like are both mounted on a common base plate. The plate is pivotally supported on the engine block and selectively secureable in a desired position. A stopper mechanism which can be used to temporarily disable the biasing and damping functions of the tensioner enables automatic tension setting.

Abstract: A process for producing acrylic acid or methacrylic acid by reacting acetic acid or propionic acid with formaldehyde in a gas phase is described, characterized by carrying out the reaction in the presence of a solid catalyst containing at least one of boron oxide or phosphorus oxide and having an acid site of an acid strength, pKa.ltoreq.-3.0. The solid catalyst is of high activity and is satisfactory in both selectivity and conversion and, furthermore, its high selectivity can be maintained for long periods of time. Thus the desired product, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, can be produced in high yield.

Abstract: A safety device to prevent a vehicle-loaded electronic equipment from malfunctioning due to an influence of the high-level electric field. An antenna pattern for detecting the electric field is formed on the same printed board as the electronic equipment, and an electric signal level of the output from the antenna pattern is determined. When the determined level reaches a level at which the electronic equipment may malfunction, the equipment is forcibly controlled toward a safety range of operation.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for energizing an electric motor for forward or reverse rotation, which motor operative to open or close a side window pane of a door or a sun roof panel of an automobile. The motor is energized for forward or reverse rotation in accordance with the status of a pressure sensitive switch which is mounted on a window frame to detect the presence of an object or hand and an operation of up/down command changeover switches. If the presence of an object is detected by the sensor during the forward rotation of the motor which is effective to close the window pane, a self-hold circuit is triggered or set, and the motor is energized for reverse rotation. The motor is deenergized at a given time interval after the sensor has ceased to detect the object. The motor remains at rest as long as the self-hold circuit is set. In certain embodiments, the self-hold circuit is reset when up command changeover switch is moved from its up position to its non-operative position.