Abstract: In an apparatus, a gas containing CH4 and CO2 is supplied from a first supply unit to a synthetic gas production unit which generates a synthetic gas containing CO and H2 while heating a first catalytic structure; the synthetic gas is supplied to a gas production unit which generates a lower olefin-containing gas including propylene while heating a second catalytic structure; and a detection unit detects propylene discharged from the gas production unit. The first catalytic structure includes first supports having a porous structure and a first metal fine particle that is present in first channels of the first supports. The second catalyst structure includes second supports having a porous structure and a second metal fine particle in the second supports. The second supports have a second channels, a portion of which have an average inner diameter of 0.95 nm or less.

Abstract: The optical scanning device includes a swingable reflector; a blocking unit that is provided in the reflector to move in linkage with the reflector; and a sensor unit that includes at least a first sensor unit and a second sensor unit, wherein each of the first and second sensor units includes an output unit, which is a light generator or an electromagnetic wave generator configured to output a detection target and a detection unit, which is a light receiver or an electromagnetic wave receiver configured to detect the detection target. The output unit is at a position that faces the detection unit. When the reflector is in a predetermined swing angle range, the blocking plate blocks a path of the detection target between the output unit and the detection unit.

Abstract: A vibrating element includes a conductive first frame including a first beam portion and a first support portion supporting one end of the first beam portion, a conductive second frame that includes a second beam portion and a second support portion supporting one end of the second beam portion and is disposed separated from the first frame, an oscillating body that is disposed between another end of the first beam portion and another end of the second beam portion and connects the first beam portion and the second beam portion in an insulated state, and a power-consuming member that is installed on the oscillating body and is supplied with power via the first frame and the second frame.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a reflector that is pivotable, a light-emitter that emits a detection light toward the reflector, a detector that receives the detection light reflected at the reflector, and a light-blocking unit that includes a slit wherethrough the detection light passes. The light-blocking unit is disposed on an optical path whereby the detection light reflected from the reflector advances to the detector. The slit has an aspect ratio where a length of the slit in a direction in which the optical path extends relative to a length of the slit in a width direction is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. The width direction is along a pivoting direction of the reflector, of an opening end portion of the slit. The detector is configured to detect a pivot angle of the reflector by receiving the detection light that passes through the slit.

Abstract: The optical scanning device includes a swingable reflector; a blocking unit that is provided in the reflector to move in linkage with the reflector; and a sensor unit that includes at least a first sensor unit and a second sensor unit, wherein each of the first and second sensor units includes an output unit, which is a light generator or an electromagnetic wave generator configured to output a detection target and a detection unit, which is a light receiver or an electromagnetic wave receiver configured to detect the detection target. The output unit is at a position that faces the detection unit. When the reflector is in a predetermined swing angle range, the blocking plate blocks a path of the detection target between the output unit and the detection unit.

Abstract: A laser device includes a light source that emits light; a first reflector that reflects the light toward a predetermined range; a second reflector that reflects the light reflected from the predetermined range; a light receiver that receives the light reflected by the second reflector; a driver that swings the first and the second reflector in an angular range corresponding to the predetermined range; and a calculator that: stores first information about the light reflected by the first reflector toward the predetermined range and second information about the light received by the light receiver; and measures movement speed and movement direction of a target reflecting the light from the first reflector based on the first and the second information.

Abstract: Provided is an optical scanning device. The optical scanning device includes a swingable reflection unit; a blocking unit that is provided in the reflection unit to move in linkage with the reflection unit; and a sensor unit that includes an output unit configured to output a detection target and a detection unit configured to detect the detection target, wherein, when the reflection unit is in a predetermined swing angle range, the blocking unit blocks a path of the detection target between the output unit and the detection unit.

Abstract: A position detecting apparatus includes a light-transmitting mirror that pivots around a pivot shaft and reflects measuring light from a light source; a light-receiving mirror that pivots around the pivot shaft and reflects returning light from an object; and a light-receiving element that receives the returning light from the light-receiving mirror. When the light-transmitting mirror and the light-receiving mirror are at rest, a first mirror angle between a mirror surface of the light-receiving mirror and a direction from the pivot shaft to the light-receiving element is larger than a second mirror angle between a mirror surface of the light-transmitting mirror and the direction.

Abstract: A laser device includes a transmitter that emits a light, a first reflector that pivotally reflects the light by a shaft, a light receiver provided apart from the transmitter in a first direction parallel to the shaft, a guide part that receives the light from the first reflector and changes a direction of the light in the first direction, and a second reflector that reflects a returning light from an object and pivots in sync with the first reflector.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a reflector that is pivotable, a light-emitter that emits a detection light toward the reflector, a detector that receives the detection light reflected at the reflector, and a light-blocking unit that includes a slit wherethrough the detection light passes. The light-blocking unit is disposed on an optical path whereby the detection light reflected from the reflector advances to the detector. The slit has an aspect ratio where a length of the slit in a direction in which the optical path extends relative to a length of the slit in a width direction is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. The width direction is along a pivoting direction of the reflector, of an opening end portion of the slit. The detector is configured to detect a pivot angle of the reflector by receiving the detection light that passes through the slit.

Abstract: A vibrating element includes a conductive first frame including a first beam portion and a first support portion supporting one end of the first beam portion, a conductive second frame that includes a second beam portion and a second support portion supporting one end of the second beam portion and is disposed separated from the first frame, an oscillating body that is disposed between another end of the first beam portion and another end of the second beam portion and connects the first beam portion and the second beam portion in an insulated state, and a power-consuming member that is installed on the oscillating body and is supplied with power via the first frame and the second frame.

Abstract: Provided is an optical scanning device. The optical scanning device includes a swingable reflection unit; a blocking unit that is provided in the reflection unit to move in linkage with the reflection unit; and a sensor unit that includes an output unit configured to output a detection target and a detection unit configured to detect the detection target, wherein, when the reflection unit is in a predetermined swing angle range, the blocking unit blocks a path of the detection target between the output unit and the detection unit.

Abstract: A laser rangefinder includes a light source, a scanning mirror that scans laser light emitted from the light source by oscillating about an axis of oscillation J extending in a predetermined direction, a first lens that is disposed on an optical path of reflected light from a target object and condenses the reflected light onto the scanning mirror, a second lens that is disposed on an optical path of and condenses reflected light from the scanning mirror, and a photodetector that receives the reflected light condensed by the second lens. The first lens and the second lens are disposed in positions other than positions on an optical path of the laser light between a point of emission from the light source and a point of exit from the laser rangefinder.

Abstract: A laser scanner includes a light source, a scanning mirror, and a first photodetector. The scanning mirror includes: a first reflective surface reflects the laser light from the light source; and a second reflective surface that reflects, toward the photodetector, the laser light reflected from the target object. The first reflective surface and at least part of the second reflective surface are disposed at mutually different angles. When a first optical axis passing through the target object and the first reflective surface is parallel with a second optical axis passing through the target object and the second reflective surface, a third optical axis passing through the first reflective surface and the light source and a fourth optical axis passing through the second reflective surface and the photodetector are at a predetermined angle relative to one another.

Abstract: A laser scanner includes: a light source; a scanning mirror that scans laser light emitted from the light source, toward a target object by oscillating about axis C; a photodetector that generates a photodetection signal upon receiving the laser light reflected from the target object; a controller that controls emission of the laser light by the light source, and that performs sampling on the photodetection signal; and a detector that detects an amount of displacement of the scanning mirror, and calculates a resonant frequency of the scanning mirror based on the amount of displacement detected. The controller determines a time at which the laser light is emitted from the light source and a time at which sampling is performed on the photodetection signal, based on the resonant frequency calculated.

Abstract: A laser device includes a light source that emits light; a first reflector that reflects the light toward a predetermined range; a second reflector that reflects the light reflected from the predetermined range; a light receiver that receives the light reflected by the second reflector; a driver that swings the first and the second reflector in an angular range corresponding to the predetermined range; and a calculator that: stores first information about the light reflected by the first reflector toward the predetermined range and second information about the light received by the light receiver; and measures movement speed and movement direction of a target reflecting the light from the first reflector based on the first and the second information.

Abstract: A laser rangefinder includes: a MEMS mirror that changes a traveling direction of laser light; a first photodetector that reflects a portion of the laser light directed in a predetermined direction by the MEMS mirror and receives another portion of the laser light; a second photodetector that receives first reflected light that is reflection of the laser light from a target object outside an enclosure and second reflected light that is reflection of the portion of the laser light from the first photodetector; and a signal processor that calculates a distance from the laser rangefinder to the target object by subtracting, from a first distance from the laser diode to the target object calculated using the first reflected light, a second distance from the laser diode to the first photodetector calculated using the second reflected light, and calculates a direction of the target object with respect to the laser rangefinder.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes a light source that outputs a laser light; a scanning unit that scans the laser light; a reflective member having a reflective surface that reflects the laser light; a light-receiving unit that receives a first reflected light reflected by the reflective member; and a signal processing unit that calculates a distance from the light source to the reflective surface using the first reflected light and determines a direction in which the laser light is output using the distance.

Abstract: A scanner apparatus includes: a scanner having a mirror that is driven into resonance in a first direction; a scanner holder holding the scanner and rotatable about an axis extending in a direction parallel to the first direction; and a driver that oscillates the scanner holder, and the scanner holder includes: a first holding portion holding the scanner; a second holding portion connected to the first holding portion and holding the driver; a connecting portion connected to the second holding portion; and an elastic portion connected to the connecting portion and having elasticity.

Abstract: A laser device includes a transmitter that emits a light, a first reflector that pivotally reflects the light by a shaft, a light receiver provided apart from the transmitter in a first direction parallel to the shaft, a guide part that receives the light from the first reflector and changes a direction of the light in the first direction, and a second reflector that reflects a returning light from an object and pivots in sync with the first reflector.