Abstract: A vehicle lighting apparatus includes a first housing, a second housing, two lamp bodies, and two external cameras. The first housing and the second housing are formed separately from each other, joined to be adjacent in the front-rear direction, and arranged to cover a portion of the upper portion of a vehicle interior. The first housing includes a box portion. The second housing includes a wall portion closing a second opening portion of the box portion. An upper first end portion and a lower second end portion at the peripheral edge of the second opening portion of the box portion are joined to an upper third end portion and a lower fourth end portion of the wall portion. The first end portion and the third end portion are arranged relatively closer to the first housing side than the second end portion and the fourth end portion in the front-rear direction.

Abstract: In learning processing performed before sample observation processing (steps S705 to S708), the sample observation device acquires a low-picture quality learning image under a first imaging condition for each defect position indicated by defect position information, determines an imaging count of a plurality of high-picture quality learning images associated with the low-picture quality learning image for each defect position and a plurality of imaging points based on a set value of the imaging count, acquires the plurality of high-picture quality learning images under a second imaging condition (step S702), learns a high-picture quality image estimation model using the low-picture quality learning image and the plurality of high-picture quality learning images (step S703), and adjusts a parameter related to the defect detection in the sample observation processing using the high-picture quality image estimation model (step S704).

Abstract: A car-loaded communication apparatus comprises: an acquisition part; and a selection part. The acquisition part acquires car information related to a state of a car in which a communication network is constructed inside, or an environment in which the car is placed. The selection part selects a communication route of a flow accommodating a transmission packet(s) from a plurality of communication routes included in the communication network, based on: the car information; and communication route information related to a communication route(s) included in the communication network.

Abstract: Provided is a learning method, a learning program, a learning device, and a learning system, for training a classification model, to further raise the correct answer rate of classification by the classification model. The learning method includes execution of generating one piece of composite data by compositing a plurality of pieces of training data of which classification has each been set, or a plurality of pieces of converted data obtained by converting the plurality of pieces of training data, at a predetermined ratio, inputting one or a plurality of pieces of the composite data into the classification model, and updating a parameter of the classification model so that classification of the plurality of pieces of training data included in the composite data is replicated at the predetermined ratio by output of the classification model, by a computer provided with at least one hardware processor and at least one memory.

Abstract: An unauthorized communication detection method detects an unauthorized communication message on an in-facility network over which at least two devices including a first device and a second device are communicably connected, and includes: receiving, from the first device, a communication message transmitted from the first device to the second device; obtaining, when the communication message is received from the first device, first information indicating a state of at least one of (a) a person in a facility and (b) the at least two devices, and determining whether to execute processing pertaining to a device control command that controls the second device when the communication message received from the first device is a communication message including the device control command, the determining being performed based on the first information; and executing the processing pertaining to the device control command when the determining determines to execute the processing.

Abstract: A radio-frequency module includes: a transmitting circuit disposed on a mounting substrate to process a radio-frequency signal input from a transmission terminal and to output a resultant signal to a common terminal; a receiving circuit disposed on the mounting substrate to process a radio-frequency signal input from the common terminal and to output a resultant signal to a reception terminal; a first inductor included in a first transmitting circuit; and a bonding wire connected to the ground and bridging over the first inductor.

Abstract: An encoder includes: an optical module that detects angular position information indicating an angular position of a rotating disk within one rotation thereof; a magnetic detecting unit that detects multi-rotation information indicating the number of rotations of the disk; a battery that supplies a power to the magnetic detecting unit when an external power is not supplied to the encoder; and a connector that connects connection terminals of the battery to a substrate to which at least one of the optical module and the magnetic detecting unit is connected, via solders in contact with the connection terminals.

Abstract: An engine control apparatus includes an ignition control section and an injection control section. When partial compression ignition combustion is carried out, the ignition control section causes an ignition plug to carry out: main ignition in which a spark is generated in a late period of a compression stroke or an initial period of a expansion stroke to initiate the SI combustion; and preceding ignition in which the spark is generated at earlier timing than the main ignition. Also, when the partial compression ignition combustion is carried out, the injection control section causes the injector to inject fuel at such timing that the fuel exists in a cylinder at an earlier time point than the preceding ignition. Energy of the preceding ignition is set to be lower when an in-cylinder temperature specified by an in-cylinder temperature specification section is high than when the in-cylinder temperature is low.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including a semiconductor substrate having oppositely facing first and second surfaces, the first surface being an active surface and provided with an electronic element thereon, a pad electrode to be connected to the electronic element in a peripheral portion of the electronic element on the active surface, a first opening extending from the second surface toward the pad electrode so as not to reach the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, a second opening formed to reach the pad electrode from a bottom surface of the first opening and having a diameter smaller than that of the first opening, an insulating layer formed to cover sidewall surfaces of the first opening and the second opening, and a conductive layer formed, inside of the insulating layer, to cover at least an inner wall surface of the insulating layer and a bottom surface of the second opening.

Abstract: A resist underlayer film material contains: one or more compounds shown by the following general formula (1); and an organic solvent. W represents an organic group with a valency of “n” having 2 to 50 carbon atoms; X represents a terminal group structure shown by the following general formula (2) or (3); when a ratio of the structure of the following general formula (2) to that of (3) is “a” to “b”, “a” and “b” satisfy the relations 0.70?a?0.99 and 0.01?b?0.30. “n” represents an integer of 1 to 10. Z represents an aromatic group with a valency of (k+1) having 6 to 20 carbon atoms. “A” represents a single bond or —O—(CH2)p—. “k” represents an integer of 1 to 5. “p” represents an integer of 1 to 10. L represents a single bond or —(CH2)r—. “1” represents 2 or 3; and “r” represents an integer of 1 to 5.

Abstract: The invention is provided with an ignition control section and an injection control section. When partial compression ignition combustion is carried out, the ignition control section causes an ignition plug to carry out: main ignition in which a spark is generated in a late period of a compression stroke or an initial period of an expansion stroke to initiate SI combustion; and preceding ignition in which the spark is generated at earlier timing than the main ignition. Also, when the partial compression ignition combustion is carried out, the injection control section causes an injector to inject fuel at such timing that the fuel exists in a cylinder at an earlier time point than the preceding ignition. Timing of the preceding ignition is more advanced when a swirl flow is gentle than when the swirl flow is strong.

Abstract: An engine control apparatus includes an ignition control section and an injection control section. When the partial compression ignition combustion is carried out, the ignition control section causes an ignition plug to carry out: main ignition in which a spark is generated in a late period of a compression stroke or an initial period of a expansion stroke to initiate the SI combustion; and preceding ignition in which the spark is generated at earlier timing than the main ignition. Also, when the partial compression ignition combustion is carried out, the injection control section causes the injector to inject fuel at such timing that the fuel exists in a cylinder at an earlier time point than the preceding ignition. The energy of the preceding ignition is set to be higher when the in-cylinder pressure specified by the in-cylinder pressure specification section is high than when the in-cylinder pressure is low.

Abstract: The invention is provided with an ignition control section and an injection control section. When partial compression ignition combustion is carried out, the ignition control section causes an ignition plug to carry out: main ignition in which a spark is generated in a late period of a compression stroke or an initial period of an expansion stroke to initiate SI combustion; and preceding ignition in which the spark is generated at earlier timing than the main ignition. Also, when the partial compression ignition combustion is carried out, the injection control section causes an injector to inject fuel at such timing that the fuel exists in a cylinder at an earlier time point than the preceding ignition. Timing of the preceding ignition is set to be more retarded when an engine speed is high than when the engine speed is low.

Abstract: A combustion chamber structure for an engine includes a combustion chamber that is defined by a cylinder block, a cylinder head, and a piston. The cylinder head includes: a head body that has a lower surface opposing the combustion chamber; and a coat layer that covers the lower surface. The coat layer includes: a heat-insulating layer that is arranged in a region, which opposes a cavity, in the lower surface and has a lower thermal conductivity than the head body; a heat-shielding layer that is arranged to cover the lower surface and has a lower thermal conductivity than the head body and the heat-insulating layer; and a heat diffusion layer that is arranged between the heat-insulating layer and the heat-shielding layer and has a higher thermal conductivity. The heat diffusion layer includes a side end edge and an extending portion, each of which abuts the head body.

Abstract: An engine is provided, which includes a combustion chamber defined by a cylinder head and a piston inside a cylinder of a cylinder block, a fuel injection nozzle provided to the cylinder head and formed in a tip-end part with an injection hole from which fuel is injected into the combustion chamber, the tip-end part being exposed to the combustion chamber, and a passage-forming member formed with a passage through which the fuel injected from the injection hole passes. An outer circumferential surface of the passage-forming member contacts a combustion-chamber ceiling surface of the cylinder head, and the passage of the passage-forming member includes an enlarged part gradually increasing in a cross-sectional area thereof from an upstream side to a downstream side of the passage.

Abstract: An engine is provided, which includes a combustion chamber defined by a cylinder head and a piston inside a cylinder of a cylinder block, a fuel injection nozzle provided to the cylinder head and formed in a tip-end part with a plurality of injection holes from which fuel is injected into the combustion chamber, the tip-end part being exposed to the combustion chamber, and a passage-forming member formed with a passage through which the injected fuel passes. The injection holes include first and second injection holes, and the passage-forming member is disposed around the tip-end part of the nozzle so as to cause a difference between a speed at which fuel injected from the first injection hole flows toward a circumferential part of the combustion chamber, and a speed at which fuel injected from the second injection hole flows toward the circumferential part.

Abstract: An engine apparatus includes an ignition control section and an injection control section. When the partial compression ignition combustion is carried out, the ignition control section causes an ignition plug to carry out: main ignition in which a spark is generated in a late period of a compression stroke or an initial period of an expansion stroke to initiate the SI combustion; and preceding ignition in which the spark is generated at earlier timing than the main ignition. Also, when the partial compression ignition combustion is carried out, the injection control section causes the injector to inject fuel at such timing that the fuel exists in a cylinder at an earlier time point than the preceding ignition. Energy of the preceding ignition is set to be lower when a swirl flow is gentle than when the swirl flow is intense.

Abstract: An engine control apparatus includes an ignition control section and an injection control section. When the partial compression ignition combustion is carried out, the ignition control section causes an ignition plug to carry out: main ignition in which a spark is generated in a late period of a compression stroke or an initial period of a expansion stroke to initiate the SI combustion; and preceding ignition in which the spark is generated at earlier timing than the main ignition. Also, when the partial compression ignition combustion is carried out, the injection control section causes the injector to inject fuel at such timing that the fuel exists in a cylinder at an earlier time point than the preceding ignition. The energy of the preceding ignition is set to be higher when fuel concentration specified by a fuel concentration specification section is low than when the fuel concentration is high.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with a pre-chamber provided inside a main combustion chamber. The pre-chamber includes an ignition plug, and a casing provided to a ceiling part to cover the ignition plug, the casing isolating an internal space formed therein from the main combustion chamber. A tumble flow of a mixture gas is formed inside the main combustion chamber. A plurality of communicating holes are formed in the casing, and include a first communicating hole opening to an intake port side and a second communicating hole opening to an exhaust port side. The tumble flow flowing into the pre-chamber through the first communicating hole forms in the pre-chamber a vortex flowing in the opposite direction from the tumble flow. The main combustion chamber is provided with a structure configured to suppress a flow opposing the vortex flowing into the pre-chamber through the second communicating hole.

Abstract: An engine system includes an engine, a main combustion chamber formed by a cylinder head and a piston, an auxiliary chamber formed with a communicating hole communicating with the main combustion chamber, an injector configured to inject fuel into the main combustion chamber, an ignition plug provided to the auxiliary chamber and configured to ignite a mixture gas inside the auxiliary chamber, an accelerator opening sensor, and a control device. The control device controls the injector so that an air-fuel ratio of the mixture gas inside the auxiliary chamber becomes a first air-fuel ratio when an engine load range is a first range, and the air-fuel ratio of the mixture gas inside the auxiliary chamber becomes a second air-fuel ratio leaner than the first air-fuel ratio when the engine load range is a second range where the engine load is higher than in the first range.