Abstract: The ridge structure has ridge elements provided on a top face of a leading edge region directly downstream of a leading edge, which is a laminar flow region of a wing having a swept-back angle relative to a mainstream and provided with a leading edge, and extending in parallel toward downstream of the mainstream. When an angle of a ridgeline connecting vertexes of the ridge elements in an extending direction of the ridge elements relative to x direction is OR, an angle of a flow line of a boundary layer external edge of the mainstream relative to the x direction is ?e, and an angle of a wavefront of stationary cross-flow instability, which is a mode in which a stationary disturbance amplifies inside a boundary layer of the surface and appears as a stationary vortex row, relative to the x direction is ?cf, ?R is between ?e and ?cf.

Abstract: A diagnostic apparatus for a vehicle provided with a continuously-variable transmission including a primary pulley, a secondary pulley and a belt looped over the primary and secondary pulleys, such that each of the primary and secondary pulleys includes a hydraulic actuator to which a working fluid is to be supplied. The diagnostic apparatus is configured, in event of occurrence of slippage of the belt on at least one of the primary and secondary pulleys, to infer a factor causing the slippage of the belt, based on at least one of a hydraulic pressure of the working fluid supplied to the hydraulic actuator of the primary pulley and a hydraulic pressure of the working fluid supplied to the hydraulic actuator of the secondary pulley, upon the occurrence of the slippage of the belt.

Abstract: A setpoint adjustment apparatus for a displacement meter (10) includes a determiner (343) to determine whether a measurement value acquired by an acquirer (341) in measurement of a reference workpiece using an applying setpoint, to be used in measurement of the reference workpiece, is within the range of a desired measurement value (352), and a changer (345) to change the applying setpoint. When the measurement value is within the range of the desired measurement value (352), the applying setpoint used in acquisition of the measurement value is employed as an applying setpoint for inspection of a measurement target (1). When the measurement value is out of this range, the applying setpoint used in acquisition of the measurement value is changed to a different applying setpoint, and whether the measurement value from the reference workpiece using this applying setpoint is within the range of the desired measurement value (352) is determined.

Abstract: A raised structure for reducing frictional drag due to viscosity of a flow toward an object in a direction forming an acute angle with an end portion of the object. The raised structure includes a plurality of raised bodies provided on a surface of the leading edge of the object at a downstream side of a stagnation point of the main flow, wherein a height of each raised body changes along a smooth convex curve, and the raised bodies are arranged in an array to form a first uneven shape changing periodically in a first cross section having a constant distance from the stagnation point and orthogonal to the surface, and a second uneven shape changing in a second cross section that is orthogonal to a line composed of the stagnation point and the first cross section, the second uneven shape having concave portions and convex portions that change periodically.

Abstract: A setpoint adjustment apparatus for a displacement meter (10) includes a determiner (343) to determine whether a measurement value acquired by an acquirer (341) in measurement of a reference workpiece using an applying setpoint, to be used in measurement of the reference workpiece, is within the range of a desired measurement value (352), and a changer (345) to change the applying setpoint. When the measurement value is within the range of the desired measurement value (352), the applying setpoint used in acquisition of the measurement value is employed as an applying setpoint for inspection of a measurement target (1). When the measurement value is out of this range, the applying setpoint used in acquisition of the measurement value is changed to a different applying setpoint, and whether the measurement value from the reference workpiece using this applying setpoint is within the range of the desired measurement value (352) is determined.

Abstract: A belt-slippage diagnostic apparatus for a continuously-variable transmission that includes a primary pulley, a secondary pulley and a belt looped over the primary and secondary pulleys. The belt-slippage diagnostic apparatus includes a slippage determination portion configured to determine occurrence of slippage of the belt on at least one of the primary and secondary pulleys, when a first-order derivative of a gear ratio, which is a ratio of a rotational speed of the primary pulley to a rotational speed of the secondary pulley, is not smaller than a first threshold value and a second-order derivative of the gear ratio is not smaller than a second threshold value.

Abstract: In a chain belt having: plurality of link plates each provided with a pin hole; plurality of connecting pins to connect a part of the plurality of link plates in an endless annular form by being inserted into the pin holes across the part of the plurality of link plates in a state where the part of the plurality of link plates are overlapped; and a retainer pin welded to an end portion of the connecting pin and engaged with the link plate to prevent the link plate from coming off the connecting pin, the retainer pin is disposed in a posture in which an outer circumferential surface is in contact with an outer circumferential surface of the connecting pin, and a plurality of points on the outer circumferential surface of the retainer pin separated from each other in the circumferential direction are welded to the connecting pin.

Abstract: In an element of a power transfer belt to be wound around a primary pulley and a secondary pulley of a continuously variable transmission to transfer torque, the distance from a boundary line between a surface positioned on the outer peripheral side of the power transfer belt with respect to a rocking edge portion and the rocking edge portion to a saddle surface is determined from the slip amount due to micro slip which is relative slipping between the element and the primary pulley caused when the primary pulley pushes out the power transfer belt toward the secondary pulley, and the angular speed of the element and the angular speed of a ring in a range in which the power transfer belt is wound around the secondary pulley.

Abstract: A diagnostic apparatus for a vehicle provided with a continuously-variable transmission including a primary pulley, a secondary pulley and a belt looped over the primary and secondary pulleys, such that each of the primary and secondary pulleys includes a hydraulic actuator to which a working fluid is to be supplied. The diagnostic apparatus is configured, in event of occurrence of slippage of the belt on at least one of the primary and secondary pulleys, to infer a factor causing the slippage of the belt, based on at least one of a hydraulic pressure of the working fluid supplied to the hydraulic actuator of the primary pulley and a hydraulic pressure of the working fluid supplied to the hydraulic actuator of the secondary pulley, upon the occurrence of the slippage of the belt.

Abstract: A belt-slippage diagnostic apparatus for a continuously-variable transmission that includes a primary pulley, a secondary pulley and a belt looped over the primary and secondary pulleys. The belt-slippage diagnostic apparatus includes a slippage determination portion configured to determine occurrence of slippage of the belt on at least one of the primary and secondary pulleys, when a first-order derivative of a gear ratio, which is a ratio of a rotational speed of the primary pulley to a rotational speed of the secondary pulley, is not smaller than a first threshold value and a second-order derivative of the gear ratio is not smaller than a second threshold value.

Abstract: A vane oil pump includes a rotor including a plurality of slits, a housing having an inner circumferential cam surface such that a first pump unit and a second pump unit taking in and discharging oil in accordance with rotation of the rotor are separately disposed in a rotational direction of the rotor, a plurality of vanes respectively fitted in the slits of the rotor, and a pressure adjusting device configured to adjust a second discharge pressure of the second pump unit to a lower pressure than a first discharge pressure of the first pump unit. A back pressure groove is disposed on the housing and is provided to supply back pressure oil to a bottom portion of each slit.

Abstract: A driving belt that can limit damages on a hoop and elements. A boss projecting from a front surface of the element is inserted into a hole formed on a rear surface of the fellow adjacent element to form an element array, and the element array is fastened by a hoop. A radially inner clearance between a leading edge of the boss of the element and the hole of the fellow adjacent element in the radial direction is set wider than a radially outer clearance between the leading edge of the boss of the element and the hole of the fellow adjacent element in the radial direction, within a straight region of the driving belt between the pulleys.

Abstract: In an element of a power transfer belt to be wound around a primary pulley and a secondary pulley of a continuously variable transmission to transfer torque, the distance from a boundary line between a surface positioned on the outer peripheral side of the power transfer belt with respect to a rocking edge portion and the rocking edge portion to a saddle surface is determined from the slip amount due to micro slip which is relative slipping between the element and the primary pulley caused when the primary pulley pushes out the power transfer belt toward the secondary pulley, and the angular speed of the element and the angular speed of a ring in a range in which the power transfer belt is wound around the secondary pulley.

Abstract: In a chain belt having: plurality of link plates each provided with a pin hole; plurality of connecting pins to connect a part of the plurality of link plates in an endless annular form by being inserted into the pin holes across the part of the plurality of link plates in a state where the part of the plurality of link plates are overlapped; and a retainer pin welded to an end portion of the connecting pin and engaged with the link plate to prevent the link plate from coming off the connecting pin, the retainer pin is disposed in a posture in which an outer circumferential surface is in contact with an outer circumferential surface of the connecting pin, and a plurality of points on the outer circumferential surface of the retainer pin separated from each other in the circumferential direction are welded to the connecting pin.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system stably controls pressure in a hydraulic chamber of a pulley accommodating a belt by controlling a feeding valve and a discharging valve. The control system reduces a control amount of the feeding valve to be smaller than that calculated based on a pressure difference in a case other than one in which pressure in the hydraulic chamber is increased by delivering oil to another chamber, in case the pressure in the hydraulic chamber is increased by delivering the oil to the other chamber. The control system reduces a control amount of the discharging valve to be smaller than that calculated based on the pressure difference in a case other than one in which pressure in the hydraulic chamber is lowered by discharging the oil from the other chamber, in case the pressure in the hydraulic chamber is lowered by discharging the oil to the other chamber.

Abstract: A vane oil pump includes a rotor including a plurality of slits, a housing having an inner circumferential cam surface such that a first pump unit and a second pump unit taking in and discharging oil in accordance with rotation of the rotor are separately disposed in a rotational direction of the rotor, a plurality of vanes respectively fitted in the slits of the rotor, and a pressure adjusting device configured to adjust a second discharge pressure of the second pump unit to a lower pressure than a first discharge pressure of the first pump unit. A back pressure groove is disposed on the housing and is provided to supply back pressure oil to a bottom portion of each slit.

Abstract: In a seal device for a hydraulic circuit, in which an oil passage that supplies hydraulic oil to or discharges the hydraulic oil from a hydraulic actuator operated by hydraulic pressure is formed over at least two members that relatively move, and a seal member that seals a gap between the two members in a liquid-tight manner is disposed in an interior of a groove section that is formed in at least either one of the two members, a communication section that allows the groove section to communicate with any portion of the oil passage such that the hydraulic oil in the interior of the groove section moves along with supply of the hydraulic oil to or discharge of the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic actuator is formed.

Abstract: A hydraulic control unit configured to improve energy efficiency is provided. The hydraulic control unit is comprised of: a feeding passage that delivers fluid from at least any of an oil pump and an accumulator storing hydraulic pressure to an actuator; a draining passage that discharge the fluid from the actuator to a drain spot; and a discharging means that is configured to selectively discharge the fluid from the actuator to the accumulator through the feeding passage, if the fluid has to be discharged from the actuator and a pressure of the accumulator is lower than that of the actuator.

Abstract: To provide a seat having a high cushioning property, excellent in a drainage property, and suitable for outdoor use. A belt-shaped support member 30 for seat back is supported on an upper portion of a seat back frame 10, a belt-shaped support member 40 for seat cushion having end portions 42, 43 connected to a front portion of a seat cushion frame 20 is connected to a lower portion of the belt-shaped support member 30 for seat back, and a base support member 50 is disposed on a seat cushion. A surface cushion layer 60 with which a cushioning part for seat back and a cushioning part for seat cushion are integrally formed is disposed by being supported on the upper portion of the seat back frame 10 and the front portion of the seat cushion frame 20.

Abstract: A power transmission unit for a vehicle including a first clutch device that selectively allows a torque transmitting route from an input shaft to an output shaft via a first gear train to transmit torque therethrough, a dog clutch that switches the torque transmitting route from the input shaft to the output shaft between a continuously variable speed change route in which the torque is transmitted through a continuously variable transmission and a reverse route in which the torque is transmitted through a second gear train, and a second clutch device that connects and disconnects both of the continuously variable speed change route and the reverse route to/from at least any one of the input shaft and the output shaft.