Abstract: Provided is a compound (Z) represented by the formula (1) or (2) below. In the formulas (1) and (2), Xs in each of the formulas (1) and (2) are each independently a carboxy group, a carboxylate group, or a monovalent group represented by the formula (3); at least one of Xs in each of the formulas (1) and (2) is a carboxy group or a carboxylate group; and at least one of Xs in each of the formulas (1) and (2) is a monovalent group represented by the formula (3) —C(O)—Y-(AO)n—R (3). In the formula (3), —Y— is —O—, —NH—, or —S—; A is a C2-C4 alkylene group; R is a hydrogen atom or a C1-C15 monovalent hydrocarbon group in which a hydrogen atom is optionally substituted with a C1-C10 alkoxy group; n is an integer of 4 to 1000; at least one of n As is an ethylene group; and when the formulas (1) and (2) each have multiple monovalent groups represented by the formula (3), each of —Y—, A, R, and n is the same or different among the monovalent groups.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a decorative film including a base material and an optical reflective layer coloring by optical interference or structural color, in which at least two or more layers of the optical reflective layer are laminated, and diffuse reflectivities of the respective optical reflective layers are different from each other, or a printing layer is laminated between the respective optical reflective layers; a decorative molded article; a decorative panel; and an electronic device.

Abstract: Provided are a decorative film including a base material and a reflective layer having a convex structure, in which, in a cross section obtained by cutting the convex structure in a direction perpendicular to a plane direction of the decorative film, in a case where a direction in which an average ?AVE of positive tilt angles is a largest is defined as a first direction and a direction in which the average ?AVE of the positive tilt angles is a smallest is defined as a second direction, the decorative film has a region A in which ?AVE in the first direction is 3° or more and ?AVE in the second direction is less than 3°; and applications thereof.

Abstract: A controller includes: an automatic shifting control section that carries out automatic shifting control in which a shifting actuator is driven in response to a predetermined automatic shifting command; and an interference prevention control section that controls the automatic shifting control section so as to prohibit simultaneous occurrence of a manual shifting process induced by operation of a shifting operation member and an automatic shifting process induced by the shifting actuator.

Abstract: A controller includes: an automatic shifting control section that carries out automatic shifting control in which a shifting actuator is driven in response to a predetermined automatic shifting command; and an interference prevention control section that controls the automatic shifting control section so as to prohibit simultaneous occurrence of a manual shifting process induced by operation of a shifting operation member and an automatic shifting process induced by the shifting actuator.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a flow passage member and a plurality of pressurizing sections. The flow passage member includes a plurality of discharge holes, a plurality of pressurizing chambers connected to a plurality of the discharge holes, a plurality of first flow passages connected to a plurality of the pressurizing chambers, a second flow passage connected in common to a plurality of the first flow passages, a plurality of third flow passages connected to a plurality of the pressurizing chambers, and a fourth flow passage connected in common to a plurality of the third flow passages. The pressurizing sections pressurize liquid in the pressurizing chambers. The third flow passage has a wide section connected to the pressurizing chamber and a narrow section connecting the wide section and the fourth flow passage. The wide section is disposed toward the discharge hole of the pressurizing chamber.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a flow passage member and a plurality of pressurizing sections. The flow passage member includes a plurality of discharge holes, a plurality of pressurizing chambers connected to a plurality of the discharge holes, a plurality of first flow passages connected to a plurality of the pressurizing chambers, a second flow passage connected in common to a plurality of the first flow passages, a plurality of third flow passages connected to a plurality of the pressurizing chambers, and a fourth flow passage connected in common to a plurality of the third flow passages. The pressurizing sections pressurize liquid in the pressurizing chambers. The third flow passage has a wide section connected to the pressurizing chamber and a narrow section connecting the wide section and the fourth flow passage. The wide section is disposed toward the discharge hole of the pressurizing chamber.

Abstract: A method of driving a liquid ejection head of a recording apparatus for reducing liquid ejection variations when a driving signal is delayed and then driven.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a method of driving a liquid ejection head capable of reducing liquid ejection characteristic variations when a driving signal is delayed and then driven and a recording apparatus.