Abstract: A charging device includes: a charging member that rotates in contact with a charged body and charges the charged body; and a cleaning member that comes into contact with the charging member and rotates in conjunction with the charging member, in which the cleaning member includes a foam elastic layer in which a band-shaped foam elastic member is spirally disposed with a pitch, and a diameter of a tip end portion of a cell skeleton protruding to a surface of the foam elastic layer is 50 ?m or less, and a peripheral speed ratio of the cleaning member to the charging member is 0.3 or more and 0.7 or less.

Abstract: A charging system includes a charging member that rotates while following a rotating image holding body and that charges the image holding body, a removing member that rotates while following the rotating charging member in a state of being arranged at a contact position in contact with the charging member and that removes an adhered deposit adhered to the charging member, a moving member that moves the removing member to a separation position separated from the charging member and the contact position, and at least one processor, in which the processor is configured to cause the removing member to remove the adhered deposit adhered to the charging member only for a removal time by controlling the moving member to move the removing member arranged at the separation position to the contact position at a time determined in advance.

Abstract: Provided are an information processing apparatus, an information processing method, and a program capable of performing analysis of a text with high accuracy. An information processing apparatus includes one or more processors and one or more memories that store a command executed by the one or more processors. The one or more processors are configured to acquire a text, classify attributes of information described in the text into a fixed unit of the text, analyze the text for each of the same classifications based on a result of the classification, and output a result of the analysis.

Abstract: A charging device includes: a charging member that rotates in contact with a charged body and charges the charged body; and a cleaning member that comes into contact with the charging member and rotates in conjunction with the charging member, in which the cleaning member includes a foam elastic layer in which a band-shaped foam elastic member is spirally disposed with a pitch, and a diameter of a tip end portion of a cell skeleton protruding to a surface of the foam elastic layer is 50 ?m or less, and a peripheral speed ratio of the cleaning member to the charging member is 0.3 or more and 0.7 or less.

Abstract: A roll member includes: a conductive elastic layer that contains a fatty acid metal salt; and a surface layer that is provided on the conductive elastic layer and contains a filler, in which the surface layer includes a first layer provided on the conductive elastic layer side and a second layer provided immediately above the first layer, and a content of the filler in the first layer is less than a content of the filler in the second layer.

Abstract: A roll member includes: a conductive elastic layer that contains a fatty acid metal salt; and a surface layer that is provided on the conductive elastic layer and contains a filler, in which the surface layer includes a first layer provided on the conductive elastic layer side and a second layer provided immediately above the first layer, and a content of the filler in the first layer is less than a content of the filler in the second layer.

Abstract: A charging member includes a conductive base material; an elastic layer that is provided on the conductive base material and has a storage elastic modulus G of 5.0 MPa or less at 100 Hz; and a surface layer that is provided on the elastic layer, in which in a Cole-Cole plot obtained by measuring the charging member in a range of 1 MHz to 0.1 Hz by an alternating current impedance method, a resistance component Ra of a capacitive semicircle including 2.5 kHz is 6.3×104? or less.

Abstract: A roll member includes a conductive elastic layer, and a surface layer provided on the conductive elastic layer. The surface layer contains a crosslinked product of crosslinkable nylon, the crosslinking degree of the surface layer specified by formula (1) below is 0.3 or more and 0.7 or less, and the thermal degradation index of the surface layer specified by formula (2) below is 2.1 or more and 2.3 or less.

Abstract: A roll member includes a conductive elastic layer, and a surface layer provided on the conductive elastic layer. The surface layer contains a crosslinked product of crosslinkable nylon, the crosslinking degree of the surface layer specified by formula (1) below is 0.3 or more and 0.7 or less, and the thermal degradation index of the surface layer specified by formula (2) below is 2.1 or more and 2.3 or less.

Abstract: Provided are an information processing apparatus, an information processing method, and a program capable of performing analysis of a text with high accuracy. An information processing apparatus includes one or more processors and one or more memories that store a command executed by the one or more processors. The one or more processors are configured to acquire a text, classify attributes of information described in the text into a fixed unit of the text, analyze the text for each of the same classifications based on a result of the classification, and output a result of the analysis.

Abstract: A CPU of a training data creation apparatus includes an extraction unit, a derivation unit, and a creation unit. The extraction unit extracts a plurality of unique expressions that are specific term phrases from a medical document. The derivation unit derives a degree of association indicating a degree of association among the plurality of unique expressions. The creation unit selects a target term phrase that is a term phrase as a target to be masked.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus comprising at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: derive a reliability degree of a trained teacher model based on training data used for training the teacher model and predetermined sample data; derive an output target based on output data obtained by inputting the sample data to the teacher model and the reliability degree; and train a student model such that output data obtained by inputting the sample data to the student model approaches the output target.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a friction coefficient of a surface of 0.8 or less; a charging device including a charging member that is in contact with and charges the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor and includes a conductive base material, an elastic layer provided on the conductive base material and having a storage elastic modulus G of 5.0 MPa or less at 100 Hz, and a surface layer provided on the elastic layer; an electrostatic latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor; a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor to form a toner image by a developer containing a toner; and a transfer device that transfers the toner image to a surface of a recording medium.

Abstract: A charging member includes a conductive base material; an elastic layer that is provided on the conductive base material and has a storage elastic modulus G of 5.0 MPa or less at 100 Hz; and a surface layer that is provided on the elastic layer, in which in a Cole-Cole plot obtained by measuring the charging member in a range of 1 MHz to 0.1 Hz by an alternating current impedance method, a resistance component Ra of a capacitive semicircle including 2.5 kHz is 6.3×104? or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a friction coefficient of a surface of 0.8 or less; a charging device including a charging member that is in contact with and charges the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor and includes a conductive base material, an elastic layer provided on the conductive base material and having a storage elastic modulus G of 5.0 MPa or less at 100 Hz, and a surface layer provided on the elastic layer; an electrostatic latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor; a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor to form a toner image by a developer containing a toner; and a transfer device that transfers the toner image to a surface of a recording medium.

Abstract: A conceptual graph processing apparatus includes a processor configured to, based on a descriptive text group for a concept group including plural existing concepts included in an existing conceptual graph and a new concept not included in the existing conceptual graph, generate a conceptual word graph which represents a relation between the concept group and a word group included in the descriptive text group; and generate an extended conceptual graph including the new concept based on the conceptual word graph.

Abstract: A charging device includes: a charging member that charges an image holding member according to a contact charging method, and includes a conductive substrate and a surface layer provided on the conductive substrate; and a clean member that cleans the charging member while contacting the charging member, and includes a shaft and a foamed elastic layer provided on the shaft, wherein a ratio of a distance between irregularities in an axial direction of the surface layer in the charging member (Sm) to a width of a nodal section of a foam cell wall surface protruding from a surface of the foamed elastic layer in the clean member (W) satisfies 2.4?Sm/W?5.9.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a reception unit that receives an input of a query, a generation unit that generates a word combination from a plurality of words included in the query, an obtaining unit that obtains a node corresponding to each word combination of the query for each word combination of the query from data representing a first node representing a single concept, a second node representing a compound concept, and a relationship between concepts, and a specifying unit that specifies a content corresponding to the node obtained by the obtaining unit.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a receiving unit receiving a query, an acquisition unit acquiring, on each content unit serving as a search target, multiple nodes corresponding to the query from data representing a relationship between the nodes and includes information on each node representing a concept of the content unit serving as a search target, a search unit searching for a path including mutually related nodes from the nodes acquired by the acquisition unit, and a calculating unit calculating a score of the path of at least one of the content units, the path searched and found by the search unit, by using at least one of a hop count representing a number of nodes included between a node representing the concept included in the query and the content unit, degree of importance of the concept of the content unit, and type of the relationship of the concepts.

Abstract: A charging device includes: a charging member that charges an image holding member according to a contact charging method, and includes a conductive substrate and a surface layer provided on the conductive substrate; and a clean member that cleans the charging member while contacting the charging member, and includes a shaft and a foamed elastic layer provided on the shaft, wherein a ratio of a distance between irregularities in an axial direction of the surface layer in the charging member (Sm) to a width of a nodal section of a foam cell wall surface protruding from a surface of the foamed elastic layer in the clean member (W) satisfies 2.4?Sm/W?5.9.