Abstract: An optical reception apparatus (1) of the present invention includes: a local oscillator (11) outputting local oscillation light (22); an optical mixer (12) receiving a multiplexed optical signal (21) and the local oscillation light, and selectively outputting an optical signal (23) corresponding to the wavelength of the local oscillation light from the multiplexed optical signal; a photoelectric converter (13) converting the optical signal (23) output from the optical mixer into an electric signal (24); a variable gain amplifier (15) amplifying the electric signal (24) to generate an output signal (25) whose output amplitude is amplified to a certain level; a gain control signal generating circuit (16) generating a gain control signal (26) for controlling the gain of the variable gain amplifier (15); and a monitor signal generating unit (17) generating a monitor signal (27) corresponding to the power of the optical signal (23) using the gain control signal (26).

Abstract: An optical reception apparatus (1) of the present invention includes: a local oscillator (11) outputting local oscillation light (22); an optical mixer (12) receiving a multiplexed optical signal (21) and the local oscillation light, and selectively outputting an optical signal (23) corresponding to the wavelength of the local oscillation light from the multiplexed optical signal; a photoelectric converter (13) converting the optical signal (23) output from the optical mixer into an electric signal (24); a variable gain amplifier (15) amplifying the electric signal (24) to generate an output signal (25) whose output amplitude is amplified to a certain level; a gain control signal generating circuit (16) generating a gain control signal (26) for controlling the gain of the variable gain amplifier (15); and a monitor signal generating unit (17) generating a monitor signal (27) corresponding to the power of the optical signal (23) using the gain control signal (26).

Abstract: An optical reception apparatus (1) of the present invention includes: a local oscillator (11) outputting local oscillation light (22); an optical mixer (12) receiving a multiplexed optical signal (21) and the local oscillation light, and selectively outputting an optical signal (23) corresponding to the wavelength of the local oscillation light from the multiplexed optical signal; a photoelectric converter (13) converting the optical signal (23) output from the optical mixer into an electric signal (24); a variable gain amplifier (15) amplifying the electric signal (24) to generate an output signal (25) whose output amplitude is amplified to a certain level; a gain control signal generating circuit (16) generating a gain control signal (26) for controlling the gain of the variable gain amplifier (15); and a monitor signal generating unit (17) generating a monitor signal (27) corresponding to the power of the optical signal (23) using the gain control signal (26).

Abstract: A method of producing macroporous carbon capsules includes providing pollen grains from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) males, drying the pollen grains, heating the dried pollen grains to a temperature of at least 500° C. under an atmosphere of N2 gas to produce macroporous carbon capsules. The macroporous carbon capsules produced from the above method can have an oval shape with a diameter in the range of about 18 ?m to about 20 ?m. The macroporous carbon capsules have a mean pore diameter in the range of about 50 nm to about 450 nm. The pores are three-dimensionally interconnected via nanoscopic carbon walls. The carbon walls have a thickness of about 4 ?m.

Abstract: To provide an optical transceiver with which a plurality of optical transmitters and receivers constituting the optical transceiver can be detached individually and exchanged/repaired easily, so that waste of components can be avoided. The optical transceiver includes: an optical transceiver main body; a plurality of pairs of optical transmitters and optical receivers housed inside the optical transceiver main body by being disposed in parallel; optical transmitter substrates and optical receiver substrates, which individually hold each of the optical transmitters and the optical receivers; an optical transceiver substrate which holds each of the optical transmitter substrates and the optical receiver substrates; and connectors which connect each of the optical transmitter substrates as well as the optical receiver substrates to the optical transceiver substrate detachably.

Abstract: To provide an optical transceiver with which a plurality of optical transmitters and receivers constituting the optical transceiver can be detached individually and exchanged/repaired easily, so that waste of components can be avoided. The optical transceiver includes: an optical transceiver main body; a plurality of pairs of optical transmitters and optical receivers housed inside the optical transceiver main body by being disposed in parallel; optical transmitter substrates and optical receiver substrates, which individually hold each of the optical transmitters and the optical receivers; an optical transceiver substrate which holds each of the optical transmitter substrates and the optical receiver substrates; and connectors which connect each of the optical transmitter substrates as well as the optical receiver substrates to the optical transceiver substrate detachably.

Abstract: There is provided an easily dyeable meta-type wholly aromatic polyamide fiber excellent in dyeability and acid resistance, and having a very small residual solvent content. The components or conditions of the coagulation bath are appropriately adjusted so as to achieve a coagulated form not having a skin core, plasticization drawing is performed at a specific ratio, and after completing a washing step, a dry heat treatment is performed at a specific temperature.