Abstract: A plating method can improve adhesivity with a substrate. The plating method of performing a plating process on the substrate includes forming a vacuum-deposited layer 2A on the substrate 2 by performing a vacuum deposition process on the substrate 2; forming an adhesion layer 21 and a catalyst adsorption layer 22 on the vacuum-deposited layer 2A of the substrate 2; and forming a plating layer stacked body 23 having a first plating layer 23a and a second plating layer 23b which function as a barrier film on the catalyst adsorption layer 22 of the substrate 2. By forming the vacuum-deposited layer 2A, a surface of the substrate 2 can be smoothened, so that the vacuum-deposited layer 2A serving as an underlying layer can improve the adhesivity.

Abstract: Provided is a charged particle beam apparatus or charged particle microscope capable of observing an observation target sample in an air atmosphere or a gas environment without making significant changes to the configuration of a conventional high vacuum charged particle microscope. In a charged particle beam apparatus configured such that a thin film (10) is used to separate a vacuum environment and an air atmosphere (or a gas environment), an attachment (121) capable of holding the thin film (10) and whose interior can be maintained at an air atmosphere or a gas environment is inserted into a vacuum chamber (7) of a high vacuum charged particle microscope. The attachment (121) is vacuum-sealed and fixed to a vacuum partition of the vacuum sample chamber. Image quality is further improved by replacing the atmosphere in the attachment with helium or a light-elemental gas that has a lower mass than atmospheric gases such as nitrogen or water vapor.

Abstract: The size of text printed based on font data can be adjusted. A printer has: a print unit that prints an image on a recording medium; a storage unit that stores a font table containing font data for characters, and stores adjustment ratio information specifying a ratio used to scale the size of the font data stored in the font table; a first communication unit that receives print instruction data including information specifying a character; a second communication unit that receives a change instruction instructing changing a ratio specified by the adjustment ratio information; and a control unit that scales the font data of the specified character at the ratio specified by the adjustment ratio information, and controls the print unit to print the character based on the scaled font data.

Abstract: An IC card is provided with an IC module. The IC module is provided with a memory section and a control section. The memory section stores information that shows a file structure. The control section receives a first command, transmits a first response containing the information showing the file structure in response to reception of the first command, receives a second command which is transmitted in response to the first response and which includes a first data searched from the information showing the file structure, and sets up the first data in response to reception of the second command.

Abstract: A gas barrier material comprising a polycarboxylic acid polymer, and containing 0.10 to 1.4% by weight of a monovalent metal element, at least not less than 5.0% by weight of a polyvalent metal element, and 0.01 to 3.0% by weight of a nitrogen element per the total weight of nitrogen and carbon. The gas barrier material exhibits excellent gas barrier property, excellent waterproof property after the bend working and excellent appearance on the surface of the coating.

Abstract: In a speech processing apparatus, an acquisition unit is configured to acquire a speech. A separation unit is configured to separate the speech into a plurality of sections in accordance with a prescribed rule. A calculation unit is configured to calculate a degree of similarity in each combination of the sections. An estimation unit is configured to estimate, with respect to the each section, a direction of arrival of the speech. A correction unit is configured to group the sections whose directions of arrival are mutually similar into a same group and correct the degree of similarity with respect to the combination of the sections in the same group. A clustering unit is configured to cluster the sections by using the corrected degree of similarity.

Abstract: An upper slewing body includes a rear wall portion covering an engine room from a rear side, a bottom plate disposed so as to cover the engine room from a lower side and having an exhaust opening, and a pair of vertical plates standing upright on the bottom plate. A rear end portion of the vertical plate has proximate rear end surfaces disposed adjacent to the rear wall portion and a cutout portion formed by recessing the rear end surface of the vertical plate toward the front side with respect to the proximate rear end surfaces. A distal end portion of a tail pipe is introduced between the vertical plates and through the cutout portion from the outer position of the vertical plates and extends along the exhaust opening in a state where the distal end portion of the tail pipe faces the exhaust opening.

Abstract: A bearing roller chain includes a tubular bush configured to interconnect link plates facing each other, a tubular metal-made roller through which the bush is inserted, a plurality of metal-made anti-friction rollers arranged between an inner circumferential surface of the roller and an outer circumferential surface of the bush, and annular nonmetallic restraint members fitted into openings at the opposite ends of the roller in an axial direction, with the bush inserted through the restraint members, the restraint members configured to restrain axial direction movement of the plurality of anti-friction rollers.

Abstract: An input unit inputs input data. A priority determination unit determines priority of the data input by the input unit. A speed control unit sets the communication speed of the wireless communication of the data to be output from an output unit according to the priority of the data determined by the priority determination unit, and also, when input of the data is not detected, sets the communication speed of the wireless communication of the data to be output from the output unit to be lower than the communication speed when the input of the data is detected. The output unit outputs output data by the wireless communication at the set communication speed.

Abstract: Provided is a paper sheet handling device with which paper currency having an optimal property can be deposited and disbursed without reducing the number of denominations than can be handled, and without changing the higher-level system. This paper sheet handling device is equipped with: multiple cassettes provide respectively for each classification based on the value of a paper sheet, with each of the multiple cassettes having multiple housing units a storage unit that associates and stores a housing unit housing status, and a main control unit, which executes paper sheet deposit/disbursement processes on the basis of the housing unit housing status and the cassette housing status stored by the storage unit.

Abstract: An automatic balancing structure of a medical balancing stand has stoppers arranged on a turn plate. In a normal state, the stoppers are in contact with and hold a contact part of a lever so that the lever and turn plate follow a rotative motion of a lateral arm. If the lateral arm causes an imbalance, a strain occurs on the lever to which a strain sensor is attached. The strain sensor detects the strain and outputs a signal to an adjustment unit so as to cancel the imbalance of the lateral arm. The strain sensor helps downsizing the automatic balancing structure and making the balance adjustment easier.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus which estimates a point spread function (PSF) of at least one input image, and the image processing apparatus includes: an S/N ratio estimation unit which estimates an S/N ratio of the input image at each spatial frequency; a restricted range calculation unit which calculates a restricted range that is a range of the spatial frequency in which the frequency component of the input images are restricted and that more likely includes a spatial frequency in which the S/N ratio is lower; a frequency restriction unit which generates a restricted image by restricting a frequency component of the input image within the restricted range; and a PSF estimation unit which estimates the PSF of the input image, using the restricted image.

Abstract: An exemplary storage apparatus of the invention includes storage devices for storing data of block I/O commands and file I/O commands and a controller including a block cache area and a file cache area. The controller creates block I/O commands from file I/O commands and accesses the storage devices in accordance with the created block I/O commands. In a case where the file cache area is lacking an area to cache first data of a received first file I/O command, the controller chooses one of a first cache method that newly creates a free area in the file cache area to cache the first data in the file cache area and a second cache method that caches the first data in the block cache area without caching the first data in the file cache area.

Abstract: An image fixing apparatus includes a heater including a substrate, a first electrode provided on one side of the substrate and a second electrode provided on the other side of the substrate; and a connector, connected with the heater, for receiving electric power, the connector including an electrically insulative housing, and a contact terminal provided inside the housing and having first spring contact contacted to the first electrode and a second spring contact contacted to the second electrode, wherein the first spring contact and the second spring contact are disposed at positions different as seen in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Concerned with a charging member in the conductive surface layer of which the conductive particles are so kept from agglomerating as to make charging performance not easily change even where the surface layer expands and contracts repeatedly in various environments. The charging member is a charging member having a conductive substrate and formed on the substrate a conductive elastic layer and a conductive surface layer. The elastic layer contains a polymer having a unit coming from ethylene oxide, and the surface layer contains a binder resin and graphitized particles. The binder resin contains a resin having in the molecule a urethane linkage or a siloxane linkage, or a urethane linkage and a siloxane linkage, and the graphitized particles have a graphite (002) plane lattice spacing of from 0.3362 nm or more to 0.3449 nm or less.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus provided with a detachable fixing unit having fixing paired-rollers, a heating unit heats at least one of the fixing paired-rollers, and a temperature detecting unit detects a temperature of the detachable fixing unit. The image forming apparatus is further provided with an adjustment mechanism for preventing the detachable fixing unit from being taken out from the apparatus body, when the temperature detecting unit determines that the temperature of the detachable fixing unit exceeds a predetermined value, and allowing the detachable fixing unit to be taken out from the apparatus body, when the temperature detecting unit determines that the temperature of the detachable fixing unit is the predetermined value or less, whereby protecting users from getting their hands burned when taking out the detachable fixing unit from the apparatus body.

Abstract: A light guide plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface receives light in a first direction parallel with the second surface and emits the light towards the first surface in a third direction perpendicular to the first surface. The light guide plate includes a light receiving portion which receives the light; a light guiding path which guides the light in the first direction; and an emitting portion which emits the light by reflecting the guided light towards the first surface in the third direction. The emitting portion includes a plurality of V-shaped grooves extending on the second surface in a second direction crossing the first direction. Each V-shaped groove extends in the first direction and is formed so as to be deepest in the center in the second direction and become shallower as a distance from the center increases.

Abstract: There is provided a method capable of producing a methacrylic-based polymer excellent in pyrolysis resistance and excellent in fabricability in a high productivity. The method for producing a methacrylic-based polymer includes the following steps (1) and (2): step (1) of using a complete mixing reactor (A) to thereby obtain the first syrup, including specific steps; step (2) of using a reaction apparatus (D) including a plug flow mixer (B) and a plug flow reactor (C) to thereby obtain the second syrup, including specific steps.

Abstract: A mudguard structure for a straddle-ride vehicle suppresses the enlargement of an attachment portion of a mud shield plate and makes satisfactory the external appearance of the circumference of a rear fender. A mudguard has left and right erecting walls erecting to the rear from respective left and right outer edges thereof and a front-lower concave portion integrally continuing into a lower portion of a rear wheel runout concave portion of a rear fender. A box-like attachment portion for attachment to the rear fender is located at each of both, left and right, sides of the upper end portion of the mudguard.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for enhancing the accuracy of auto-leveling control to adjust the optical axis of a vehicle lamp using an acceleration sensor. A controller stores reference values of first and second angles, updates the reference value of the second angle by treating a change of a sum angle during a vehicle stop as a change of the second angle, and updates the reference value of the first angle by treating a change of the sum angle when the vehicle is stopped as a change of the first angle. The controller derives a difference between a value of the sum angle and a sum of the reference values of the first and second angles, and corrects at least one of the reference values so as to reduce the difference.