Abstract: A method and an apparatus for measuring the height of an apex of an object with high accuracy without influence of the surface state of the object are disclosed. Correlation coefficients of respective positions of a waveform formed from digital data indicative of the height of the object detected by a head portion of a detector and a previously prepared standard waveform are calculated while moving the waveforms in the vertical and horizontal directions and the height of an apex position of the standard waveform at a position having a largest correlation coefficient from the calculated result is decided as the height of the apex of the object. Accordingly, the height of the apex can be decided from the whole detected waveforms without influence of local abnormality of the reflected light quantity waveform due to minute ruggedness or discoloration of the surface of the object.

Abstract: A work having a number of solder bumps on a substrate is mounted on a work positioning mechanism, and scanned by an optical micro head to measure errors of a mount posture of the work. Each stage is controlled to correct the errors, and thereafter, the apex positions of the bumps are scanned and measured. The measurement results are collected by a personal computer, and the measurement results together with control data of each axis are sent to a main personal computer and displayed on its screen. An error of an apex position of each bump from a regression plane is calculated, and if the error is smaller than a reference value, the work is judged to be good.

Abstract: A method for improving mechanical strength of a glass article includes coating an active energy ray-curable composition of a silane coupling agent, a curable compound and water on the glass article, and then curing with irradiated active energy ray.

Abstract: The composition of the present invention is curable by active energy ray. It is a mixture including a coupling agent, an active energy ray-curable compound and water. A glass article will show improved mechanical strength if it is coated with the composition of the present invention and irradiated with active energy ray to cure the coating.

Abstract: A curing composition for reinforcing an inorganic oxide material or a flawable base is disclosed. The composition comprises a curing compound emulsified and dispersed in water with or without the aid of an emulsifier or a water-soluble high polymer. The composition has excellent preservation stability and is free from the risk of fire or environmental pollution. The process for reinforcing an inorganic oxide material or a flawable base using the composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: A depositing apparatus includes a profile-following mechanism having a translational displacement mechanism portion and a rotation mechanism portion adapted to allow a head to be swung in the directions of both X and the Y axes so that the head follows a profile of the surface of workpiece smoothly around a first contact point, thereof with the workpiece, serving as a fulcrum point.

Abstract: The present invention provides a curable composition for use in optical fiber cladding comprising 48.8.about.92.9 wt % of 2-(perfluorooctyl) ethyl acrylate (I), 1.3.about.23.8 wt % of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoroproprylacrylate (II), 5.0.about.30.0 wt % of trimethylolpropane triacrylate (III), and 0.1.about.5.0 wt % of photopolymerization initiator (IV), wherein the weight ratio [(I)/(II)] of monomer (I) and monomer (II) is within a range of from 75/25 to 98/2, and an optical fiber having cladding formed by the hardening of this curable composition and a core comprising quartz.

Abstract: A curing composition comprising (1) a fluorine-containing curing monomer containing a fluorinated alkyl group having not less than 6 carbon atoms, (2) a fluorine-containing curing monomer containing a fluorinated alkyl group having not more than 5 carbon atoms, and (3) a polyfunctional curing monomer, the weight ratio of said fluorine-containing curing monomer (1) to said fluorine-containing curing monomer (2) ranging from 75/25 to 99/1. The composition is coated on an optical fiber base and cured by active energy rays to provide a core/clad optical fiber excellent in transparency, mechanical strength, environmental resistance, and optical characteristics.

Abstract: A print monitoring apparatus for monitoring a print transported out of a printing unit comprises a defect position discrimination unit for discriminating a position of a defect on a print web of the print fed from the printing unit, a defect memory unit for storing defect position information given from the defect position discrimination unit and record information containing defect occurrence time, a number of successive occurrence pages, a roll paper name and a number of used pages, and a display unit for displaying the information stored in the defect memory unit.

Abstract: A method of increasing the pressure-resistant strength and impart strength of a glass container, which comprises treating the surface of the glass container with a silane coupling agent, applying a coating material comprising a reactive compound having at least two (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule to the treated glass container, and subjecting it to irradiation of an activated energy ray to cure the coating material applied; and a method of increasing the pressure-resistant strength and impact strength of a glass container, which comprises applying a coating material comprising a silane coupling agent and a reactive compound having at least two (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule to the surface of the glass article, and then subjecting the coated glass container to irradiation of an activated energy ray to cure the coating.

Abstract: A method of increasing the pressure-resistant strength and impact strength of a glass container, which comprises treating the surface of the glass container with a silane coupling agent, applying a coating material comprising a reactive compound having at least two (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule to the treated glass container, and subjecting it to irradiation of an activated energy ray to cure the coating material applied; and a method of increasing the pressure-resistant strength and impact strength of a glass container, which comprises applying a coating material comprising a silane coupling agent and a reactive compound having at least two (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule to the surface of the glass article, and then subjecting the coated glass container to irradiation of an activated energy ray to cure the coating.

Abstract: An active energy ray-curable resin composition which gives a cured product having a refractive index of not more than 1.44 comprises (I) a fluorine-containing polymer composed of (A) and at least one of (B) and (C): (A) a fluorine-containing (meth)acrylate, (B) an alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid ester and (C) a mono(meth)acrylate and having a fluorine atom content of at least 30% by weight, (II) a fluorine-containing (meth)acrylate, (III) a mono(meth)acrylate and (IV) a polyfunctional monomer containing at least two (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule. Optical fibers are produced by coating the above composition on a core material and irradiating active energy rays onto the coating to form a cured cladding of the composition.

Abstract: An active energy ray-curable resin composition which gives a cured product having a refractive index of not more than 1.44 comprises (I) a fluorine-containing polymer composed of (A) and at least one of (B) and (C): (A) a fluorine-containing (meth)acrylate, (B) an alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid ester and (C) a mono(meth)acrylate and having a fluorine atom content of at least 30% by weight, (II) a fluorine-containing (meth)acrylate, (III) a mono(meth)acrylate and (IV) a polyfunctional monomer containing at least two (meth)acryloyl groups in the molecule. Optical fibers are produced by coating the above composition on a core material and irradiating active energy rays onto the coating to form a cured cladding of the composition.

Abstract: A flat battery has a flat generating element which is sealed and sheathed within a two-fold electrically insulating sheathing film, and positive and negative terminals are provided on either the upper or the lower surface thereof. The capacity of the battery per unit area is increased, and either the positive or the negative terminal, which can extend along the inner side of the film, can be reduced in size and simplified.

Abstract: A multiple control valve system comprises the first and second multiple control valves. To the first multiple control valve an additional attachment valve is operatively connected in a manner that pressurized oil is supplied to the first multiple control valve and the attachment valve from a common oil pump independently through respective conduits. The second multiple control valve is connected to the attachment valve through a conduit to which a remote control valve is disposed thereby to change over flow direction changeover valves contained in the attachment valve and the second multiple control valve to simultaneously operate these valves.

Abstract: A multiple control valve system comprises a multiple control valve as a main body, an additional attachment valve operatively connected to the multiple control valve, a logic valve oil-tightly fitted to the multiple control valve so as to be communicated with oil passages formed in the multiple control valve, and a change-over valve operatively connected to a spool located in the attachment valve so as to be communicated with oil passages of the attachment valve and connected to the logic valve through a conduit.

Abstract: An aqueous foam fire extinguisher comprising (A) a surface-active agent having an anionic hydrophilic group, (B) a cationic water-soluble polymeric substance, and, optionally, (C) a polybasic acid compound.

Abstract: A multiple control valve for operating a civil construction machine or the like comprises a valve body, at least two parallel direction change-over plungers assembled in the valve body, by-pass passages and fluid supply passages formed in the valve body and operatively communicated with the plungers for feeding fluid from an external source to the plungers. One of plungers disposed most downstream side of the multiple control valve is provided with inner passages arranged on both sides thereof, a passage crossing the plunger, an axial passage having one end closed and the other end opened towards one of the inner passages, and a lateral port communicated with the inner passage. The crossing passage is communicated with the axial passage at a portion near the closed end thereof.

Abstract: A method for separating an ionic substance from a liquid medium, which comprises including a metal ion, a metal oxide ion, a metal complex ion, ammonium compounds, etc. dissolved or dispersed in the liquid medium by using a fluorine containing compound of the following formula[{Rf-(A).sub.a -Y}(X).sub.b ].sub.n (Z).sub.ccontaining a fluoroalkyl group (Rf) having 3 to 20 carbon atoms and a group (Y) having affinity for the ionic substances. A composition for trapping ionic substances, comprising the aforesaid fluorine-containing compound as a main ingredient. The invention can be advantageously applied to the recovery of useful metals from ocean waters.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing aminosulfonate of the general formulaR.sub.f -Q.sub.l -N(R.sub.1)-Q.sub.2 -N(R.sub.2)-Q.sub.3 -SO.sub.3 Mwherein R.sub.f represents a perfluorinated aliphatic group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms; Q.sub.1 represents --CH.sub.2 --.sub.h in which h represents an integer of 1 to 6, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 Z--.sub.i in which Z represents --O-- or --S--, and i represents an integer of 1 to 4, ##STR1## or a combination of these; Q.sub.2 and Q.sub.3 are identical or different and each represents --CH.sub.2 --.sub.j in which j represents an integer of 1 to 6, ##STR2## in which R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or ##STR3## M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, an alkaline earth methal atom, or --N(H).sub.m (R.sub.4).sub.n in which R.sub.4 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and m and n represent 0 or an integer of 1 to 4 provided that m+n=4; R.sub.