Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a transfer member that transfers a toner image to a continuous sheet, the transfer member having a lower hardness than a member opposed thereto with the continuous sheet therebetween when the continuous sheet is transported; and a moving unit that moves the transfer member in a direction intersecting the direction in which the continuous sheet is transported.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a transfer member that transfers a toner image to a continuous sheet, the transfer member having a lower hardness than a member opposed thereto with the continuous sheet therebetween when the continuous sheet is transported; and a moving unit that moves the transfer member in a direction intersecting the direction in which the continuous sheet is transported.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus including: a photoconductor provided with a charge generation layer and an overcoat layer; a first charging unit charging the photoconductor when an image is formed; an exposure unit irradiating the photoconductor with light having a wavelength to which a relative sensitivity of the charge generation layer is larger than a relative sensitivity of the overcoat layer; a development unit developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the photoconductor by the first charging unit and the exposure unit with toner; a transfer unit transferring an image developed on the photoconductor to a medium; a light irradiation unit irradiating the photoconductor with light having a wavelength to which the relative sensitivity of the overcoat layer is larger than the relative sensitivity of the charge generation layer; and an erasing unit erasing a charge from the photoconductor irradiated with light by the light irradiation unit.

Abstract: It is provided a raw material composition, having various uses, comprising components (1) to (3) as described below: (1) a composition comprising (a) a polymer component including a homopolymer of vinyl acetate or a partial hydrolysate thereof, or a copolymer of vinyl acetate and one or more monomers selected from a group consisting of acrylic esters, amide acrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methacrylic esters, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, and fumaric acid or a partial hydrolysate thereof; (2) a composition comprising one or more compounds selected from a group consisting of silicone compounds, polyvinyl acetate, cetyl methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and epoxy resins; and (3) organic or inorganic powder.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus including: a photoconductor provided with a charge generation layer and an overcoat layer; a first charging unit charging the photoconductor when an image is formed; an exposure unit irradiating the photoconductor with light having a wavelength to which a relative sensitivity of the charge generation layer is larger than a relative sensitivity of the overcoat layer; a development unit developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the photoconductor by the first charging unit and the exposure unit with toner; a transfer unit transferring an image developed on the photoconductor to a medium; a light irradiation unit irradiating the photoconductor with light having a wavelength to which the relative sensitivity of the overcoat layer is larger than the relative sensitivity of the charge generation layer; and an erasing unit erasing a charge from the photoconductor irradiated with light by the light irradiation unit.

Abstract: It is provided a raw material composition, having various uses, comprising components (1) to (3) as described below: (1) a composition comprising (a) a polymer component including a homopolymer of vinyl acetate or a partial hydrolysate thereof, or a copolymer of vinyl acetate and one or more monomers selected from a group consisting of acrylic esters, amide acrylate, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, methacrylic esters, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, and fumaric acid or a partial hydrolysate thereof; (2) a composition comprising one or more compounds selected from a group consisting of silicone compounds, polyvinyl acetate, cetyl methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and epoxy resins; and (3) organic or inorganic powder.

Abstract: In order to solve the problem, there is provided a charging device having: a roll-like charging member disposed in contact with a surface of a member to be charged and for charging the surface of the member to be charged; wherein: the charging member includes a conductive substrate, and at least an elastic layer and a surface layer applied sequentially onto a surface of the conductive substrate; and opposite end portions of the surface layer axially project beyond opposite end portions of the elastic layer respectively, while the opposite end portions of the surface layer are made to cover the elastic layer and made open.

Abstract: In order to solve the problem, there is provided a charging device having: a roll-like charging member disposed in contact with a surface of a member to be charged and for charging the surface of the member to be charged; wherein: the charging member includes a conductive substrate, and at least an elastic layer and a surface layer applied sequentially onto a surface of the conductive substrate; and opposite end portions of the surface layer axially project beyond opposite end portions of the elastic layer respectively, while the opposite end portions of the surface layer are made to cover the elastic layer and made open.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel microorganism capable of oxidizing manganese such as the genus Cedecea bacterium GSJ/MITA24A/ASHO-RO/1, the genus Aeromonas bacterium GSJ/MITA24B/ASHO-RO/2, or the genus Shewanella bacterium GSJ/MITA24C/ASHO-RO/3; to a method for removing manganese from water containing manganese, which comprises contacting the water containing manganese with a microbial symbiont of algae and one or more microorganisms capable of oxidizing manganese to oxidize and precipitate the manganese, thereby removing the manganese from the water; and to a method of recycling the recovered manganese.

Abstract: In image forming method comprising an exposure step of forming an electrostatic latent image and a developing step of developing the electrostatic latent image, a developer comprises a magnetic carrier and a toner; a developing curve of the developer at the time when the developer is used has a saturated characteristic, the developing curve being as expression of the relation between the amount of toner transferred to the latent image support member and contrast potential, the contrast potential being determined by the developing bias potential applied to the developer support member and the potential of an exposed portion of the latent image support member; a proportion of the toner in the developer is in a range from 5 to 10% by weight; a time constant of the developer is less than or equal to 40 msec; and the developing step comprises applying developing bias voltage to the developer support member such that an amount of the toner transferred to the latent image support member reaches a saturated range.

Abstract: The electrophotographic recording apparatus includes a photo-sensitive member comprises of a transparent support plate, a transparent electrode formed on the support, a transparent electrode layer formed on the photoconductive layer, and floating electrodes formed on the photoconductive layer. The floating electrodes are composed of small plural electrode segments independently and electrically insulatively separated from each other. These electrode segments may be separated from each other by insulating partition walls.The photosensitive member is suitable for use in an electrophotographic recording system of directly transferring charged toner onto a recording paper.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic recording apparatus comprising a pair of toner containers for accommodating a toner, a photosensitive member constituted by a transparent substratum, a transparent electrode and a photoconductive layer, a light irradiating means for irradiating this photosensitive member with light such as a laser beam from the transparent substratum side (rear surface side) thereof, and a transfering means. With this apparatus, an area required for the photosensitive device can be made small, a long durable life of the photosensitive member can be ensured, and no special toner is required.