Abstract: A processing object 2 is sucked and fixed by a sucker 11 and rotated by a rotator 12. In that state, a processing liquid supplied from a processing liquid supply 22 is applied through a processing liquid application tube 21 onto a surface of the processing object 2. Thermal electrons emitted from a thermionic source 33 are accelerated by an acceleration electrode 34 and pass through a Be film 32 to impinge upon the processing liquid on the surface of the processing object 2. When the processing liquid on the surface of the processing object is irradiated with the electron beam, the processing liquid is ionized or radicalized to become active, thereby effectively processing the surface of the processing object 2.

Abstract: A needle (22) adapted to advance and retract in z directions is accommodated in an ionization chamber (15), whereas an electrolytic solution (L) containing a sample is supplied into the ionization chamber (15) through a supply tube (18). The supply tube (18) is bored with a hole (20) communicating with the inside of the ionization chamber (15). While a predetermined voltage is applied between the supply tube (18) and the needle (22), the tip of the needle (22) is caused to come close to but not in contact with the electrolytic solution in the hole (20), so as to form a locally raised portion (Taylor cone) in the liquid surface of the electrolytic solution, thereby attaching a droplet containing ions in the electrolytic solution to the tip of the needle (22). After the needle (22) is moved to a predetermined position, N.sub.2 gas is jetted against the tip portion of the needle (22), thereby emitting the droplet containing ions attached to the tip of the needle (22) into the ionization chamber (15).

Abstract: In a free-electron laser oscillator, two laser beams having different wavelengths are irradiated to a photoemitter to generate an electron beam. The electron beam is density-modulated by a frequency corresponding to a difference between frequencies of the two laser beams, and accelerated to a vicinity of light velocity by a microwave. Such a relative theory electron beam is directed into a periodical magnetic field generated by a helical wigglar and a track thereof is deflected. As a result, a synchrotron radiation light is generated from the relative theory electron beam. The radiation light generates an electromagnetic field by itself. Thus, electromagnetic interaction takes place among the electromagnetic field, the periodical magnetic field and the relative theory electron beam, and the laser oscillation is started.