Abstract: A TIRFM-capable microscope including: a light source that generates/emits incoherent excitation light onto an optical path that includes a first projection lens system, a spatial filter, a second projection lens system and an objective. The TIRFM-capable microscope also includes a controller; wherein the first projection lens system projects excitation light onto the spatial filter that filters the excitation light with two-dimensional patterns, the spatial filter lies in a plane conjugate to a back focal plane of the objective which includes an objective lens that directs excitation light onto and receives fluorescent light from the sample, wherein, for a numerical aperture NAObj of the objective and a refractive index nspec of the sample NAObj>nspec, and the controller activates the spatial filter to select/generate various two-dimensional patterns and selects/adjusts the position/shape/size of the pattern such that TIRF illumination of the sample is generated.

Abstract: A TIRFM-capable microscope including: a light source that generates/emits incoherent excitation light onto an optical path that includes a first projection lens system, a spatial filter, a second projection lens system and an objective. The TIRFM-capable microscope also includes a controller; wherein the first projection lens system projects excitation light onto the spatial filter that filters the excitation light with two-dimensional patterns, the spatial filter lies in a plane conjugate to a back focal plane of the objective which includes an objective lens that directs excitation light onto and receives fluorescent light from the sample, wherein, for a numerical aperture NAObj of the objective and a refractive index nspec of the sample NAObj>nspec, and the controller activates the spatial filter to select/generate various two-dimensional patterns and selects/adjusts the position/shape/size of the pattern such that TIRF illumination of the sample is generated.

Abstract: A microscope includes: a light source, an objective, a varifocal optical system that is arranged on an illumination light path between the objective and the light source, a reflection optical system that deflects an illumination light axis of the illumination light toward an optical axis of the objective, and a rotator that rotates the objective and the reflection optical system around a rotation axis that is orthogonal to the optical axis of the objective.

Abstract: The first to ninth crank webs are roughly divided into three groups. The first group is from the second, fifth and eighth webs. These crank webs of the first group have similar shapes. In the crankshaft, the shapes of these crank webs belonging to the first group are adjusted to satisfy the first stiffness condition below.

Abstract: The first to ninth crank webs are roughly divided into three groups. The first group is from the second, fifth and eighth webs. These crank webs of the first group have similar shapes. In the crankshaft, the shapes of these crank webs belonging to the first group are adjusted to satisfy the first stiffness condition below.

Abstract: A scanning microscope includes a scanner, an objective irradiates a sample with illumination light deflected by the scanner, and a beam splitter that is arranged between the objective and an exit pupil position, and that reflects one of the illumination light and observation light from the sample and transmits the other. The objective has the exit pupil position outside the objective.

Abstract: A microscope includes: a light source, an objective, a varifocal optical system that is arranged on an illumination light path between the objective and the light source, a reflection optical system that deflects an illumination light axis of the illumination light toward an optical axis of the objective, and a rotator that rotates the objective and the reflection optical system around a rotation axis that is orthogonal to the optical axis of the objective.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine equipped with: a cylinder block in the interior of which pistons are arranged; a cylinder head containing recessed parts; cylinder liners affixed to the surfaces of hole parts of the cylinder block; and a variable compression ratio mechanism that changes the mechanical compression ratio. The variable compression ratio mechanism is formed such that the size of the combustion chamber can be changed by moving the cylinder head relative to the cylinder block. The cylinder liners extend such that the end parts facing the cylinder head are arranged within the recessed parts of the cylinder head within the range of relative movement of the cylinder head with respect to the cylinder block.

Abstract: A scanning microscope includes a scanner, an objective irradiates a sample with illumination light deflected by the scanner, and a beam splitter that is arranged between the objective and an exit pupil position, and that reflects one of the illumination light and observation light from the sample and transmits the other. The objective has the exit pupil position outside the objective.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine equipped with: a cylinder block in the interior of which pistons are arranged; a cylinder head containing recessed parts; cylinder liners affixed to the surfaces of hole parts of the cylinder block; and a variable compression ratio mechanism that changes the mechanical compression ratio. The variable compression ratio mechanism is formed such that the size of the combustion chamber can be changed by moving the cylinder head relative to the cylinder block. The cylinder liners extend such that the end parts facing the cylinder head are arranged within the recessed parts of the cylinder head within the range of relative movement of the cylinder head with respect to the cylinder block.

Abstract: A spectroscopic detection device including: a stop in which an aperture is formed; a first and second photodetectors which detect detection light; a collimator which converts the detection light emitted from the stop into substantially parallel light, and emits light to at least one of the first and second photodetectors; a dispersive element which is arranged between the collimator and the first photodetector, and disperses the detection light; a condensing optical system which condenses the detection light dispersed by the dispersive element to the first photodetector; and a wavelength selection filter which is arranged between the collimator and the second photodetector, and allows light in a specified wavelength range to enter the second photodetector. The collimator is configured so that the focal length for the detection light emitted to the first photodetector may be different from the focal length for the detection light emitted to the second photodetector.

Abstract: A spectroscopic detector includes a spectroscopic element for dispersing light, a photodetector for detecting the light dispersed by the spectroscopic element and a condensing optical system for condensing the dispersed light to the photodetector and compensating for a deviation in a detected wavelength deriving from nonlinearity of the angle of emergence generated in the spectroscopic element through chromatic aberration of magnification.

Abstract: A scanning microscope is provided with a scan unit that scans a sample, the scanning microscope including: a transmissive VPH grating for dispersing light from the sample; and a photodetector for detecting the light diffracted by the VPH grating.

Abstract: A spectroscopic detector includes a spectroscopic element for dispersing light, a photodetector for detecting the light dispersed by the spectroscopic element and a condensing optical system for condensing the dispersed light to the photodetector and compensating for a deviation in a detected wavelength deriving from nonlinearity of the angle of emergence generated in the spectroscopic element through chromatic aberration of magnification.

Abstract: A scanning microscope is provided with a scan unit that scans a sample, the scanningmicroscope including: a transmissive VPH grating for dispersing light from the sample; and a photodetector for detecting the light diffracted by the VPH grating.