Abstract: A gas phase reduction apparatus of carbon dioxide includes an oxidation chamber that includes an oxidation electrode; a reduction chamber that is adjacent to the oxidation chamber and receives supplied carbon dioxide; and a porous electrode-supporting electrolyte membrane that is placed between the oxidation chamber and the reduction chamber. The porous electrode-supporting electrolyte membrane is a joined body including a porous reduction electrode joined to an electrolyte membrane. The electrolyte membrane is placed on the oxidation chamber side. The porous reduction electrode is placed on the reduction chamber side and configured to reduce the carbon dioxide by electrons from the oxidation electrode connected via a conductor.

Abstract: A semiconductor photoelectrode that is to be located in an aqueous solution to cause a decomposition reaction of the aqueous solution upon being irradiated with light, the semiconductor photoelectrode including: a semiconductor layer that is formed on an insulative or conductive substrate and is provided with a plurality of protrusion structures that protrude in one direction that is opposite a direction in which the substrate is located; a catalyst layer that is continuously laminated on the surface of the semiconductor layer; and a wire that is electrically connected to the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: The sheet mask includes multiple battery parts arranged such that electric currents flow along mimic muscles or flows of lymph. This allows an active ingredient to penetrate into in-body tissues more effectively and also allows the mimic muscles and the lymphatic vessels to be electrically stimulated. Forming the battery parts by using materials with low environmental load allows easy disposal of the sheet mask in everyday life.

Abstract: A gas-phase reduction device for carbon dioxide includes: an oxidation chamber containing an oxidation electrode; a reduction chamber to which carbon dioxide is supplied; a gas reduction sheet that has an ion exchange membrane and a reduction electrode laminated together therein and that is disposed between the oxidation chamber and the reduction chamber with the ion exchange membrane facing the oxidation chamber and the reduction electrode facing the reduction chamber; a conducting wire that connects the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode; and a heat source that surrounds the reduction chamber.

Abstract: To improve the efficiency of a reduction reaction. A power source applies a voltage to an oxidation electrode immersed in an aqueous solution in an oxidation tank and a reduction electrode immersed in an aqueous solution in a reduction tank, the voltage having a voltage value that changes with a predetermined cycle to be a voltage value at which ions can be desorbed from a surface of the oxidation electrode and a surface of the reduction electrode during one cycle of the voltage change. The frequency of the voltage is set within a range of 10 Hz to 1 kHz.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide gas phase reduction device includes an oxidation tank including an oxidation electrode, a reduction tank to which carbon dioxide is supplied, an intermediate tank that is disposed between the oxidation tank and the reduction tank and capable of pouring and discharging an electrolytic solution, an ion exchange membrane disposed between the oxidation tank and the intermediate tank, a gas reduction sheet in which an ion exchange membrane and a reduction electrode are laminated and which is disposed between the reduction tank and the intermediate tank with the ion exchange membrane facing the intermediate tank and the reduction electrode facing the reduction tank, and a conducting wire connecting the oxidation electrode to the reduction electrode.

Abstract: A method for producing a nitride semiconductor photoelectrode includes: a first step of forming an n-type gallium nitride layer on an electrically insulative or conductive substrate; a second step of forming an indium gallium nitride layer on the n-type gallium nitride layer; a third step of forming a p-type nickel oxide layer on the indium gallium nitride layer; and a fourth step of subjecting a nitride semiconductor in which the p-type nickel oxide layer has been formed to heat treatment.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor photoelectrode which maintains a light energy conversion efficiency for a long time. In the semiconductor photoelectrode, using a conductive substrate including a III-V group compound semiconductor, a semiconductor thin film including a III-V group compound semiconductor having a photocatalytic function is disposed on the substrate, and an oxygen generation co-catalyst layer having an oxygen generation co-catalytic function for the semiconductor thin film is disposed on the semiconductor thin film. Between the semiconductor thin film and the oxygen generation co-catalyst layer, a semiconductor thin film including a III-V group compound semiconductor having a lattice constant smaller than that of the semiconductor thin film in a plane perpendicular to a crystal growth direction is disposed.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a nitride semiconductor photoelectrode capable of improving the light energy conversion efficiency. The method for producing a nitride semiconductor photoelectrode includes a first step of forming an n-type gallium nitride layer on an insulating or conductive substrate, a second step of forming an indium gallium nitride layer on the n-type gallium nitride layer, a third step of forming a nickel layer n the indium gallium nitride layer, and a fourth step of heat-treating the nickel layer in an oxygen atmosphere.

Abstract: The efficiency of a carbon dioxide reduction reaction at a reduction electrode is improved. An oxidation tank including an oxidation electrode, a reduction tank which is adjacent to the oxidation tank and to which carbon dioxide is supplied, and a gas reduction sheet located between the oxidation tank and the reduction tank are included, the gas reduction sheet is a sheet in which an ion exchange membrane and a reduction electrode are laminated, the ion exchange membrane is located on the oxidation tank side, the reduction electrode is located on the reduction tank side, is connected to the oxidation electrode by a lead, and conduct conducts a reduction reaction of the carbon dioxide by a current flowing through the lead.

Abstract: Improvement in the efficiency of carbon dioxide reduction reaction is achieved. A gas supply unit having a plurality of pores is established in a lower portion of a reduction chamber, and carbon dioxide is supplied as bubbles into an aqueous solution. This can elevate a concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in the aqueous solution without stirring the aqueous solution using a stirring bar, and render the concentration uniform in the aqueous solution. Therefore, the efficiency of reduction reaction of carbon dioxide in a reduction electrode can be improved.

Abstract: To improve the efficiency of a reduction reaction. A power source applies a voltage to an oxidation electrode immersed in an aqueous solution in an oxidation tank and a reduction electrode immersed in an aqueous solution in a reduction tank, the voltage having a voltage value that changes with a predetermined cycle to be a voltage value at which ions can be desorbed from a surface of the oxidation electrode and a surface of the reduction electrode during one cycle of the voltage change. The frequency of the voltage is set within a range of 10 Hz to 1 kHz.

Abstract: To improve light energy conversion efficiency of a semiconductor photoelectrode. A semiconductor photoelectrode in which an oxidation reaction of water proceeds on a surface by irradiation with light includes a first semiconductor layer laminated on an insulating or conductive substrate, and a transparent conductive polymer layer laminated on the first semiconductor layer, made of a transparent conductive polymer, and having an activity function of promoting the oxidation reaction of water. Due to the transparency of the transparent conductive polymer layer, light transmittance is improved, and the transparent conductive polymer layer can be laminated on the entire surface of the semiconductor layer, allowing the light energy conversion efficiency of the semiconductor photoelectrode to be improved.

Abstract: The sheet mask includes multiple battery parts arranged such that electric currents flow along mimic muscles or flows of lymph. This allows an active ingredient to penetrate into in-body tissues more effectively and also allows the mimic muscles and the lymphatic vessels to be electrically stimulated. Forming the battery parts by using materials with low environmental load allows easy disposal of the sheet mask in everyday life.