Abstract: Some aspects of the present disclosure provide for a circuit. In at least some examples, the circuit includes an integrator coupled between a first node and a second node and a filter coupled between the second node and a third node. The circuit further includes a buffer coupled between the third node and a fourth node and a first switch coupled between the fourth node and a fifth node. The circuit further includes a first capacitor coupled between the fifth node and a ground node, a first resistor comprising a first terminal coupled to the fifth node and a second terminal, a second switch coupled between the second terminal of the first resistor and the ground node.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the disclosure provide a brake mechanism, a power platform and a karting. The brake mechanism includes a brake assembly. The brake assembly is configured to be mounted on a vehicle frame, the brake assembly includes a brake pad, a position of the brake pad is adjustably configured, such that the brake pad has a first position and a second position. Herein, when the brake pad is located at the first position, the brake pad is configured to be in contact with a tire, and when the brake pad is located at the second position, the brake pad is separated from the tire.

Abstract: A preparing method for high-purity levetiracetam, comprising: adjusting the pH of an extracted aqueous layer obtained by dissociating (S)-?-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid (R)-methylbenzylamine salt to 5-9; removing water; adding an organic solvent to form a solution and then performing an esterification reaction with ethyl chloroformate or methylchlorofonmate; and carrying out an ammonolysis reaction to obtain the levetiracetam. The method simplifies production process, increases yield, reduces or even avoids the use of triethylamine in the esterification process, and reduces the emission of a great amount of three wastes.

Abstract: Some aspects of the present disclosure provide for a circuit. In at least some examples, the circuit includes an integrator coupled between a first node and a second node and a filter coupled between the second node and a third node. The circuit further includes a buffer coupled between the third node and a fourth node and a first switch coupled between the fourth node and a fifth node. The circuit further includes a first capacitor coupled between the fifth node and a ground node, a first resistor comprising a first terminal coupled to the fifth node and a second terminal, a second switch coupled between the second terminal of the first resistor and the ground node.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the disclosure provide a brake mechanism, a power platform and a karting. The brake mechanism includes a brake assembly. The brake assembly is configured to be mounted on a vehicle frame, the brake assembly includes a brake pad, a position of the brake pad is adjustably configured, such that the brake pad has a first position and a second position. Herein, when the brake pad is located at the first position, the brake pad is configured to be in contact with a tire, and when the brake pad is located at the second position, the brake pad is separated from the tire.

Abstract: Some aspects of the present disclosure provide for a circuit. In at least some examples, the circuit includes an integrator coupled between a first node and a second node and a filter coupled between the second node and a third node. The circuit further includes a buffer coupled between the third node and a fourth node and a first switch coupled between the fourth node and a fifth node. The circuit further includes a first capacitor coupled between the fifth node and a ground node, a first resistor comprising a first terminal coupled to the fifth node and a second terminal, a second switch coupled between the second terminal of the first resistor and the ground node.

Abstract: A preparing method for high-purity levetiracetam, comprising: adjusting the pH of an extracted aqueous layer obtained by dissociating (S)-?-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidineacetic acid (R)-methylbenzylamine salt to 5-9; removing water; adding an organic solvent to form a solution and then performing an esterification reaction with ethyl chloroformate or methylchlorofonmate; and carrying out an ammonolysis reaction to obtain the levetiracetam. The method simplifies production process, increases yield, reduces or even avoids the use of triethylamine in the esterification process, and reduces the emission of a great amount of three wastes.

Abstract: Provided are methods for manufacturing a base metal undercoat containing catalyst and an exhaust article containing the catalyst. The catalyst contains a base metal undercoat with an oxygen storage component, substantially free of platinum group metal components, and at least one catalytic layer.

Abstract: A layered exhaust treatment catalyst comprising: (a) a carrier such as cordierite; (b) a first layer deposited on the carrier comprising a palladium metal component, a platinum metal component and an oxygen storage component such as ceria supported on a refractory metal oxide such as gamma-alumina; and (c) a second layer deposited on the first layer comprising a rhodium metal component, a platinum metal component and an oxygen storage component such as ceria supported on a refractory metal oxide such as gamma-alumina. Preferably, the catalyst also includes a bottom layer interposed between the carrier and the first layer. The bottom layer comprises an oxygen storage component such as ceria supported on a refractory metal oxide such as gamma-alumina. The amount of the oxygen storage component of the catalyst may be “tuned”, i.e., adjusted, to meet the needs of a vehicle's on-board diagnostic (“OBD”) catalyst efficiency monitoring system, without adversely affecting the performance of the catalyst.

Abstract: Provided are an exhaust treatment catalyst and an exhaust article containing the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a carrier; a first layer deposited on the carrier, said first layer comprising substantially only at least one refractory metal oxide; a second layer deposited on the first layer, said second layer comprising substantially only at least one oxygen storage component and at least one binder therefore; and a third layer deposited on the second layer, said third layer comprising at least one layer of one or more platinum group metal components supported on a refractory metal oxide support.

Abstract: Provided are methods for manufacturing a base metal undercoat containing catalyst and an exhaust article containing the catalyst. The catalyst contains a base metal undercoat with an oxygen storage component, substantially free of platinum group metal components, and at least one catalytic layer.

Abstract: Provided are an exhaust treatment catalyst and an exhaust article containing the catalyst. The catalyst comprises a carrier; a first layer deposited on the carrier, said first layer comprising substantially only at least one refractory metal oxide; a second layer deposited on the first layer, said second layer comprising substantially only at least one oxygen storage component and at least one binder therefore; and a third layer deposited on the second layer, said third layer comprising at least one layer of one or more platinum group metal components supported on a refractory metal oxide support.

Abstract: Provided are an exhaust treatment catalyst and an exhaust article containing the catalyst. The catalyst comprises: (a) a carrier; (b) a first layer deposited on the carrier, said first layer comprising substantially only at least one refractive metal oxide; (c) a second layer deposited on the first layer, said second layer comprising substantially only at least one oxygen storage component and at least one binder therefor; and (d) a third layer deposited on the second layer, said third layer comprising at least one layer of one or more platinum group metal components supported on a refractory metal oxide support. Optionally, a fourth layer is deposited on the third layer wherein the fourth layer comprises one or more platinum group metal components supported on a refractory metal oxide support. As a further option, an overcoat layer may be deposited on the third or fourth layer wherein the overcoat layer comprises a catalyst poison sorbent.

Abstract: Provided is a base metal undercoat containing catalyst and an exhaust article containing the catalyst. The catalyst contains a base metal undercoat with an oxygen storage component, and at least one catalytic layer. Also provided are methods for preparing the catalyst and methods for monitoring the oxygen storage capacity of an exhaust article containing the catalyst.

Abstract: Provided is a base metal undercoat containing catalyst and an exhaust article containing the catalyst. The catalyst contains a base metal undercoat with an oxygen storage component, and at least one catalytic layer. Also provided are methods for preparing the catalyst and methods for monitoring the oxygen storage capacity of an exhaust article containing the catalyst.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating the atmosphere comprising moving a vehicle through the atmosphere, the vehicle having at least one atmosphere contacting surface and a pollutant treating composition located on said surface. A specific embodiment comprises coating a motor vehicle radiator with pollutant treating catalyst.

Abstract: A support for a catalyst for controlling vehicular exhaust emissions comprising a high surface area refractory metal oxide, e.g., gamma-alumina, having a monomolecular layer of a second oxide selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, cerium dioxide and zirconium dioxide. Typically, the monomolecular layer will have a thickness of less than about 10 angstroms. The support may be converted into a vehicular exhaust emission control catalyst by depositing the support on a substrate such as cordierite depositing a precious metal component such as platinum on at least part of the monomolecular layer. Preferably, the catalyst will also contain at least one NOx storage component deposited on at least part of the monomolecular layer. Catalysts prepared using the catalyst supports of the invention exhibit outstanding thermal stability and resistance to sulfur poisoning.

Abstract: A layered exhaust treatment catalyst comprising: (a) a carrier such as cordierite; (b) a first layer deposited on the carrier comprising a palladium metal component, a platinum metal component and an oxygen storage component such as ceria supported on a refractory metal oxide such as gamma-alumina; and (c) a second layer deposited on the first layer comprising a rhodium metal component, a platinum metal component and an oxygen storage component such as ceria supported on a refractory metal oxide such as gamma-alumina. Preferably, the catalyst also includes a bottom layer interposed between the carrier and the first layer. The bottom layer comprises an oxygen storage component such as ceria supported on a refractory metal oxide such as gamma-alumina. The amount of the oxygen storage component of the catalyst may be “tuned”, i.e., adjusted, to meet the needs of a vehicle's on-board diagnostic (“OBD”) catalyst efficiency monitoring system, without adversely affecting the performance of the catalyst.

Abstract: Provided are an exhaust treatment catalyst and an exhaust article containing the catalyst. The catalyst comprises: (a) a carrier; (b) a first layer deposited on the carrier, said first layer comprising substantially only at least one refractive metal oxide; (c) a second layer deposited on the first layer, said second layer comprising substantially only at least one oxygen storage component and at least one binder therefor; and (d) a third layer deposited on the second layer, said third layer comprising at least one layer of one or more platinum group metal components supported on a refractory metal oxide support. Optionally, a fourth layer is deposited on the third layer wherein the fourth layer comprises one or more platinum group metal components supported on a refractory metal oxide support. As a further option, an overcoat layer may be deposited on the third or fourth layer wherein the overcoat layer comprises a catalyst poison sorbent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treating the atmosphere comprising moving a vehicle through the atmosphere, the vehicle having at least one atmosphere contacting surface and a pollutant treating composition located on said surface. A specific embodiment comprises coating a motor vehicle radiator with pollutant treating catalyst.