Abstract: A package for retaining at least one crystal for use with vacuum deposition processing apparatus includes a tray portion having at least one vertically disposed supporting slot sized for retaining a crystal and a cover portion overlaying the tray portion. The cover portion is rotated until a slotted opening of the cover portion is aligned with a vertical supporting slot, permitting removal of the crystal that is supported within the vertical slot only along its peripheral edges.

Abstract: A container assembly for shipping and retail display of products is disclosed including tray supporting the products and a removable cover. The tray includes a bottom wall surrounded by an upstanding front wall having a lower height than that of the products, a rear wall opposite said front wall, and a pair of side walls. The tray has dividers extending from the rear wall towards the front wall. The dividers, rear wall, and side walls have generally equal heights greater than or equal to the height of the products. The cover includes a top wall, a front wall or panel, and a rear wall or panel, the front and rear panels each extending downward from the top wall, and a portion of each contacting the bottom wall of the tray. The rear panel has rear members separated by a space with the dividers located in the space. The top wall is sized to not exceed the outer dimensions of the tray while having portions that rest on and are supported by the top edge of the side walls.

Abstract: A shipping container for facilitating the conversion of the shipping container into a dispensing or all-around display container from formed an outer blank (10) having a centrally positioned bottom wall (12), front and rear walls (18, 26), top panels (32, 38), side flaps (14, 16, 22, 24, 28, 30, 34, 36, 40, 42) and an interior divider structure (50) for structural stacking support both during shipping and display modes.

Abstract: A box card cut from a singular blank, including a series of panels, all foldably linked together, select of the panels providing the front and back panels for the card, with intermediate panels provided for arrangement therein. Select of the front and initial panels are die cut and apertured, while the back panel provides a back wall for the device, and the last intermediate panel has a die cut display wall, which can be either imprinted in full, to provide a display, or be silhouette cut, to depict certain images, whether it be celebrities, sport stars, scenic areas, or the like, and the card is readily available for erection and display, by the purchaser.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon fuel such as a gasoline exhibiting substantially improved laminar burning velocity and method of making. The hydrocarbon fuel may comprise a paraffinic fraction, an olefinic fraction, and an aromatics fraction. The aromatics fraction may comprise methyl aromatics and non-methyl alkyl aromatics wherein the percentage of non-methyl alkyl aromatics in the aromatics fraction is at least 30% by volume. The fuel may comprise a methyl aromatics fraction comprising xylenes wherein the percentage of ortho- and para-xylene in the xylene fraction is at least 60% by volume.

Abstract: Transportation fuels are provided that have reduced toxics, VOC and NOx emissions, as well as, reduced sulfur content. The transportation fuels provided meet emissions reduction requirements determined by using the EPA Complex Model and for reduced sulfur. Reduction in sulfur content allows the use of components with high concentrations of olefins, while still reducing toxics, hydrocarbon (VOCs) and NOx emissions to acceptable levels.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the production of very high quality base oils with simultaneous production of high quality middle distillates starting from feedstocks that are obtained from the distillation of crude or that are obtained from units for transformation and refining of the latter. The process according to the invention comprises a converting pretreatment stage of the feedstock and a catalytic dewaxing stage. The converting pretreatment stage takes place in the presence of a catalyst that contains at least one noble metal that is deposited on an acid substrate that is a particular silica-alumina. The catalytic dewaxing takes place in the presence of a catalyst with a zeolite base that is preferably selected from the group that is formed by zeolites of the TON-structural type (theta-1, ISI-1, ZSM-22, KZ-2, NU-10), and the zeolites ZSM-48, ZBM-30, EU-2, EU-11, ferrierite, EU-1 and EU-13, whereby the catalyst also contains at least one hydro-dehydrogenating element.

Abstract: A method for the hydroprocessing of a heavy hydrocarbonaceous feedstock in a reaction zone having a bed containing a fixed array of porous catalyst particles by contacting the feedstock with a hydrogen-containing gas under conditions which allow distributing the feedstock predominantly in liquid phase under super-atmospheric process conditions at elevated temperature over the catalyst bed for downward flow in contact with the catalyst particles and introduction of the hydrogen-containing gas in the reaction zone below the catalyst bed in order to establish countercurrent contact of the upwardly flowing gas with the downcoming liquid and withdrawing treated liquid below the catalyst bed and withdrawing fluid depleted in hydrogen above the catalyst bed, in which process the catalyst bed has a void volume fraction below 0.5, whilst the countercurrent liquid/gas contacting is carried out under conditions which allow the Peclet number of the liquid to be in the range between 0 and 10.

Abstract: A process for reforming a hydrocarbon feed containing precursors of ethylbenzene, e.g., C8 isoalkane and/or C8 isoalkene precursors of ethylbenzene, that results in the formation of reduced amounts of ethylbenzene. The process is carried out in a catalytic reforming unit comprised of a plurality of operatively connected reactors comprising at least one lead reforming reactor and a tail reforming reactor. The process is carried out by reforming the feed in at least one lead reactor which contains a first reforming catalyst and a catalyst effective for converting ethylbenzene and further reforming the product of the lead reactor in the tail reactor that contains a second reforming catalyst.

Abstract: A process for reforming wherein ethylbenzene formed during the reforming is converted to xylenes. The process is carried out by reforming a feed containing precursors of ethylbenzene with a reforming catalyst under conditions effective to reform said feed; wherein the reforming catalyst is contained in a reactor which contains a second catalyst effective under said conditions to convert ethylbenzene to xylenes. The resulting product contains reduced amounts of ethylbenzene and increased amounts of xylenes.

Abstract: Hydrocarbons are prepared, liquid at the reaction temperature, by feeding synthesis gas into three-phase turbulent reactors wherein the solid phase, consisting of the catalyst in particle form, is kept in suspension in the liquid phase by the rising synthesis gas. The reaction product is separated/filtrated in continuous from the catalyst dispersed therein, by means of a separation/filtration unit consisting of several filtration cartridges, each consisting of at least two porous filtering elements, the first having an average pore diameter ranging from 0.5 to 15 ?m, whereas the second has an average pore diameter ranging from 0.002 to 0.1 ?m.

Abstract: Corrosive amine salts in hydrocarbon streams such as desalted crude oil streams can be prevented or avoided by adding certain amine scavenging chemicals to the streams. Suitable amine scavengers include, but are not necessarily limited to, carboxylic anhydrides and copolymers of carboxylic anhydrides, aromatic anhydrides, isocyanates, polyisocyanates, and epoxides. The non-corrosive reaction products of the amines and/or ammonia with these scavengers are preferably oil-soluble, non-basic and thermally stable. The amine scavengers bind up and react with the amines and/or ammonia to keep them from reacting with materials such as acids (e.g. HCl) to form corrosive amine salts.

Abstract: A system for transporting and selectively sorting particles includes a first wall and a traveling wave grid extending along the first wall. The system includes a second wall having a passage extending therethrough and a gate operatively associated with the passage. A controller is adapted to output a multi-phase electrical signal. The controller is in communication with the traveling wave grid and the gate. A method of using the system is also provided.

Abstract: A system for removing clean coal from raw coal without the use of water includes a vibratory separator which receives the raw coal and a supply of magnetic particles. The magnetic particles form a fluidized bed which floats the clean coal from the debris contained in the raw coal and removes the clean coal by a scraper plate. A mixture of debris and magnetic particles which remains after the clean coal is removed is passed by a revolving magnetic separator which removes the magnetic particles from the debris and from the clean coal, and returns the particles for reuse with another batch of raw coal. The magnetic separator includes a rotating drum having a non-magnetic outer surface and an interior magnet which forms a magnetic field adjacent a portion of the drum surface which temporarily attracts the magnetic particles which fall from the drum surface as that portion of the drum surface and collected particles pass beyond the adjacent magnet.

Abstract: A screen assembly, a vibratory separator with such a screen assembly and methods of its use, the screen assembly, in certain aspects, having a frame with a first frame end spaced apart from a second frame end by two opposed spaced-apart sides including a first side and a second side, screening material on the frame, a plurality of crossmembers spaced apart and extending from the first side to the second side, each crossmember of the plurality of crossmembers connected to the first side and the second side, and each crossmember of the plurality of crossmembers having at least one series of openings therethrough; in one particular aspect the frame having crossmembers located to facilitate sealing of the support against screen assembly mounting structure of a vibratory separator; and methods for using such frames and such screen assemblies.

Abstract: An adapter frame has channels that hold multiple die carriers in each channel. The die carriers, such as 2?×2? or 4?×4? waffle packs or GEL-PAK die carriers, slide into the channels and are secured by a spring clip retention mechanism. In other embodiments, the adapter frame has molded individual cavities to hold single die carriers. The adapter frame has the same exterior dimensions as a conventional wafer frame. This allows the adapter frame to be handled at the die sorter output in the same or similar manner as output wafer frames, thereby eliminating the need to change handlers when switching the output from a wafer frame to a specific die carrier.

Abstract: A drinking water filter assembly has a filter cartridge which includes a filter element contained in a pressure vessel for unitary disposal, the cartridge received on a base containing attachment fittings for ease in installation and replacement with limited exposure to contaminants during a filter change. A flow powered flow meter is provided which measures the quantity of flow through the filter for alerting the user to replace the filter cartridge.

Abstract: A method and device for adjusting a volumetric flow balancing system for an extracorporeal blood treatment system receives a pressure signal and calculates a compensation factor that is used to adjust the relative flow rates of the volumetrically balanced fluids. For example, in a hemofiltration system, the flow of waste and and replacement fluid may be balanced volumetrically. Ultrafiltrate may be pumped in a bypass circuit in such a system. The rate of ultrafiltrate flow may be adjusted by the compensation signal. The compensation signal may be empirically derived.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for determining the residual liquid content of solids cakes in centrifuges. The device at least consists of at least two sensors, particularly electrodes (12a, 12b), and of a measuring device (13), which is connected to the sensors and which is provided for measuring the residual moisture, whereby the sensors (12a, 12b) are situated at a distance from one another in the area of the centrifuge basket (1).

Abstract: An apparatus for filtering suspended solids from a liquid having a group of filters mounted inside a filter chamber. The filters divide the chamber into dirty liquid chambers and clean liquid chambers. A wash assembly is disposed within the chamber having vacuum/pump heads in contact with the filters rotates within the chamber. The vacuum/pump heads are connected to a pump and vacuum source located either within or without the apparatus. The vacuum/pump heads either vacuum material up or spray material therefrom in order to clean the filters. As the wash assembly rotates, the vacuum heads are able to contact and clean the entire surface of the filters. The filters are reasonably mounted in the chamber such that they may be removed from the chamber for servicing/replacement without the need to drain the chamber or enter the chamber.

Abstract: A device for diverting the flow of liquid in a wastewater treatment system in flow communication with effluent returning from a recirculating treatment section and in flow communication with a discharge line for removing a portion of treated effluent to a receiving body. The device also has openings for returning a percentage of the effluent back to the wastewater treatment system. A valve operatively responsive to a float in the treatment system whereby when the effluent level in the system falls below a critical point, all of the effluent is recirculated back into the treatment system and when the effluent level rises sufficiently a percentage of cleaned effluent exits the system.

Abstract: An insert for use in a sewer system to remove oils and solvents carried by surface water runoff. The insert includes a holder and a quantity of water permeable, hydrophobic, oil and solvent absorbing material such as melt blown polypropylene. The holder has two functions. It holds an effective quantity of the absorber and holds it in such a way that the surface water is exposed to the absorber to allow oils and solvents to be absorbed. The insert in preferably placed, cartridge-like, at the inlet or outlet of the sewer system so that it may be quickly checked, replaced and serviced. In one embodiment, the insert also contains a leaf trap.

Abstract: The invention relates to one kind of wastewater treatment bioreactor. An aeration zone and a settle zone are provided in the reactor, the aeration device is located above the aeration zone, and a barrier and a gap are arranged between the aeration zone and the settle zone. It has many advantages: high oxidation rate in mixed liquid, high oxygen utilization rate of 40-50%, large volume load, short hydraulic retention time, run as activated sludge system, simple structure, low building cost, better solid-liquid separation effect, little surplus sludge produced, compact microorganism grains in mixed wastewater, and great settle capability. By comparison with other devices and technologies for wastewater treatment, the surplus sludge produced in degradation of 1 kg BOD declines by about 40 percent if the invention is used, which greatly reduces the amount of sludge for treatment.

Abstract: A separation column for chromatography or a medium for solid phase extraction, which comprises a hollow capillary and a collected body packed in the hollow capillary and serving as a stationary phase, the collected body comprising long fibers having an adsorbing ability selective towards a target solute and arranged in the axial direction of the capillary, and a sample injection system which comprises the foregoing hollow capillary incorporated into a loop of a valve or a passage connecting two valves, the valve(s) being used as an injector for the chromatography. The use of the polymeric long fibers, which have chemical structures specially designed so that they can specifically interact with a target substance (a solute or an analyte) to be analyzed, permits the selective or preferential extraction and/or concentration of the solute.

Abstract: Device for improving detection sensitivity in low flow velocity high performance liquid chromatographic apparatus. Preferredly, diffusion promoting device connected at just before separation column and having function of improving detection sensitivity for use in low flow velocity high performance liquid chromatographic apparatus. Also, method for improving detection sensitivity in low flow velocity high performance liquid chromatographic apparatus.

Abstract: A fuel filter includes mating housing portions defining an interior cavity. A pipe in the housing includes a central flow passage with an opening along the length of the pipe, and an exterior groove. A latch device with discrete fingers closely surrounds the pipe and is engageable with the groove to prevent the latch device (68) from moving axially along the pipe. The latch device has an annular sleeve, radially-outwardly spaced from the fingers. A moveable valve device surrounds the pipe and has a valve sleeve normally covering the opening in the pipe. An annular base on the sleeve includes radially projecting tabs defining a plurality of slots. A filter element is removeably located in the housing and has an end cap with a valve actuating portion. The valve actuating portion includes a cylindrical portion and an annular base projecting radially inward from the cylindrical portion.

Abstract: A filtration apparatus includes a tank having an upper chamber and a lower baffle, layers of stone and carbon between the upper chamber and the lower baffle, a water inlet to the upper chamber, and a water outlet below the lower baffle. The upper chamber is divided by a first baffle which separates the chamber into two parts, a first part in direct communication with said water inlet and a second part in direct communication with said backwash outlet. An air manifold coupled to an air pump is placed between the lower baffle and the upper chamber. During backwash, air is mixed with water to cause a turbulent flow. A further baffle is provided between the first baffle and the backwash outlet which provides a more uniform removal of contaminants from the tank.

Abstract: A filtering apparatus of a water dispenser, installed at a water inlet port of the water dispenser is disclosed. The filtering apparatus has a shell. A recessed slot is formed on a top portion of the shell. The recessed slot has a water inlet aperture at a bottom surface thereof, allowing a mouth of a water bottle to be inserted therein. The bottom surface of the shell further comprises a water outlet aperture. Filtering material is installed in the shell. A one-way valve is installed on a top portion of the shell, such that air can flow into the shell via the one-way valve, while water is blocked from flowing out of the shell through the one-way valve. Thereby, by inversely inserting the water bottle into the shell of the filtering apparatus, water is filtered before flowing into the water dispenser.

Abstract: A column apparatus containing a shallow bed of material between fluid transporting fractals of large active surface area results in highly efficient processing with small equipment size.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for receiving and separating chips and coolant collecting on machine tools, the coolant being returned for reuse and the chips being removed, having a receiving tank (1) to receive the chips and the coolant, a rising guide section (3) adjoining the receiving tank (1), an elevated discharge section (4) adjoining the guide section (3), a chain-like closed transport element, which, at least in the region receiving the chips and the coolant and in the discharge section (4), is guided over deflection elements (6,7), at least one of which is coupled to a rotary drive, and a rotatably mounted filter drum (12), which is in drive connection with the transport element. A suggestion is made for preventing unfiltered coolant from penetrating the tanks for filtered coolant in the event the receiving tank overflows.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filtration module for purifying waste water. Said module comprises a plurality of filter membrane pockets having at least one opening (21) for draining the inner region of the same. Said pockets are vertically arranged in a rigid supporting element (11, 12) in a parallel manner, preferably at the same distance from each other, in such a way that the gaps between adjacent filter membrane pockets can be intensively crossed by a liquid. According to the invention, the filtration module is characterised in that the filter membrane pockets are essentially plane and flexible and are fixed to the supporting element on opposite sides, said supporting element comprising at least one evacuation line (20) for evacuating the liquid which is sucked out via the filter membrane pocket openings. Furthermore, the filter membrane pockets have a flexible, liquid-permeable core (16) and a plurality of flexible, liquid-permeable core elements.

Abstract: Devices and methods that prevent clotting of blood during blood-processing procedures such as hemofiltration, hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, and peritoneal dialysis are described. The device comprises a cap and a housing that is shaped to receive a blood filter. The housing has an inlet for blood and may have an outlet for waste and ultrafiltrate. The cap is attached to the housing. The cap has an outlet for blood and a port adjacent the outlet for receiving dilution fluid. Methods of use during blood-processing procedures to provide immediate hemodilution to blood exiting a filter are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a membrane filter, comprising the steps of: fixing a bundle of hydrophilic filter elements by at least a first end in a housing part to be called bottom element, such that the first end of the hydrophilic filter elements is open towards a first side of the housing part and the hydrophilic filter elements extend on the opposite side of the housing part; and subsequently providing for at least one watertight and air-permeable element, in particular a hydrophobic filter element.

Abstract: A screen raking system has a screen and a rake which is driven by a single hydraulic cylinder to move the rake up and down a length of a screen and also move the screening away from the screen, compress the screenings and move them through a waste pipe to an area remote from the screen for disposal.

Abstract: A mass transfer or energy transfer module is provided which includes a manifold, a cartridge and a bowl which houses the cartridge. The cartridge and bowl are connected to each other at least two flanges which fit into slots of the bowl to form a unitary construction.

Abstract: A filter assembly comprising a housing with a threaded open end, a filter element, and a cover assembly. The filter element includes a media ring and a pair of end caps, one of which includes outwardly-projecting fingers. The cover assembly includes a cover member, and a sleeve with recesses in an outer surface. A collar member surrounds the sleeve and is freely rotationally supported by the cover member. The collar member includes i) a threaded portion on an outer surface for screwing the cover member onto the housing, and ii) recesses in an inner surface. The collar member is rotatable relative to the sleeve such that the recesses in the collar member and in the sleeve can be aligned, and the fingers can be inserted therebetween, to rotationally lock the collar member relative to the sleeve and to retain the element with the cover.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a sector-shaped filter element for a disc filter from a pre-corrugated sheet of metallic material, where the sheet is stretched, at least at one face end. A sector-shaped filter element produced by this method has one shorter face end and one longer face end, with the ribs of the corrugated structure radiating outwards from the shorter face end to the longer face end.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing a separation medium starting with an aqueous solution of spherical and preferably functionalised primary particles of defined size, comprising the following steps: a) inverse suspension dispersing said aqueous solution of primary particles as droplets in oil; b) evaporation to remove said aqueous solution and fusion between particles to form spherical aggregates; c) size fractionation of aggregates from step b); and optionally d) repeating steps a) to c) an optional number of times to form progressively larger spherical aggregates. The invention also relates to a separation medium produced by this method. The present separation medium can be used in chromatography in the form of essentially spherical aggregates in packed or expanded bed columns or in the form of assembled aggregates on a support for filtration purposes.

Abstract: A polymeric membrane system containing a polymeric membrane and a substrate with interstitial gaps. Polymeric membrane components reside within the interstitial gaps of the substrate and below the surface of the substrate. Also, the layer of polymeric membrane components is thinner than the cross-sectional thickness of the substrate.

Abstract: A filter media comprising hydroentangled predominant polyester staple length fibers having a basis weight of no more than about 12 oz/yd2, an air permeability of at least about 180 cfm, and machine-direction and cross-direction shrinkage of less than about 3%, exhibiting greater than about 85% capture efficiency with particle sizes in the range of about 30 to 40 microns, and exhibiting greater than about 60% capture efficiency with particle sizes I the range of 20 to 30 microns.

Abstract: A flat or cylindrical screen includes rods and rod-bearing supporting elements. The rods have protrusions in the side walls which are received into inversely shaped recesses in a supporting element. The screen is manufactured by bending the supporting elements open elastically and inserting the rods, whereupon the supporting elements spring back, encircle the rods positively and form a screen mat.

Abstract: A sludge extractor with a receiving tank, on which a suction connection for a suction element, which draws in a sludge-containing liquid, and a discharge connection for discharge element, which discharges the sludge-containing liquid, are mounted, and with a motor for driving a suction device in such a way that a negative pressure is created in the receiving tank, which negative pressure keeps a vacuum valve on the discharge element closed, is characterized in that the negative pressure acting on the vacuum valve is lower than the pressure which acts on the vacuum valve as a result of the sludge-containing liquid when a predetermined fill level is reached by the sludge-containing liquid in the receiving tank.

Abstract: The invention concerns a lamellar clarifier (1) comprising: a) a tank (3) of liquid to be clarified (5); b) means (7) for conveying said liquid (5) into a lower zone (9) of said tank (3); c) means (11) for evacuating said liquid (5) from an upper zone (13) of said tank (3); d) a plurality of clarifying plates (Di) mounted inside said tank (3), defining a plurality of passages extending between said lower (9) and upper (13) zones; and e) means for calibrating said liquid flow (5) between said passages and said upper zone (13). Said calibrating means comprise first tubular members (Ti) mounted inside said tank (3) and integral with said plates (Di), and second tubular members (Tj) arranged substantially staggered relative to said first tubular members (Ti).

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for testing the efficiency of a cleaning procedure for a filter in a filtering system. After the cleaning procedure (21) of the filter, the filter pores contain a fluid (22). The system is pressurized (23), and a decay in pressure over a predetermined time period is measured (24). Based on the pressure decay, it is determined whether or not the cleaning procedure has been effective (25); a pressure decay smaller than a predetermined threshold value indicates that the cleaning procedure has not been effective.

Abstract: A method of filtering a feed of water to provide potable water includes adding a coagulant to the water to be filtered to encourage the formation of flocs. About 0.1 to 1 mg/L of a polymeric flocculation aid is also added to the water to be filtered to further encourage the formation of flocs. Some of the flocs may then removed from the water to be treated, for example with a clarifier. A filtered permeate is removed from the water to be treated with a membrane filtration device. The membrane filtration device may be an immersed suction driven membrane filtration device. The polymeric flocculation aid may be added to the body of water in a dosage between about 0.2 and 0.5 mg/L. The dosage of the polymeric flocculation aid may also be approximately equal to the dosage which gives the minimum turbidity of the water to be treated, for example, as determined by jar testing.

Abstract: A device and system for reversibly trapping and isolating carbohydrate moieties. The apparatus includes an aldehyde-containing trapping material, a trapping means into which the aldehyde-containing trapping material is packable and through which hydrazine-activated carbohydrate-containing samples are passable, and additional hydrazine to release hydrazine-activated carbohydrates from the trapping material. As a result, all remaining non-carbohydrate material is not bound to the apparatus.

Abstract: A method for purifying dry cleaning solvents containing laundry soils. The method employs membrane filtration to enhance the separation of the contaminants from the dry cleaning solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bio-liquid treatment device (10) comprising at least two bio-liquid treatment modules (12, 14, 16) containing a bio-liquid treatment medium (12g, 14g, 16g), the bio-liquid treatment media of at least two bio-liquid treatment modules being different from each other. A series of such bio-liquid treatment modules (12, 14, 16) may provide a bio-liquid treatment device (10) which can provide an enhanced nephrologic therapy, in particular hemodiafiltration.

Abstract: A polymeric composite may be used for forming fluid separation membranes. The membranes may be formed from polyimide, polyamide or poly (pyrrolone-imide) materials. Polyamides may be formed by the condensation of a tetraamine, a tetraacid, and a diamine. Polyimides and poly (pyrrolone-imides) may be formed by the cyclization of a polymer precursor. A polymeric composite may include a dithiolene or a mixture of dithiolenes. A polymer matrix incorporating dithiolenes may exhibit an olefin/paraffin solubility selectivity. A solubility selectivity may be between about 1.1 and about 2.0.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a microfluidic chromatography apparatus comprising a microfabricated fluid delivery system and a chromatography column which is in fluid communication with the fluid delivery system, and a method for producing and using the same. Preferably, the chromatography column comprises an OTLC, PCLC, or combinations thereof.