Abstract: The present invention relates to a work-hardened product, and particularly a rolled, extruded and/or forged product made of an alloy with composition (% by weight): Zn 6.7-7.3% Cu 1.9-2.5% Mg 1.0-2.0% Zr 0.04-0.15% Fe ?0.15 Si ?0.15 other elements ?0.05 each and ?0.15 total, remainder aluminium and wherein Mg/Cu<1. The product is preferable treated by solution heat treatment, quenching, cold working and artificial aging. Cold working may be achieved by controlled tension and/or cold transformation, for example rolling or drawing. The product may be used, for example, as an aircraft structural member.

Abstract: Aluminum alloy products, such as plate, forgings and extrusions, suitable for use in making aerospace structural components like integral wing spars, ribs and webs, comprises about: 6 to 10 wt. % Zn; 1.2 to 1.9 wt. % Mg; 1.2 to 2.2 wt. % Cu, with Mg?(Cu+0.3); and 0.05 to 0.4 wt. % Zr, the balance Al, incidental elements and impurities. Preferably, the alloy contains about 6.9 to 8.5 wt. % Zn; 1.2 to 1.7 wt. % Mg; 1.3 to 2 wt. % Cu. This alloy provides improved combinations of strength and fracture toughness in thick gauges. When artificially aged per the three stage method of preferred embodiments, this alloy also achieves superior SCC performance, including under seacoast conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ultra-high strength steel sheet having excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance, which includes: 0.06 to 0.6% of C; 0.5 to 3% of Si+Al; 0.5 to 3% of Mn; 0.15% or lower of P; and 0.02% or lower of S in terms of mass percentage, and also includes 3% or higher of residual austenite structure, 30% or higher of bainitic ferrite structure, and preferably 50% or lower of polygonal ferrite in terms of an areal ratio to the entire structure, wherein a mean grain size of bainite blocks is smaller than 20 ?m as determined by comparing observations of the same region of the bainitic ferrite structure by EBSP (electron back scatter diffraction pattern) and SEM.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprising a tread portion having tread elements each provided with a sipe, wherein the sipe is open to a upper surface of the tread element, and has an open top end including a zigzag part and a bottom, wherein the sipe comprises: a first portion in which the zigzag part of the open top end extends to a side of the bottom in a state of being inclined to one side of a longitudinal direction of the sipe; a second portion connected to an inner side in a radial direction of the first portion, and in which the zigzag part extends to the side of the bottom in a state of being inclined in an opposite direction to the first portion; and a third portion connected to an inner side in a radial direction of the second portion, and in which the zigzag part extends to the side of the bottom in a state of being inclined in an opposite direction to the second portion, and the sipe satisfies the following relation (1): ?1>?2>?3??(1) where ?1 is a ratio (a1/h1) between a displacement length a1 of t

Abstract: A pneumatic tire is cured and molded by a sectional type tire mold including an annular side mold section having a tread forming surface for forming a tread surface, the side mold section comprising a plurality of sectors into which the side mold section is divided along a circumferential direction of the side mold section. A tread surface, which has first regions formed by sector divisional position vicinity regions of the side mold section and second regions formed by sector divisional position distant regions of the side mold section, has lands defined by at least one circumferential groove which extends in a circumferential direction of the tire. Sipes which extend from the at least one circumferential groove into at least one of the lands with their extension ends located within the at least one land are disposed at predetermined intervals along the tire circumferential direction. The sipes comprise first sipes in the first regions and second sipes in the second regions.

Abstract: The invention relates to the heavy duty radial tire with a bead-wind structure. And carcass cords of the carcass extend while inclining to one side in the tire and the other-side inclined region that extends while inclining to the other side with a lowermost position of the bead core in the tire axial direction being substantially the center. Or, the reinforcing ply is similarly inclined as the carcass cords. With this arrangement, it is possible to improve engaging force of the carcass ply or the reinforcing ply to the bead cores so that shifts of the carcass ply in a blow-by direction can be effectively restricted. It is also an object to provide a heavy duty radial tire that is capable of restricting damages of the beads at the inner end positions A.

Abstract: An outer solid rubber sheet layer having a maximum thickness dispersion value of 0.04 mm is adhered to an inner resin seamless film layer with low stretchability forming a seamless adhered one piece two layer cylinder. The cylinder is formed by placing the two layers between an outer casing mold and a core mold and applying a pneumatic pressure to the cylinder outside of the core mold for vulcanizing and adhering the rubber to the resin film.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method and system for applying decorative tape to a glass sheet. The disclosed system and method allow tape segments that are shorter than a distance between a cutter and a glass engagement position to be applied by an application head to the glass sheet. The system includes the application head, a tape supply, a drive roller, a cutter, and a controller. The application head applies tape segments cut from the tape supply to the glass pane. The drive roller advances the tape dispensed by the application head. The cutter cuts end portions of each tape segment. The controller is programmed to sort moves of the application head, tape supply, drive roller, and cutter to allow tape segments that are shorter than a distance between the cutter and the glass engagement position to be applied to the glass sheet.

Abstract: A method for laminating glass sheets wherein laminating film is placed over one surface of a first glass sheet and the film is heated with microwave radiation to a bonding temperature. Heated areas of the film are successively pressed to the glass sheet in a continuous manner for purging air from between the film and the first glass sheet and for applying bonding pressure. The pressed film areas are then cooled whereby an appropriate bond is attained between the film and the first glass sheet. Thereafter the first glass sheet with its bonded film is subjected to a partial vacuum and a second glass sheet is positioned on the film and the second glass sheet is pressed to the film. The film is then reheated with microwave radiation to a bonding temperature and thereafter cooled whereby an appropriate bond is obtained between the film and the second glass sheet to provide a glass lamination.

Abstract: A drum and a method of building a tire by the use of a unistage system is provided. The method includes the step of providing a drum that has a plurality of drum segments. A section of an outer surface of the drum is formed that has the same radial distance from the axial center of the drum. The drum has a plurality of bead gorges. Another step involves the application of a carcass reinforcement on the section of the outer surface of the drum that has the same radial distance from the axial center of the drum. At least one uncured rubber section is applied on the carcass reinforcement. The carcass reinforcement is wrapped around the uncured rubber section such that the orientation of the uncured rubber section remains the same.

Abstract: Curled decorative mosses and methods for producing same are disclosed wherein the curled decorative mosses have improved bulk and simulate Spanish moss in both appearance and texture.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a patterned layer having a surface profile that provides relief structures within an electronic device. The method comprises the steps of taking a carrier film (50) having an inverse of the required surface profile formed on one side thereof, taking a layer of fixable material (54) located on a substrate (52), laminating the carrier film (50) and substrate (52) such the carrier film causes the required surface profile to be formed in the layer of fixable material with a predetermined offset, and then fixing the fixable material. Lamination may be performed using rollers (56,58) or a vacuum process. The process is designed to ensure that the offset can be kept as low as possible, preferably to within 150 nm.

Abstract: A decorative covering for a flower pot wherein a sheet of material having embossed and printed patterns thereon is formed about at least a portion of the flower pot. The printed pattern may be in or out of register with the embossed pattern, or a portion of the printed and embossed patterns may be in register with one another and a portion of the printed and embossed patterns may be out of register with one another. The sheet of material may be provided by disconnecting the sheet of material from a roll of embossed material having lines of perforations therein.

Abstract: High quality full color images are printed with sublimation inks on transfer paper. The images are applied to prepared surfaces on parts, especially surfaces such as anodized aluminum prepared according to specific processes but also to other materials. Image transfer is accomplished by heating the part and/or the transfer paper and image under pressure. Once the image transfer is complete the parts are processed to ensure longevity of the image. The process may be used to apply images to parts having any 3 dimensional shapes.

Abstract: Method for printing objects, whereby these objects (15) are provided with a multi-layered print, characterized in that to this aim, on one hand, two or more layers of printing medium (10-11-12), which at least partially are situated one above the other, are provided on a supple carrier (13) and, on the other hand, these layers (10-11-12) are simultaneously transferred onto the object (15) to be printed by bringing said carrier (13), together with the layers of printing medium (10-11-12) present thereon, and the object (15) into mutual contact.

Abstract: This invention provides a prepreg excellent in productivity, having the drapability to allow easy shaping according to a mold, excellent in resin impregnation, and excellent in handling convenience. This invention also provides a molded article with excellent mechanical properties obtained by molding the prepreg. The prepreg of this invention is a prepreg comprising reinforcing fibers and a thermoplastic resin, characterized in that an air-permeable layer (B) comprising the thermoplastic resin is laminated on a continuous reinforcing fiber bundle (A), and that the reinforcing fiber bundle (A) and the layer (B) comprising the thermoplastic resin are bonded at their interface.

Abstract: A device and method for laminating CMP pads includes supporting the CMP pad with a board having material compositions similar to the CMP pad. By thus supporting the CMP pad during lamination, there is less likelihood of damage to the CMP pad and better adhesion from lamination. In particular, the CMP pad materials are laminated while in contact with a first board that may have a recess to accept the CMP pad. The pad has dimensions that are equal to or greater than the pad material. In an alternative embodiment, a board is provided on the opposite side of the CMP pad for lamination.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing a substrate for flexible circuit boards which comprises: providing a multilayered insulating resin layer comprising an insulating layer and an adhesive layer; and laminating a metal foil to the insulating layer of the multilayered insulating resin layer via the adhesive layer at a temperature not lower than the glass transition temperature of the insulating layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of reducing damage resulting from environmental electromagnetic effects on a non-metallic surface. The method includes disposing a polymeric sheet material over the non-metallic surface and disposing a metal layer between the non-metallic surface and the polymeric sheet material. Objects which includes a substrate having a non-metallic surface, a halopolymer sheet material disposed over the substrate's non-metallic surface, and a metal layer disposed between the halopolymer sheet material and the substrate's non-metallic surface are also described. Laminates are also disclosed. One such laminate includes a metal layer having a first surface and a second surface, a halopolymer sheet material bonded or adhered to the first surface of the metal layer, and an adhesive disposed on the second surface of the metal layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlled cleaving is presented. Embodiments of the present invention include an apparatus for cleaving a substrate comprising a bottom shell coupled to a hinge mechanism, a top shell coupled to the hinge mechanism, a plurality of o-rings or suction cups coupled to the top and bottom shells for providing a suction force sufficient to exert a tensile force to the top and bottom of a substrate, a compliant member for sealing a portion of a grove edge of a substrate and for maintaining a pressure inside a volume formed between the groove edge and the groove edge of the substrate, a gas port for supplying gas to the volume, and a height adjustment mechanism coupled to the top shell and the bottom shell for separating the top shell from the bottom shell.

Abstract: The invention provides a polishing system and method of its use comprising (a) a liquid carrier, (b) a polymer having a degree of branching of about 50% or greater, and (c) a polishing pad, an abrasive, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method of measuring a change in thickness of a layer of material disposed on a wafer while polishing the layer. Light is directed at the surface of the wafer from an optical sensor disposed within the polishing pad. The intensity of the reflected light is measured by a light detector also disposed in the polishing pad. The intensity of the reflected light varies sinusoidally with the change in layer thickness as the layer is removed. By measuring the absolute thickness of the layer at two or more points along the sinusoidal curve, the sinusoidal curve is calibrated so that a portion of the wavelength of the curve corresponds to a change in thickness of the layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing the contaminants in a wet etching bath by rapidly removing a substantial portion of the etching liquid from the bath such that the contaminants are removed from the air/liquid interface of the bath surface is describe. By rapidly removing a substatial portion of the etching liquid from the bath, contaminants that are trapped by eddy currents and liquid/air surface tension forces are greatly reduced at the surface of the bath. The semiconductor wafers treated showed reduced levels of contamination.

Abstract: A baffle plate assembly for distributing gas flows into an adjacent process chamber containing a semiconductor wafer to be processed includes a planar gas distribution portion having a plurality of apertures therein; a flange surrounding the gas distribution portion; and an impingement device centrally attached to the gas distribution portion, wherein the device includes a cap and a stem, the stem being in thermal contact with the gas distribution portion. Also disclosed herein are plasma reactors employing the baffle plate assembly and methods for reducing recombination of species in a plasma.

Abstract: Method of generating an atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma (APG), wherein said plasma is generated in a discharge space formed between at least one first electrode surface and at least one second electrode surface. The method comprises at least the steps of supplying a gaseous substance to said discharge space and powering said first and said second electrode surface for generating said plasma. Said step of supplying a gaseous substance to the discharge space comprises providing at least one intermediate gas supply stream from at least one of said first and second electrode surfaces. The step of supplying said gaseous substance to the discharge space further comprises providing a main gas supply stream for forcing the at least one intermediate gas supply stream in a direction along the first and second electrode surfaces.

Abstract: The invention concerns a mechanism for laminating profiles, such as plastic window profiles, for example, in which several profile sides, as of L-shaped or Z-shaped profiles, for example, can be laminated at the same time, by means of a single work pass, in that an adjustable slide, which establishes a glue-free zone between the laminating foils, is provided in the device for applying the bonding agent.

Abstract: A new apparatus is described for storing and dispensing a masking film, which apparatus comprises a housing body enclosing a roll compartment for receiving a roll of film, as well as a housing floor, a housing cover and a cutting apparatus. The housing body further comprises a dispensing slot for removing a masking film which is parallel to the roll axis and a cutting slot which is parallel thereto. A holder guide means is arranged in the housing cover, in which the cutting apparatus (4) with the blade held by the blade holder is movable along the cutting slot. A leaf spring provided on the blade holder holds the blade in the guide slot when the cutting apparatus is not used. When cutting is performed, the blade is pressed out of the guide slot into the cutting slot by pressing against the blade holder and the film is severed by simultaneous movement of the cutting apparatus along the cutting slot.

Abstract: A transfer device A comprises a refillable cartridge 1 that holds the transfer paste T and a transfer head K to make the transfer paste T contact with an object on which the transfer paste T is to be transferred, a case 2 that accommodates the refillable cartridge 1 detachably, and a sliding member 3 that is mounted on the case 2 and that can make a sliding movement relative to the case 2, and is so arranged that the refillable cartridge 1 and the case 2 are separated through a separating mechanism X that moves the refillable cartridge 1 linearly toward a direction that is different from a sliding direction of the sliding member 3 in conjunction with the sliding movement of the sliding member 3, wherein grooves 221, 231 that extend toward the direction generally orthogonal to the sliding direction of the sliding member 3 are arranged on the case 2 and projecting portions 125a, 125b that are guided by the grooves 221, 231 in conjunction with the sliding movement of the sliding member 3 is arranged on the refil

Abstract: A transfer tape dispenser comprises a housing and a supply spool and a take up spool disposed within the housing. A carrier ribbon has a first end and a second end, with the first end connected to the supply spool, and the second end connected to the take-up spool. An applicator tip is partially disposed within the housing and includes a platform with a front edge, a rear edge, a first side edge, a second side edge, a top surface, a bottom surface. A first wall is adjacent to the first side edge and a second wall is adjacent to the second side edge. At least one protuberance extends from the applicator tip and is adapted to maintain outer edges of the transfer tape adjacent to the top surface of the platform.

Abstract: A retractable blind assembly including a top section (3,103) with a vertically-extending blind covering material (23,123) extending between a fixed inclined head rail (5,105) and a middle rail (7,107) that is pivotable with respect to the head rail (5,105) about a pivot center that is adjacent to a lowermost end of the head rail, the head rail extending upwardly at an acute angle, the middle rail (7,107) being pivotable between a lower position, in which the middle rail extends horizontally, when the covering material is extended and an upper position, in which the middle rail extends upwardly at an acute angle and is adjacent the head rail, when the covering material is retracted, the covering material in the top section (3,103) having a generally triangular shape with an unattached short apex (13,113) about the pivot center and an opposite, unattached, long side (15,115) when the covering material is extended, a bottom section (9,109) with the covering material extending between the middle rail (7,107) and

Abstract: A cellular covering for a roll-up type shade assembly is described. According to one embodiment, the covering typically comprises a plurality of cells vertically disposed on a backing sheet. Each cell is configured to self-inflate when unrolled from a roller of the shade assembly.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an adjustable blind structure, which comprises a rectangular frame, a plurality of rotary shutters disposed in the frame, a link corner rod fixed onto one side of the frame for simultaneously controlling all of the shutters to rotate to a predetermined angle, and a brake structure for controlling the link corner rod to fix into a position in order to set the shutters to the predetermined angle.

Abstract: A sectional door (20) having a plurality of panels (21) joined for moving between open and closed positions of the door and having pinch resistant panel-to-panel interfaces (41), said panels having a body portion (21?) spacing said interfaces, an inner surface (23) and an outer surface (22) of said body portion, and decorative components (31, 32) arranged in a patterned design upon said outer surface of said body portion, said decorative components being positioned on said panels proximate to said panel-to-panel interfaces and having portions that releasably engage said panels to provide a pinch resistant interface between decorative components on adjacent of said panels.

Abstract: A gate apparatus comprising a first frame, a second frame and a plurality of rails, wherein each of the first and second frames comprises a vertical post and a plurality of cross-bars, and wherein the cross-bars of the first frame increase in length from the top cross-bar to the bottom cross-bar, and the difference in length between each cross-bar and the one below it is at least equal to the width of each rail, and wherein the cross-bars of the second frame increase in length from the bottom cross-bar to the top cross-bar, and the difference in length between each cross-bar and the one above it is at least equal to the width of each rail. The gate apparatus includes a means of attaching the rails to the cross-bars that allows the rails to pivot vertically. A wheel is attached to the vertical post of the second frame.

Abstract: A gate apparatus comprising a first frame, a second frame and a plurality of rails, wherein each of the first and second frames comprises a vertical post and a plurality of cross-bars, and wherein the cross-bars of the first frame increase in length from the top cross-bar to the bottom cross-bar, and the difference in length between each cross-bar and the one below it is at least equal to the width of each rail, and wherein the cross-bars of the second frame increase in length from the bottom cross-bar to the top cross-bar, and the difference in length between each cross-bar and the one above it is at least equal to the width of each rail. The gate apparatus includes a means of attaching the rails to the cross-bars that allows the rails to pivot vertically. A wheel is attached to the vertical post of the second frame.

Abstract: A sectional door (20) having a plurality of panels (21 )joined for moving between open and closed positions of the door and having pinch resistant panel-to-panel interfaces (41), said panels having a body portion (21?) spacing said interfaces, an inner surface (23) and an outer surface (22) of said body portion, and decorative components (31, 32) arranged in a patterned design upon said outer surface of said body portion, said decorative components being positioned on said panels proximate to said panel-to-panel interfaces and attached to said panels for movement of said decorative components to provide a pinch resistant interface between decorative components on adjacent of said panels.

Abstract: A slat set for a window blind includes a plurality of serially alternatively arranged odd-numbered slats and even-numbered slats. The odd-numbered slats each have a cross section having a midpoint, a recessed portion at a left side of the midpoint, and a raised portion at a right side of the midpoint. The even-numbered slats each have a cross section having a midpoint, a raised portion at a left side of the midpoint, and a recessed portion at a right side of the mid point.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mechanism comprising at least one spring (3) for compensating the weight of a closing screen, said spring (3) being fixed, at one of its ends (32), to a ring (6) which is rotatably arranged around a shaft (4) having a circular cross-section. A stop spring (7) which is arranged around the shaft (4) ensures a one-way coupling between the ring (6) and the shaft (4), means (8) being provided for controlling the centripetal effort exerted on said shaft (4) by the stop spring (7).

Abstract: A cover pad for an upright wall having an improved support for simplifying attachment of a flexible covering such as fabric. The support includes a flat substrate sized to closely conform to the assembled cover pad. A ringlike frame defined by frame elements extend along edges of the substrate. Each frame element has a first elongate part engaged with the respective edge of the substrate, and a second elongate part joined to the first part by a lengthwise hinge. The second part functions as a hinging flange which is initially in an open position generally aligned with a front face of the substrate so that a flexible covering can be secured, as by adhesive, to an exposed surface of the flange while maintaining the fabric positioned across the face of the substrate. The hinging flanges of the frame elements are folded inwardly to overlie respective edges of the substrate, thereby securing the fabric across the face of the substrate and wrapped around the edges thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a roller blind, particularly a window roller blind, for motor vehicles, with a winding shaft, a mounting arrangement for mounting the winding shaft with variable alignment, a blind which is windable up on the winding shaft, and in the region of each end of the winding shaft a respective spring means arrangeable stationary with respect to the motor vehicle and engaging in the region of the respective winding shaft end for automatic alignment of the winding shaft 6. The mounting arrangement in the region of each spring means has a moveable bearing for moveably mounting the respective winding shaft end in a direction substantially parallel to the pulling direction of the blind.

Abstract: Methods of treating lignocellulosic pulp with cavitation are disclosed. The methods include delignifying a slurry comprising lignocellulos pulp in the presence of cavitation and bleaching a delignified pulp in the presence of cavitation. Delignification can be done by contacting a lignocellulosic pulp slurry with an oxidizing agent in a cavitation zone. Bleaching can be carried out by contacting a delignified pulp slurry with a bleaching agent in a cavitation zone.

Abstract: The present invention discloses methods of bleaching chemical pulp that use xylanase enzymes after chemical bleaching. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a chlorine dioxide stage to produce a partially bleached pulp, treating the partially bleached pulp with a xylanase enzyme, optionally in the presence of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, in a mild extraction stage, then bleaching the pulp with a second chlorine dioxide stage. The method allows the mill to decrease the usage of sodium hydroxide or other alkali, while decreasing the use of chlorine dioxide, and possibly improving the yield and strength of the pulp, while maintaining a similar level of bleached brightness of the pulp. The pulp bleaching method of the present invention may be performed in a pulp mill as part of a complex pulp bleaching process.

Abstract: A carbon fiber paper including carbon fibers having a surface area ratio of 1.05 or more, and a porous carbon electrode substrate for a fuel cell having this carbon fiber paper as a constituent. The electrode substrate for a fuel cell has carbon fibers uniformly dispersed therein and is flexible. The carbon fiber paper is suitable for production of the electrode substrate.

Abstract: A starch composition is made by cooking a starch and combining the cooked starch with a polymer, the polymer containing anionic groups or potential anionic groups. Another starch composition is made by combining a starch with a polymer, the polymer containing anionic groups or potential anionic groups, and cooking the combined starch and polymer composition. A dry starch composition, suitable for forming an additive for a paper furnish, includes a starch and a polymer containing anionic groups or potential anionic groups. Methods of making the starch composition are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved paper production process according to which a cross-linked polymer prepared in reverse-phase emulsion and sheared before introduction into the fibrous mass is used as the main retention aid, and then bentonite is used as the secondary retention aid (a dual type system). The two additions are not separated by any mandatory stage for intense shearing of the fibrous suspension (or mass). The paper manufacturer can therefore be free from the constraints of shearing the pulp. A distinctly improved retention of the fines is obtained, and also a distinct improvement in drainage. In addition, the bentonite content in the white water is reduced. Lastly, excellent formation is maintained.

Abstract: Twin-wire former for producing a fibrous web. The former includes two endless wire belts arranged to form a twin-wire zone, a dewatering element, and a headbox positioned at an angle relative to an imaginary first horizontal plane. The twin-wire zone includes a first section in which the two wire belts are arranged to run over the dewatering element. The two wire belts are further positioned to form a wedge-like inlet gap that is structured and arranged to receive a fibrous stock suspension directly from the headbox. Additional dewatering elements are utilized. The twin-wire zone includes a second section in which the two wire belts along with the fibrous web formed between the two wire belts are arranged to run downward over the additional dewatering elements. This Abstract is not intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: Molded fiber products using agriculture residues are economical and environmentally beneficial. Molded fiber manufacturing is different from molded pulp. The present invention discloses a method of and an apparatus for the manufacturing of molded fiber shaped body (10) using low consistency fiber slurry (12) subject to vacuum-forming and thermo-curing. The use of porous material as mold inserts for both vacuum-forming (101) and thermo-curing (102) stations provides improved productivity and enables ease of mold release. The incorporation of self-cleaning techniques further ensures consistent performance of the manufacturing system.

Abstract: A non-coated gravure printing paper offering good gravure printability—particularly as evidenced in the reduced generation of speckling, was obtained by improving the cushioning property of the paper and thus improving its adhesion with the photogravure cylinder—by means of adding a substance or substances, such as surface-active agents, which will inhibit the binding between pulp fibers in the paper and which, when added to an ideal level of 0.3 weight % of the bone-dry weight of pulp, will reduce the tensile strength of paper in the machine direction by 5 to 40% as measured in accordance with JIS P 8113, compared with the level when no such substance is added.

Abstract: A web of tissue is formed in a twin wire former, followed by an air press for water removal in the pressing section, passing onto a Yankee dryer. A headbox injects stock between upper and lower dryer fabrics brought together on a breast roll. The fabrics moves over vacuum boxes, and the web is heated with steam and passed between an upper pressure box and a lower vacuum box forming an air press which dewaters the web. A sheet transfer pickup vacuum box holds the sheet to the upper fabric as the lower fabric diverges from the upper fabric. A pressure roller transfers the web onto a Yankee dryer. The fabrics are cleaned on vertical runs before returning to the breast roll. A final forming fabric is arranged to operated at a lower speed than the penultimate forming fabric so that a rush transfer and creping like action takes place.

Abstract: A variable frequency foil (VFF) box assembly and mechanisms for moving individual foils/foil beams and individual foil beam sets relative to each other to adjust the frequency of a paper making machine, and method of use are provided. The VFF box assembly allows for continuously and uniformly adjusting the pitch distances of individual foils within foil sets over a finite range, and also adjusting the distance between foil sets during the continuous operation of a paper making machine. Also provided is a variable frequency assembly comprising a combination of dewatering elements such as one or more foil elements and table rolls, a multi-surfaced foil element, and/or an adjustable angle foil element.