Abstract: The ship body of the present invention comprises at least two levels. One is an upper level that comprises a floatable body. The other is a lower level. The lower level is intended to be submerged under water in normal use. The lower level comprises at least two parallel, essentially vertical walls, a floor, and a ceiling connecting the at least two parallel essentially vertical walls. The front end and a rear end of the lower level are open to allow water to enter through the front end and exit through the rear end of the lower level.

Abstract: An appendage for an outrigger for trolling baits and lures outboard of the hull and forward of or close to the boat's stern wake which is created when the boat moves through the water. The appendage is configured for attachment to the outrigger, and movable from an retracted position to an extended position after attachment to the outrigger. The appendage may comprise a hinge, spring or other mechanism to allow the appendage to swing, fold or otherwise move between retracted and extended positions, and a control line or other means to control the movement of the appendage between retracted and extended positions. The appendage may also comprise one or more halyards and release clips for releasably holding lines attached to baits or lures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a security film comprising a fibrous substrate incorporated at least partially in which is a security strip that comprises at least one security element and that extends between two edges of said fibrous substrate, said security strip being made of paper and comprising an adhesive.

Abstract: A locating device includes a surface, an actuator, and a tactile guide coupled to the surface. The tactile guide extends from a location on the surface away from the actuator and terminates at a location on the surface adjacent to the actuator.

Abstract: A gauge may employ a dial plate, a pointer shaft driven by a motor, a printed circuit board having a plurality of light sources, such as LEDs, and a motor. An upper pointer may be located on a viewed side of the dial plate and a lower pointer may be located on an unviewed side of the dial plate. The upper and lower pointers are attached to the pointer shaft. The lower pointer is positioned to receive light from the light source and direct the light into indicia and graduations of the dial plate, and into the upper pointer. An area surrounding the upper pointer is more brightly lit than other areas of the dial plate. A light-collecting ring may collect light and transmit light into the lower pointer. The ring may be an integral or attached part of the lower pointer or it may be a detached and separate piece.

Abstract: In consideration of influence of segregation, an evaporation area of a volatile dopant and influence of a pulling-up speed at the time of manufacturing a monocrystal by use of a monocrystal pulling-up device, an evaporation speed formula for calculating an evaporation speed of the dopant is derived. At a predetermined timing during pulling-up, gas flow volume and inner pressure in a chamber are controlled such that a cumulative evaporation amount of the dopant, calculated based on the evaporation speed formula, becomes a predetermined amount. A difference between a resistivity profile of the monocrystal predicted based on the evaporation speed formula and an actual resistivity profile is made small. Since no volatile dopant is subsequently added, increase in workload on an operator, increase of manufacturing time, an increase in amorphous adhering to the inside of the chamber, and an increase in workload at the time of cleaning the inside of the chamber can be prevented.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fused silica crucible by heating and melting a vitreous silica powder compact shaped into a mold using arc discharge of electrodes arranged around a rotation shaft of the mold, includes the steps of: arranging the electrodes in a ring shape, and setting a ratio W/R of a horizontal distance W between the electrode front end and the surface of the vitreous silica powder compact to a vitreous silica powder compact opening radius R, for at least a predetermined time during arc heating, to be in the range of 0.002 to 0.98.

Abstract: A fluid distribution apparatus and method of forming such an apparatus is provided. A fluid distribution apparatus includes a body, a plenum, an inlet, and an outlet. The body is formed from at least one of a nitride, carbide, carbonitride, oxynitride of elements comprising boron, aluminum, silicon, gallium, refractory hard metals, transition metals, and rare earth metals, or complexes or combinations thereof. The plenum is positioned within the body. The inlet passes through a first portion of the body and is in fluid communication with the plenum, and the outlet passes through a second portion of the body and is also in fluid communication with the plenum.

Abstract: A coating system compositions is disclosed. The composition comprises: (a) about 40% to 50% wt. water; (b) about 8% to 15% wt. resin; (c) about 10% to 25% wt. pigmented dispersion; (d) about 3% to 25% wt. opacifier; (e) about 3% to 6% wt. solvent; and (f) about 0.5 to 4% wt. coating agent.

Abstract: A coating powder filtration system containing a fluidizing unit to fluidize coating powder upstream of a powder outlet.

Abstract: A paint booth that eliminates paint mist from air containing paint mist and volatile organic compounds (VOC) generated within a paint room in a highly-efficient manner is provided. The paint booth includes a collecting chamber that holds booth circulating water and is provided with a forced contact section having curved guide plates. An end section of each of the guide plates is provided with a water surface plate. The water surface plates are made of plate-shaped members and are disposed above the surface of the booth circulating water that serves as collecting water, such that a necessary space between the water surface plates and the water surface is maintained. Preferably, the water surface plates are formed in a flat or corrugated sheet shape.

Abstract: A film coating device for coating a flexible substrate includes a housing and a film coating holder for holding the flexible substrate. The housing defines a chamber, and the film coating holder is received in the chamber. The film coating holder includes a motor, a driving roller, and a driven roller. The driving roller is rotatable by a motor relative to the housing. The driven roller is substantially parallel to the driving roller. The driven roller is rotatable together with the driving roller by transmission of the flexible substrate.

Abstract: An electrohydrodynamic spraying or spinning deposition system, which includes a common source of pressurized liquid within a manifold, and an array of 2 or more spraying tips, each tip being fed from the common source of pressurized liquid to create a liquid flow path. An individual flow impedance device is disposed within each tip's individual liquid flow path from the pressurized liquid source into each spraying tip. The individual flow impedance devices are disposed within a replaceable sheet, which can be easily cleaned or changed to accommodate the instance liquid viscosity and composition. A high voltage source is applied to create a high voltage potential applied between the tip array and a deposition surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming an alignment layer comprising: at least one alignment layer forming line having a plurality of alignment layer forming units; a plurality of alignment material coating devices disposed at each alignment layer forming unit and configured to coat an alignment material on a substrate of the corresponding alignment layer forming units; at lest one alignment material supplying unit having a plurality of second alignment material containers for supplying the alignment material to each alignment material coating device; a central supplying unit connected to the at least alignment material supplying unit and having at least one first alignment material container for supplying the alignment material to the at least one alignment material supplying unit; a supplying pipe configured to connect the at least one alignment material supplying unit to the central supplying unit; and a controller configured to measure the remnant amount of alignment material of the at least one alignment material supp

Abstract: A plasma excitation device is described for use in depositing a film on a substrate from a plasma formed by distributed electron cyclotron resonance. The device comprises a microwave antenna having an end from which microwaves are emitted, a magnet disposed in the region of the said antenna end and defining therewith an electron cyclotron resonance region in which a plasma can be generated, and a gas entry element having an outlet for a film precursor gas or a plasma gas. The outlet is arranged to direct gas towards a film deposition area situated beyond the magnet, as considered from the microwave antenna.

Abstract: A method of treating a metal surface of a portion of a substrate processing system to lower a defect concentration near a processed surface of a substrate includes forming a protective coating on the metal surface, wherein the protective coating includes nickel (Ni) and a fluoropolymer. Forming the protective coating on the metal surface can further include forming a nickel layer on the metal surface, impregnating the nickel layer with a fluoropolymer, and removing fluoropolymer from the surface leaving a predominantly nickel surface so the fluoropolymer is predominantly subsurface. A substrate processing system includes a process chamber into which a reactant gas is introduced, a pumping system for removing material from the process chamber, a first component with a protective coating, wherein the protective coating forms a surface of the component which is exposed to an interior of the substrate processing chamber or an interior of the pumping system.

Abstract: Disclosed is an evaporating apparatus for performing a film forming process on a target object to be processed by vapor deposition, wherein a processing chamber and a vapor generating chamber are disposed adjacent to each other, gas exhaust mechanisms for depressurizing an inside of the processing chamber and an inside of the vapor generating chamber are installed, a vapor discharge opening for discharging a vapor of the film forming material is disposed in the processing chamber, vapor generating units for vaporizing the film forming material and control valves for controlling a supply of the vapor of the film forming material are disposed in the vapor generating chamber, and flow paths, which are not exposed to an outside of the processing chamber and the vapor generating chamber, for supplying the vapor of the film forming material generated in the vapor generating units to the vapor discharge opening are installed.

Abstract: A substrate support frame for loading or unloading a substrate on or from a susceptor in a chamber, wherein the substrate support frame is disposed over the susceptor, comprises a body supporting a boundary portion of the substrate; a first opening through a center portion of the body and exposing a center portion of the susceptor; and a second opening corresponding to one side of the body, wherein the substrate is disposed on the body through the second opening to overlap the center portion of the susceptor.

Abstract: A shutter disk having a tuned coefficient of thermal expansion is provided herein. In some embodiments, a shutter disk having a tuned coefficient of thermal expansion may include a body formed from a first material comprising at least two components, wherein a ratio of each of the at least two components to one another is selected to provide a coefficient of thermal expansion of the body that is substantially similar to a coefficient of thermal expansion of a second material to be deposited atop the body.

Abstract: Mastitis in a milking animal is detected through sensing the capacitance effects in milk. Using frequencies of greater than 60 megahertz applied by a capacitance probe to milk as it streams through otherwise conventional milking equipment during milking, yields a reliably discernable shift in the phase angle, indicating the presence of mastitis.

Abstract: A bed system for a pet comprising a bed assembly having an outside shell and an inside surface opposing the outside shell. The inside surface comprises an outwardly concave configuration that includes a depth, the bed assembly being filled with a plural of fiber bundles that are heated so as to melt into a integrally formed article.

Abstract: A portable box-like carrier with an insert which holds absorbent pads that are easily found in any pet store and allows dogs to eliminate indoors inside a designated area and makes clean-up easy and sanitary. The waste box can be used as an easy solution to housebreak dogs and as a permanent indoor toilet fixture thereafter. The device eliminates the problems associated with other indoor housebreaking and dog waste disposal methods and brings the qualities of both a lifter box and absorbent pad into one product. The device is a portable, suitcase style box that can travel easily and uses a nesting insert that makes clean up more sanitary by keeping a portion of the absorbent pad from contamination.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a structure for supporting multi-layer aquaculture facilities by the usage of construction scaffold systems and other supporting structures used by commercial storage/retrieval and horticulture greenhouse systems, allowing rapid construction of multi-layer aquaculture systems to be achieved with commercially available components.

Abstract: A mechanized collector for collecting juvenile lobsters to be raised in a growout system is disclosed. The mechanized collector may be formed from a vessel, a longline support system capable of supporting and suspending a longline having a plurality of juvenile lobster collectors above a deck of the vessel, and a shaker assembly positioned to engage at least one of the plurality of juvenile lobster collectors suspended above the deck of the vessel and attached to the longline. The shaker assembly may be configured to shake the plurality of juvenile lobster collectors individually or collectively together, thereby causing the juvenile lobsters to fall into a collection trough positioned under the collector. The plurality of juvenile lobster collectors may be attached to the longline and formed from at least one generally flat panel that is suspended generally vertically in water above the longline with at least one float.

Abstract: An Electronic Shark Deterrent provides protection from, and for, sharks and other aquatic creatures. Compact low power circuitry generates high voltage periodic pulse train bursts, disturbing the electroreceptors of the aquatic Elasmobranchi subclass. A train of thirty 33 us 250 Volt (V) electric pulses lasting one second is produced every six seconds. The device is fully portable, requiring no bulky activity impeding buoys, cords, or external power supplies. Advanced circuitry is compact enough to be worn on a watch sized band or attached to garments and recreation or safety equipment. The deterrent can be used in a fixed configuration to protect fish farms and vacation resort swimming areas. It can be affixed to offshore oil rigs and research stations to protect workers. The Electronic Shark Deterrent is compact and portable enough to be used on longlines, trawls and gillnets to reduce the numbers of endangered aquatic creatures unnecessarily destroyed as bycatch.

Abstract: An enclosure is provided having openings for entry of rodents within the enclosure. There is arranged one or more applicators in the form of a suspended flexible web configured to contact rodents entering the chamber and having a chemical on the web for application to the rodents.

Abstract: Systems and methods for using a scent elimination device to conceal contraband and then training service animals to determine if an ozone-based scent-removal technique has been used to remove scent from contraband are disclosed. The systems and methods comprise providing a plurality of packages. At least one of the plurality of packages containing a predetermined amount of a contraband substance. Further, the systems and methods comprise generating a gaseous stream of descenting material from a portable device. The gaseous stream of descenting material contains ozone. Further, the systems and methods comprise dispersing the gaseous stream of descenting material over the contraband in a concentration sufficient to eliminate the scent. The descented contraband may be placed in an enclosure for transport. Further, the systems and methods comprise introducing a service animal to the plurality of packages.

Abstract: A furnace of a boiler for a power plant includes an outer water tube section adapted to receive water from the outside and heat the water into hot water (including steam); and an inner water tube section adapted to receive water from the outside and heat the water into hot water (including steam) while allowing the water to be moved upwardly. The outer water tube section is formed in a shape gradually increasing or substantially uniform in diameter from the bottom toward the middle portion M, and gradually decreasing, increasing and decreasing again in diameter from the middle portion M toward the top, and the inner water tube section is formed in a shape gradually decreasing and increasing in diameter from the bottom toward the middle portion M, and gradually decreasing, increasing and decreasing again in diameter from the middle portion M toward the top.

Abstract: A one-piece tube for use as a watertube within a watertube boiler or heat exchanger has a free end section that is formed to have an integral, outward-extending circumferential ring, or flange, a spaced distance from an adjacent end face of the tube. A boiler is provided that has an elongate header and a plurality of separate watertubes each having an intermediate section and opposite end sections. An end section of each watertube is connected to the header. The intermediate section of each watertube has a substantially constant outer diameter along its full length and is closely spaced to adjacent watertubes within the combustion chamber. At least one of the end sections of each watertube has a transition that reduces the diameter of the watertube as it extends from the intermediate section to an outwardly-extending circumferential flange. This arrangement permits close spacing of the connection sites of the watertubes to the header and permits the connection sites to be provided in a linear array.

Abstract: An electro-magnetic internal combustion engine having means to operate in an electro-magnetic configuration, in an internal combustion configuration, and in an electro-magnetic internal combustion combination configuration.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus that cools with coolant a subject of cooling, which is a heat source. The cooling apparatus includes a cooling circuit, an electric pump, a switching section, and a control section. Through circulation of the coolant, air in the cooing circuit is caused to flow to an air bleeding portion and is discharged from the cooling circuit through the air bleeding portion. The switching section is capable of switching the operation mode of the electric pump between a normal mode and an air bleeding mode for collecting air in the cooling circuit to the air bleeding portion. During the air bleeding mode, the control section is capable of controlling the electric pump to change a coolant displacement from the electric pump according to a change pattern that allows stagnant air in sections of the cooling circuit to flow to the air bleeding portion.

Abstract: A system for managing the heat fluxes of an aircraft including at least one propulsion system that integrates a turbomachine and a cell including at least one fuel tank to supply the turbomachine via a fuel supply circuit, and at least one source of thermal effluents connected to a cell cooling circuit that integrates first elements for ensuring heat transfer between a coolant circulating in the cell cooling circuit and an air flow channeled into at least one cooling air channel extending from at least one air intake up to at least one air exhaust, whereby the system includes second elements for ensuring heat transfer between a coolant circulating in the cell cooling circuit and the fuel, a fuel circuit connecting the at least one tank to the second heat transfer elements, whereby the air intake includes blocking elements that can occupy a first open state for air to pass inside the channel and a second closed state to block the air intake.

Abstract: An apparatus for charge air cooling for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, comprising a first heat exchanger, in particular for charge air high-pressure cooling, and at least one second heat exchanger, in particular for charge air low-pressure cooling, and at least one first connecting element for connecting a first heat exchanger and the at least one second heat exchanger together, at least one coolant supply conduit for supplying at least one heat exchanger with coolant, at least one coolant discharge conduit for the discharge of coolant from at least one of the heat exchangers, wherein the at least one coolant supply conduit and the at least one coolant discharge conduit are arranged substantially completely in the at least one connecting element.

Abstract: Improvements in a gas powered engine. Said improvements include use of a piston with a fixed piston arm that extends through a seal in the lower portion of the cylinder. In a four-stroke engine the down chamber uses a supercharger for the upper chamber cylinder engine. In the two-stroke engine the down chamber is used as a compressor chamber and the compressed air passes to the upper chamber. The piston arm operates on an elliptical crank that drives the output shaft. Valves that move air and exhaust into and out of the pistons are lifted by a cam located on the crank. A unique oil injector passes oil between the rings when the piston in at the bottom of the stroke.

Abstract: In addition to the pressure for swaging applied when swaging is performed, a pressure in the direction the same as the direction of the holding force exerted by a swaged portion is applied to a pressure receiving edge portion of a bearing holder by the pressure applied by a swaging roller. As a result, the elastic deformation in a circumferential wall portion that is not bent is advanced and the amount of elastic deformation of the bearing holder in the axial direction is reduced, so that it is possible to increase the difference in the amount of elastic deformation between the bearing holder and an outer race. Thus, the axial residual stress in the bearing holder is increased after the swaging is completed, as compared to the case of the ordinary swaging. Accordingly, it is possible to increase the holding force for holding the outer race.

Abstract: An exhaust valve device includes an exhaust valve formed by a valve body, a valve stem and a valve element, which opens and closes an exhaust passage provided in the valve body, mounted on the valve stem that is inserted into and supported rotatably by the valve body; and an actuator that drives the exhaust valve to open and close. The actuator includes an electric actuator, and an opening detection sensor to detect an opening of the exhaust valve. Further, the electric actuator and the opening detection sensor are disposed coaxially, a connecting shaft that connects the two is disposed parallel to and offset from the valve stem of the exhaust valve, and the connecting shaft and valve stem are connected by a link mechanism.

Abstract: An engine with a valve opening arrangement includes an engine including at least one cylinder and at least one valve for opening and closing an opening in the cylinder. The valve is spring loaded to a closed position. The engine also includes a movable contact surface for urging the valve to an open position, and a control arrangement at least partially connected to the contact surface and operable in a modified mode to at least one of advance opening and delay closing of the valve relative to opening and closing in a normal mode.

Abstract: A brushless motor of a variable valve mechanism varies a actuation parameter of an intake valve of an engine. A position sensor outputs a pulse signal when the brushless motor rotates. A position counter calculates a counter value by counting edges of the pulse signal. A motor control device obtains a detection value of a motor rotational angle based on the counter value when the motor control device is in a powered state. An engine control device determines that the detection value of the motor rotational angle is displaced from the actual value when the engine control device detects that the engine is operating and the motor control device portion is in a non-powered state.

Abstract: A continuously variable valve lift apparatus includes an input cam disposed on an input shaft, a valve opening unit, a control shaft disposed in parallel with the input shaft, a variable member that contacts the input cam, wherein a relative distance between a contact portion of the variable member and the input cam, and the control shaft is variable according to relative angel changes between the variable member and the control shaft, a driving unit that is connected with the variable member and pivots around the control shaft and a driving cam that is disposed between the driving unit and the valve opening unit and drives the valve opening unit according to the pivoting of the driving unit.

Abstract: An engine includes: a crankshaft 12; a camshaft 36; and a timing transmission system 37 which has a drive rotation member 45, a driven rotation member 46, and an endless power transmission member 47, and which provides connection between the crankshaft 12 and the camshaft 36. An access window 55 through which the driven rotation member 46 is attached to and detached from the camshaft 36 is opened in an outer end surface 5c of the cylinder head 5. A lid body 57 for closing the access window 55 is jointed to the outer end surface 5c. The outer end surface 5c of the cylinder head 5 comprises a slanted surface 5c which is inclined so that at least a part of an outer periphery of the driven rotation member 46 on a side opposite from the drive rotation member 45 is exposed from the access window 55.

Abstract: A motorcycle engine includes a cylinder block with an axis extending perpendicularly or slightly inclined forwardly. A cylinder head includes an intake port, an exhaust port disposed on a front surface of the cylinder head opposite the intake port, an engine hanger boss, a coolant temperature sensor mounting portion, and a cam chain tensioner lifter. The intake port has an outer opening having a center disposed on a level upward of a center of an outer opening of the exhaust port. The engine hanger boss is provided on either side of the cylinder head, has a centerline that crosses the intake port, and disposed upwardly of an upper end of the outer opening of the exhaust port. The cam chain tensioner lifter and the coolant temperature sensor are in an overlapping position in a side view, downwardly of the engine hanger boss and an open end of the intake port.

Abstract: A lash adjuster is provided which includes a cylindrical housing having an open top and formed with an internal thread on an inner periphery thereof, a screw rod having an external thread formed on an outer periphery thereof and in threaded engagement with the internal thread, and a spring biasing the screw rod outwardly of the housing. Each of the internal thread and the external thread having a pressure flank configured to receive pressure when a force that tends to push the screw rod into the housing acts on the screw rod, and a clearance flank having a smaller flank angle than the pressure flan. The screw rod has an end protruding from the housing and configured to support an arm of a valve operating mechanism so as to be pivotable about this end. Oil film expelling grooves are formed in the pressure flank of the external thread, using a tap having a thread that extends so as to cross the internal thread.

Abstract: A cold-formed ball plunger blank is provided for use in manufacturing a finished ball plunger used in a hydraulic lash adjuster that includes a check valve assembly having a check ball and a retainer. The ball plunger blank includes a cup-shaped member that extends from a first end to a second end along a longitudinal axis. The cup-shaped member includes a ball portion adjacent the first end of the member and a body portion adjacent the second end of the member. The body portion has a cavity disposed therein, a counterbore extending from the second end of the body towards the first end of the member, and a shoulder that separates the cavity from the counterbore and at least partially closes the cavity. The shoulder defines a ball seat surface configured to receive the check ball and a retainer receiving surface configured to receive the retainer, wherein the ball seat surface and the retainer receiving surface are to sized to the final dimensions of the finished ball plunger.

Abstract: In a vehicle having an air cleaner for cleaning incoming intake air supplied to an engine, a stepped surface is formed on at least one of a plurality of walls of an air cleaner housing. The stepped surface is formed on an upper wall of the air cleaner housing, such that an outer step is arranged on a periphery of an inner step. The upper wall is formed into a stereoscopic shape by providing the stepped surface thereon, such that the rigidity of the upper wall is enhanced, and a sonic resonance of the upper wall can be suppressed during vehicle operation, thereby reducing intake noises. By providing the stepped surface to the upper wall of the air cleaner for reducing intake noises, and it is unnecessary to add one or more extra components to the air cleaner for reducing intake noises.

Abstract: A synthetic resin tube structure including a first synthetic-resin member which includes a flange having a plurality of bores formed therein, and a plurality of first divided pipes formed integrally with the flange; and a second synthetic-resin member which includes a plurality of second divided pipes, and a connector to connect the plurality of second divided pipes to each other. In the synthetic resin tube structure, the plurality of first and second divided pipes are subjected to vibration welding to form a plurality of pipes respectively having therein passages which communicate with the respective corresponding bores, and the vibration welding is performed while a direction, in which the plurality of first and second divided pipes are vibrated, is inclined at an angle ? with respect to a reference plane in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of each of the bores formed in the flange.

Abstract: An engine is disclosed having a flywheel arrangement comprising a starter motor (1) having a pinion gear (2) at an output shaft. The pinion gear (2) constantly engages a corresponding crank gear of a crank wheel (3) located between an engine block and a flywheel assembly (9) of the engine. The crank wheel (3) is operatively connected to a crankshaft (4) of the engine via a one-way clutch unit (5). The flywheel assembly (9) comprises a first flywheel body (6) connected to the crankshaft (4) of the engine. A second flywheel body (7) is rotatable relative to the first flywheel body (6) and coupled thereto such that is able to move elastically through a limited angular distance relative to the first flywheel body (6). An interlocking device includes at least one locking arrangement (8) and is adapted to produce an interlocking connection between the second flywheel body (7) and the first flywheel body (6) during cranking of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A piston crown for a diesel engine in which the crown has an annular recess coaxial with an injector injecting fuel in a radiated, non-swirl pattern. The recess has an internal central crown portion approximately parallel to the angle of the fuel injected and a curved outer section to curve air compressed by the piston significantly enough that it is directed back toward the central axis and mixes with the fuel injected along the internal central crown portion to promote mixing and reduction in soot formation.

Abstract: A cover assembly for an internal combustion engine application and method of construction therefore provides one construction for a valve cover assembly, and another construction for an end cover assembly for a crankcase. The cover assemblies include at least one rigid metal carrier having a plurality of bolt openings and a plurality of load limiters located about said openings. A material is overmolded on the carrier and about the load limiters, with the material forming an exposed sealing surface for direct engagement with a seal gasket.

Abstract: A fuel pump lubrication apparatus, which lubricates a tappet driven by a fuel pump and moving reciprocally in an interior circumference of a fuel pump adaptor, the apparatus may include a cylinder head that is provided with a camshaft and an oil gallery connected to an oil pump, and an oil supplying line communicated with the oil gallery so as to supply oil of the oil pump to the inside of the fuel pump adaptor, wherein the oil supplying line includes a tappet lubrication nozzle and a cam lubrication nozzle formed at an end thereof.

Abstract: A method may include operating an engine in a first valvetrain mode during a first engine operating condition, operating the engine in a second valvetrain mode different from the first valvetrain mode during a second engine operating condition, and controlling a temperature of an exhaust aftertreatment component in communication with an exhaust gas from the engine during the second engine operating condition based on the second valvetrain mode.