Abstract: A system and method is provided for tempering a glass container. The method includes the steps of pre-heating the glass container to a first predetermined temperature. The method also includes the steps of applying radio-frequency energy to the pre-heated glass container to heat the glass container to a second predetermined temperature and, after a predetermined amount of time, simultaneously cooling at least one surface of the heated glass container to a third predetermined temperature to treat the glass container. The method further includes the steps of, after a predetermined amount of time, quenching the treated glass container to a fourth predetermined temperature to produce a tempered glass container.

Abstract: There is provided a one-press method for producing a glass vessel, the method enabling efficient production of even a glass vessel having the maximum thick wall part having a thickness larger than a predetermined value by using a divided type forming mold having a specific parting line.

Abstract: A method for forming a double-curved panel from a flat panel, which comprises processing a plastically deformable flat panel or rendering the flat panel plastically deformable to enable it to mould itself to a predetermined shape, wherein the shape is obtained by a primary supporting construction cooperating with a secondary supporting construction, wherein the primary supporting construction may or may not be adjustable to an invariant position that determines the shape, and the secondary supporting construction is adjustable between a starting position in which it supports the flat panel, and a finishing position in which the secondary supporting construction supports the double-curved panel, while said supporting construction rests on and is shaped in accordance with the shape of the primary supporting construction, wherein the adjustment from the starting position to the finishing position occurs at least subject to the distribution of the gravitational force exerted on the secondary supporting constructi

Abstract: A device for the refining of a glass melt at high temperatures according to the skull pot principle is provided. The device includes a skull crucible having walls that are constructed from a plurality of pipes, a high-frequency coil for coupling electrical energy into the contents of the skull crucible, and an inlet and an outlet of the skull crucible being arranged in a melt surface region of the glass melt, wherein the inlet and the outlet are essentially arranged lying opposite one another.

Abstract: A method of forming a needled rotary fiberglass glass insulation product is provided. The formation of the needled insulation product may be conducted in a continuous in-line process in which the fibers are rotary formed, a binder is sprayed onto the hot fibers, the fibers are collected onto a conveyor and formed into a fiberglass pack, the fiberglass pack is passed through the oven, and the cured insulation blanket is passed through a needling apparatus. The reduction in thickness and increased density caused by the needling process permits the production of lower thickness and higher density insulation products. In particular, the needled insulation product may have a thickness of less than about 0.75 inches and a density from about 1 pcf to about 10 pcf. The needled insulation product may be utilized in household appliances, water heaters, and HVAC equipment.

Abstract: Methods for substantially improving the stability of a melting furnace system including bushings and cooling apparatus for converting molten mineral material to continuous fibers is disclosed. Apparatus and methods for maintaining the molten material throughput and the electrical power load on fiberizing bushings substantially constant are disclosed. The orifice plate, with or without tips or nozzles, is subjected to a more rapid rate of heat removal after the bushing breaks out than it did while the bushing was in a desired fiberizing mode. Apparatus for blowing cooling air upward onto the orifice plate during the time the bushing is breaking out and/or hanging to provide additional cooling is disclosed along with optional additional or alternative apparatus to use for optional additional or alternative cooling is also disclosed.

Abstract: A needle cam assembly is provided in a circular knitting machine or a flat-bed knitting machine, said needle cam assembly allowing an adjustment of at least one cam assembly part (22) with respect to at least one other cam assembly part (27). As a result of this, the timing of the closing and opening of the inside space of the hook of the slider needle can be adjusted relative to the timing of the retraction of the slider needle and can be set as needed. This measure may be utilized to increase the knitting quality and operational safety of a knitting machine that has been loaded with slider needles.

Abstract: A knitting machine in accordance with the invention includes a thread guide that is associated with a runner. The runner is disposed to hold open the latches of driven out needles of a first group while the needles of a second group are being driven out. Due to the time-staggered driving-out of the latch-type needles and of a first group and a second group, and due to the alternating arrangement of the needles of the first group and the second group, a rising of the knit fabric while the needles are being driven out is prevented without the assistance of holding-down/knock-over sinkers. Inasmuch as a runner that is separate from the thread guide is used for holding open the latches, the position of said runner can be optimally adjusted independent of the position of the thread guide.

Abstract: A sinker cam ring for a circular knitting machine comprises a plurality of sinker cam segments arranged edge-to-edge to form the sinker cam ring, each sinker cam segment defining a portion of a sinker cam track that defines sinker-advancing and sinker-retracting surfaces. Breaks between adjacent sinker cam segments are located in linear portions of at least one of the sinker-advancing surfaces and sinker-retracting surfaces where substantially only frictional forces act on the sinkers, and thus where radial acceleration of the sinkers caused by the cam surfaces is substantially zero. The breaks for a given sinker cam segment can be circumferentially staggered relative to each other.

Abstract: A latch-type needle that is particularly suitable for knitting machines that work without sinkers includes a latch that preferably carries on its outermost end a cam or extension, the cam or extension is provided with a sliding surface. The sliding surface may move along a complementary sliding or runner surface and temporarily prevent the latch from pivoting out of its open position, for example. A corresponding wear of material is concentrated on the sliding surface. A damage, deformation or impairment of other parts of the spoon or latch head, in particular of either of its edges, is prevented.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laundry treatment device, particularly a washing machine, or a laundry dryer, comprising a housing (1), a container (3) suspended in the housing (1) in a swiveling manner, and an apparatus (2) for detecting the position and/or the arrangement of the container (3) in the housing (1), wherein the detection unit (2) comprises a magnetic field-generating clement (2b) and a detector unit (2a) for detecting a magnetic flux density of the magnetic field. The position detection unit (2) is characterized in that the detector unit (2a)) also detects the direction of the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field and determines the position of the container (3) as a function of the flux density and the field line direction.

Abstract: A system and method of determining the temperature of a rotating electromagnetic machine, such as an electric motor or generator. A temperature calibration parameter is calculated based on the temperature of an object situated close to the motor, such as a motor drive connected to the motor, and a first resistance value of the winding. In exemplary embodiments, the motor drive and first resistance value are determined only after the motor has been idle for some predetermined time period. Once the calibration parameter is calculated, the processor uses it along with subsequent resistance measurements to calculate the temperature of the motor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laundry treating apparatus, including a cabinet having a main space selectively in communication with an outside of the laundry treating apparatus with a door for holding laundry, a steam generator provided to the cabinet for supplying steam to the main space, and at least one steam outlet in the cabinet for selective supply of the steam from the steam generator to an outside of the laundry treating apparatus.

Abstract: In a portable electronic device having an anti-theft functionality and a separate user-operable useful functionality, a method of using the portable electronic device includes operating the user-operable useful functionality; using the anti-theft functionality, wherein using the anti-theft functionality includes inserting an anchor into a socket of the portable electronic device, the anchor being connected to an object separate from the portable electronic device; locking the anchor in the socket to thereby secure the anchor to the portable electronic device; and unlocking the anchor from the socket upon verifying an unlock code that is received at the portable electronic device. The portable electronic device includes a locking mechanism switchable between a locked position in which the anchor is secured to the socket, and an unlocked position in which the anchor is not locked in the socket.

Abstract: In a sliding glass door system, having a stationary panel and a movable panel within a door casement, the improvement of incorporating an independent locking system centrally located in the vertical stile of the movable panel remote from the conventional door lock for this panel includes an operating lever mounted in the stile so one end thereof is accessible, a vertical oriented locking bolt connected to the lever for reciprocal movement through manipulation of the lever, and a plurality of apertures in the top track of casement for the movable panel whereby the lever can be manipulated to insert the distal end of vertical locking bolt into selected apertures to lock the panel in selected intermediate positions or to remove the distal end the vertical locking bolt from such apertures to release the panel. In the preferred embodiment the connection of the lever to locking bolt and the bolt are located inside a channel in the associated stile to maintain the aesthetics of the door.

Abstract: A device for producing a pattern onto a work piece is disclosed. The device comprises a die, an electromagnetic actuator and a base; wherein the die comprises a patterned surface and the patterned surface comprises a pattern. The electromagnetic actuator comprises an plate body, a convex part and a strip unit connected to the plate body; the electromagnetic actuator is disposed in the base. When the electromagnetic actuator is activated while a work piece is being positioned between the patterned surface and the electromagnetic actuator, an inductive current is generated on the work piece by the electromagnetic actuator, and then a repulsive force is generated between the electromagnetic actuator and the work piece. The repulsive force then causes the work piece to adhere to the patterned surface, forcing the work piece to deform against the patterned surface and to take on the shape of the pattern.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and a method for surface rolling crankshafts at the transition radii of bearing journals. The method for surface rolling the transition radii of crankshafts comprises the following steps: providing at least one roller element for applying at least one force to the workpiece; providing at least one support element for supporting the workpiece against a force applied by a roller element; displacing the at least one roller element and/or the at least one support element such that the at least one support element, and the at least one roller element, perform a displacement relative to each other, the displacement having a linear component. The present invention further provides a roller element for surface rolling the transition radii of crankshafts having a substantially linear contact surface for introducing at least one surface rolling force into a crankshaft, and a corresponding device.

Abstract: A method of making a flexible drill shaft. The method comprising: winding wire to form a helical coil spring, applying a mechanical deformation to the wire as it is being wound and using the helical coil spring to form a flexible drill shaft. The mechanical deformation applied results in the wire after being wound having a cross section such that when an axial load is applied to the drill shaft there is planar contact between adjacent coils of the spring.

Abstract: A bending brake assembly for manually bending pieces of sheet metal material including a base supporting a plurality of c-shaped members presenting opposing clamping surfaces for receiving the sheet metal material. An extension extends away from the clamping surfaces with a socket connection rotatably supporting a bending member on the base for bending the sheet metal material disposed between the clamping surfaces. The socket connection includes a male portion and a female portion in sliding engagement with one another as the bending member moves between a pre-bending position, a first operating position, and a second operating position. A finger extends from the male portion and defines a gap between the finger and the extension when in the pre-bending position with the finger maintaining the gap as the finger moves from the pre-bending position to the first operating position and the finger engaging the extension when in the second operating position.

Abstract: A method of making undersea steel pipes, by assembling unit pipe elements together end-to-end by welding, the steel or metal alloy weld beads of said welds being disposed on the outside of the pipe, wherein localized peening is performed on the inside of the pipe to increase the compression of the steel or metal in the vicinity of the welds and over the adjacent peripheral inside surface of the pipe on either side of the weld so as to create a swath of surface that has been peened over a limited distance L in the axial longitudinal direction of said pipe. The peening is preferably performed using a wheeled carriage fitted with a peening tool.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods are disclosed which relate to a wire bending apparatus capable of both on and off-plane nose and mandrel bends. Exemplary embodiments of the present invention incorporate a center turret cluster with a plurality of radii possible, a nose-bending mandrel, and a mandrel-bending mandrel. This apparatus forms a bending head that is attached to a CNC wire bending machine. This combination allows increased flexibility in forming complex wire forms and cuts down secondary operations, such as operations from robot arms, sometimes associated with CNC wire bending. In addition, the turret cluster position in the center allows for bending support with mandrel bends or nose bending on the back side of the bending head, usually 180 degrees away from the normal bending area. This allows the manufacturing of double end-loop forms without the addition of external clamps or robotic manipulation.

Abstract: A check weight (1) that is used to check a gravimetric measuring instrument, specifically a balance, or to check a further weight, is provided with a means of identification. This marking which is applied on the outside surface of the check weight includes a permanently affixed machine-readable identification code (2) which makes the specific weight piece individually recognizable. This opens the possibility for a method whereby an individually identifiable check weight can be traced back in time. A system for tracing check weights back in time includes one or more reader devices (6) that serve to record the marking, one or more processors (10) wherein the machine-readable identification code can be converted back into an identification code that can be electronically processed, and one or more data storage units, in particular a database (8) serving to store at least the data contained in the identification code.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method of making a measurement using the same. The apparatus includes a channel through which a fluid flows, a detector, and a choked flow channel. The detector measures a property of the fluid by generating a signal that depends on that property. The signal generated also depends on a pressure of the fluid in the detector. The choked flow channel receives the fluid at a first pressure after the fluid has been measured by the detector, and then transmits the fluid to a downstream location at a second pressure. The fluid reaches a supersonic velocity at one point in the choked flow channel. The choked flow channel may include a convergent-divergent nozzle or an orifice in a structure located in the choked flow channel.

Abstract: A photoacoustic gas sensor includes a photoacoustic cell configured to receive a gas mixture having a first gas component and a second gas component. The photoacoustic gas sensor also includes a light source configured to provide light to the photoacoustic cell. The photoacoustic gas sensor further includes a photoacoustic cell controller configured to measure a concentration of the second gas component using a speed of sound through the gas mixture, where the speed of sound is determined based on an absorption associated with the first gas component. In addition, the photoacoustic gas sensor could include a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature of the gas mixture, where the photoacoustic cell controller is configured to determine the concentration of the second gas component using the speed of sound and the temperature.

Abstract: A soot sensor and method for detecting soot is provided. In one exemplary embodiment, a sensing element for a soot sensor is disclosed herein, the sensing element having a pair of peripheral edge sensing electrodes each having a portion disposed on a peripheral edge of a non-conductive substrate of the sensing element; a first pair of side sensing electrodes disposed on a first side of the sensing element, the first side having a first area partially bounded by the peripheral edge, wherein a resistance between the pair of peripheral edge sensing electrodes decreases as soot accumulates on portions of the pair of peripheral edge sensing electrodes and a resistance between the first pair of side sensing electrodes decreases as soot accumulates on portions of the first pair of side sensing electrodes.

Abstract: A breakaway tooling apparatus connectable to a manipulator and at least one tool for limiting the amount of damage to the associated manipulator and tool when the apparatus accidentally engages an obstacle. The detection mount has a narrowed neck region and stepped throughbore adjacent the narrowed neck region for creating a weakened portion that will fracture upon the realization of a predetermined force to the detection mount. An air passageway extends from an outer portion of the detection mount to an inner portion of the detection mount, wherein the air passageway is connectable to a supply of pressurized air. A blocking member prevents the pressurized air from passing through the air passageway in the detection mount when the detection mount is not fractured at the weakened portion, and the blocking member allows pressurized air to flow through the air passageway in the detection mount when the detection mount is fractured at the weakened portion.

Abstract: The invention discloses a loss detection system to determine and monitor containment losses for open channel networks. One exemplary method comprises monitoring a flow of liquid from an open channel into a pool, the open channel comprising channel banks and a bed, controlling the flow of liquid such that a level of liquid within the pool is constant, and determining theft loss of liquid based on the monitored flow of liquid.

Abstract: Method for measuring a rheological transition level between a first layer with first rheological properties, typically a fluid mud layer, and a second layer lying thereunder and having different, second rheological properties, typically a solid mud layer, wherein using a cable an object is lowered through the first layer into the second layer lying thereunder. A dynamic quantity of the moving cable with object, influenced by the rheological properties, or a change of this quantity, is measured. It is determined on the basis of this measurement when the object is located at the rheological transition level.

Abstract: The described invention relates to a method for determining corrosion in wet gas pipelines comprising: a) using a portion of the liquid phase from a wet gas pipeline; b) placing said portion in a high pressure, high temperature autoclave to prepare a saturated vapor phase; c) transferring the saturated vapor to a corrosion test unit, said unit having a specimen holder section having external, temperature adjustable means, and specimens being arranged in one or more positions within the specimen holder; d) chilling said specimen holder section so as to cause condensation onto said corrosion testing specimens; and, e) calculating a value selected from the group consisting of corrosions rate, pitting of the specimen, weight loss of the specimen, and any combination thereof. The invention process can be practiced in a separate laboratory apparatus designed to accomplish the above method, or in a similar online apparatus set up in a semi-batch mode or continuous mode.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for measuring the cylinder internal pressure of internal combustion engines and, in particular, of gas engines, said apparatus having a first valve (5) which opens into the cylinder interior space, a measurement chamber (6) which can be connected to the cylinder interior space (1a) arid can be disconnected from the latter by means of the first valve (5), and a pressure sensor (8) which is arranged in the region of the measurement chamber (6) in order to measure the pressure in the cylinder interior space when the first valve (5) is open. Permanent operation without thermal overload is enabled in such a way that at least one second valve (13) is provided in the region of the measurement chamber (6), said second valve being able to be changed to a closed position at least when the first valve (5) is open in order to seal off the measurement chamber (6) towards the outside.

Abstract: A fuel injector diagnostic system includes a fuel pump control module, a pressure sensor, and a diagnostic module. The fuel pump control module disables delivery of fuel to a fuel rail of an engine. The pressure sensor measures a first pressure of the fuel rail before an injection event and a second pressure of the fuel rail after the injection event on at least one of a plurality of injectors when the engine is running. The diagnostic module diagnoses a fault in the at least one of the injectors based on the first pressure and the second pressure.

Abstract: Provided are a method and an apparatus that make is possible to measure the amount of greenhouse gas reduced for the stop time of an engine stopped while a vehicle idles. A first amount of fuel consumed in an engine is measured before the engine of a vehicle idling stops. A second amount of fuel consumed for restarting the engine, which is stopped, by idling of the vehicle is measured. Exhaust reduction of greenhouse gas is calculated from idle stop of the vehicle to engine restart, on the basis of the first and second amount of fuel consumed and an engine stop-continued time from an ECU.

Abstract: The invention concerns a rotation angle sensor, in particular a steering angle sensor (1) for a steering unit, with a housing (2) comprising an exterior (8), a transmitter (7) arranged in a sensor chamber in the housing (2) to perform rotary movements around a rotation axis, and a stationary receiver interacting with the pick-up sensor (7). It is endeavoured to make such steering angle sensors fit for rough environmental conditions. For this purpose, the sensor chamber is connected to the exterior (8) via at least one free space (16).

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and methodology for monitoring tire related conditions. A substrate is provided having one or more pairs of sensors mounted thereon. The pairs of sensors are mounted in predetermined relationship to each other at predetermined separation distances such that rotational direction, speed and other parameters of a tire with which the sensors may be associated may be determined. In some embodiments, plural effective pairs of sensors are provided so that mounting orientation of the sensor need not be predetermined.

Abstract: Provided is a tire contact state estimating method using a tire for estimating a contact state (20) having a block row, in which a plurality of blocks having different lengths in a tire circumference direction are arrayed in the tire circumference direction, and having a tread pattern, in which the kicking ends of two adjacent blocks of the block row are formed at a constant period. The method detects the periodic vibrations, which are generated when the kicking ends to be propagated from the tire (20) to the knuckle (23) leave the road surface sequentially, by an acceleration sensor (11) attached to a knuckle (23), thereby to determine the frequency waveform of the vibrations. The method detects such a vibration level of the frequency waveform in a detection frequency band as is calculated from both a wheel speed (V) measured by a wheel speed sensor (12) and that period, thereby to estimate the grounding state of the tire from the magnitude of that vibration level.

Abstract: The accuracy of a measurement value obtained by a tire pressure detection device is lowered by a centrifugal force and an inertial force during travel. A pressure sensor (30) displaces a diaphragm (20) in its vertical direction (32) according to the pressure. The pressure sensor (30) is arranged in a tire (2) with the vertical direction (32) directed to a direction parallel to a rotation axis (34) instead of the tire circumferential direction or radial direction. The pressure sensor (30) is mounted onto a substrate with the vertical direction (32) of its diaphragm (20) directed in parallel to the substrate surface and the substrate is bonded to a tread portion of the tire (2) and a wheel rim portion while adjusting the vertical direction (32) of the diaphragm (20) with the direction of the rotation axis (34).

Abstract: An apparatus for performing a measurement in a borehole penetrating the earth, the apparatus including: a logging tool; an enclosed instrument cell disposed at the logging tool, the instrument cell being configured to perform the measurement; and a fill liquid disposed in the cell wherein the fill liquid remains in a liquid state and is nonflammable from 20° C. to 300° C.

Abstract: Example microfluidic methods and apparatus to perform in situ chemical detection are disclosed. A disclosed example downhole apparatus comprises a microfluidic chamber to introduce a microfluidic-scale drop of a reagent into a formation fluid to form a mixed fluid, a flowline to fluidly couple the formation fluid from a geologic formation to the microfluidic chamber, and a detector to measure a property of the mixed fluid, the property representative of a presence of a chemical in the formation fluid.

Abstract: A method of determining a concentration of a component in a flow from a single source or layer contributing to a total flow is described using the steps of repeatedly changing the relative flows from the source; and for each of the changed relative flows determining the combined flow rate and a total concentration of the component of the total flow until sufficient data points are collected to solving a system of mass balance equations representing the flow of the component from each source at each of the changed flow rates.

Abstract: An optical sensor device that can be used as a rain sensor has a light emitter, a light receiver, and an optical plate with rotationally symmetrically shaped Fresnel prism structures, which is coupled to a pane, in particular a windshield of a vehicle, by means of a coupling layer. On its opposite side, the optical plate takes up light from the light emitter. The light is coupled into the pane and, after a total reflection on an internal surface of the pane, is directed onto the light receiver.

Abstract: A for determining and/or monitoring aggregate state changes on a thermal, flow measuring device of at least a first part of a measured medium, wherein, by means of the temperature of the medium being measured, by means of the chemical composition of the medium being measured and by means of the partial pressure of the at least first part of the medium being measured and/or by means of the total pressure of the medium being measured, at least one phase boundary line of the at least first part of the medium being measured is ascertained At least a first measurement signal is provided from a temperature difference between a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor of the thermal, flow measuring device and/or from a heating power supplied the medium being measured, wherein, in the case of a state of the at least first part of the medium being measured in the region of the phase boundary line of the first part of the medium being measured, disturbances of predetermined type in the measurement signa

Abstract: According to the invention, the apparatus (1b) for ascertaining and/or monitoring fill level of a medium, having piezoelectric sensors (2) for producing and receiving ultrasonic signals, relates to a scanning circuit (3b), which provides, for each piezoelectric sensor (2) to be driven, at least one exciter switching circuit (5b) for selective driving of the selected piezoelectric sensor (2).

Abstract: Provided are a humidity sensor and a method of manufacturing the same. The humidity sensor has high sensitivity, quick response time, improved temperature characteristics, low hysteresis and excellent durability. Moreover, for the humidity sensor, a humidity sensitive layer may be formed of various materials. The humidity sensor may be manufactured in a small size on a large scale.

Abstract: The general field of the invention is that of gravimeters, of the matter-wave type, allowing the measurement of the gravitational field or of an acceleration in a given direction of measurement. This type of gravimeter uses ultracold atoms to take the measurement. It necessarily comprises an atom trap (5) making it possible to immobilize an ultracold atom cloud (10) in a determined configuration and means (7) for splitting-recombining the cloud into two atom packets placed at different heights so as to create a phase shift due to gravity.

Abstract: A sensor device includes: a sensor component including a package, connection terminals having first terminals on a terminal forming surface of the package, and a sensor element that has a detection axis and is housed in the package; a resin part covering the sensor component; and mounting leads, each of the mounting leads including, a one-end part formed by being folded so as to be coupled to one of the first connection terminals in the resin part so that a main surface of the one-end part and a main surface of the one of the first connection terminals face each other, an intermediate part extending toward a mounting surface of the sensor device from the one-end part, and an other-end part formed by being folded so as to be externally exposed from the resin part.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for an inertial sensor suspension that minimizes proof mass rotation and translation. The system contains a microelectromechanical sensor (MEMS) device for measuring rotation along an input rotation axis. The MEMS device includes at least one substrate, at least one proof mass, and a suspension system. The suspension system includes at least one flexure connecting the at least one proof mass to a substrate and at least one anchored suspension element with a split support beam having a first split portion and a second split portion. The first split portion and the second split portion are of curved shape.

Abstract: A piezoelectric frame (20) is comprised of a tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece (30) having a pair of vibrating arms (21) extending from a base portion (23) wherein excitation electrodes are formed on the vibrating arms, an outer frame (22) surrounding the tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece, a pair of supporting arms (26) extending from the base portion to the outer frame portion and supporting the tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece; and an acute angle portion (11) formed on a side surface between the outer frame and the tuning-fork type piezoelectric vibrating piece and having an acute angle seen from Z-direction.

Abstract: Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices and methods with controlled die bonding areas. An example device includes a MEMS die having a glass layer and a protective package. The glass layer includes a side facing the protective package with at least one mesa protruding from a recessed portion of the glass layer. The at least one mesa is attached to the protective package. An example method includes creating at least one mesa on a glass layer of a MEMS die and attaching the at least one mesa to a protective package.

Abstract: Provided is a micro-electromechanical-system (MEMS) device including a substrate; at least one semiconductor layer provided on the substrate; a circuit region including at least one chip containing drive/sense circuitry, the circuit region provided on the at least one semiconductor layer; a support structure attached to the substrate; at least one elastic device attached to the support structure; a proof-mass suspended by the at least one elastic device and free to move in at least one of the x-, y-, and z-directions; at least one top electrode provided on the at least one elastic device; and at least one bottom electrode located beneath the at least one elastic device such that an initial capacitance is generated between the at least one top and bottom electrodes, wherein the drive/sense circuitry, proof-mass, supporting structure, and the at least one top and bottom electrodes are fabricated on the at least one semiconductor layer.

Abstract: An acceleration sensor having a substrate, a first web that is connected to the substrate, and a seismic mass that is fashioned as a frame and is made up of four side frames, the first side frame and the third side frame being situated opposite one another, the second side frame and the fourth side frame being situated opposite one another, the second side frame and the first web being connected via a first spring element, stationary electrodes 50 being provided inside the frame that are connected to the substrate, movable electrodes being provided that are connected to the first side frame and/or to the third side frame, the frame having a first transverse web that is connected to the first side frame and to the third side frame.