Abstract: The invention relates to a device (10, 30) which is used to produce a screw connection between a first component (14, 60) and at least one additional component (15, 70), by means of a fixing screw (12) or a fixing groove (50, 55) and a corresponding fixing element (16, 73). Said device (10, 30) comprises a rotationally mounted tool (11, 31), wherein the fixing screw (12) and/or the fixing groove (50, 55) is maintained in a manner that prevents it from rotating and in an axially fixed manner and wherein the head (20) of the fixing screw (12) and/or the fixing groove (50, 55) is maintained at a distance (S) in relation to the first component (14, 60) as long as both components (14, 60; 15, 70) are joined together. According to the invention, at least one energy accumulator (18, 48) is provided between the tool (11, 31) and the first component (14, 60).

Abstract: A bolt or nut tightening device has an outer shaft and an inner shaft rotatable in directions opposite to each other, the outer shaft having a reaction receiver projecting therefrom sideways, the inner shaft being provided with an engaging portion engageable with a bolt or nut to be tightened, the bolt or nut tightening device being provided on the outer shaft with a tightening torque measuring unit, which comprises a strain sensor, a circuit board, an indicator, a battery, and a case for accommodating the circuit board, the indicator and the battery, the case being attached to the outer shaft, projecting toward the same direction as the reaction receiver, and being so sized as to be hidden by a contour of the reaction receiver and so positioned as to be hidden behind the reaction receiver when seen from the forward end side of the engaging portion.

Abstract: An adapter engagable in a hole of a driving end of a tool includes a body receivable in the hole. The body includes a cavity in which an elastic member and a cover can be received. The elastic element can provide a force for pushing the cover to abut against the wall of the hole such that the adapter is securely retained in the hole.

Abstract: A dual-mode screwdriver has a manual and powered actuation mode achieved by inverting the screwdriver body. The screwdriver has a driveshaft having two ends each adapted for receiving the shank of a screwdriver bit. The body contains a plurality of slots for storing a plurality of screwdriver bits. Magnets are contained in each of the slots for retaining the bits within their respective slots. The outside surface of the body is contoured for hand gripping and torquing. The driveshaft is adapted for coupling to a powered drill.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a fastener retaining system (FRS) and kit for securing a fastener (such as a screw) to a driver (such as a screwdriver) to facilitate one-handed use of the driver in both fastening and un-fastening operations.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a cutting tool assembly used for creating grooves in a microreplication tool. The cutting tool assembly includes a mounting structure and multiple diamonds aligned in the mounting structure to a tolerance of less than 10 microns. For example, first and second tool shanks having first and second diamond tips can be positioned in the mounting structure such that a cutting location of the first diamond tip is identical to a cutting location of the second diamond tip. However, the second diamond tip may be a defined distance further away from the mounting structure than the first diamond tip, or the second diamond tip may have a different shape than the first diamond tip. In this manner, the first diamond tip may cut a groove into a work piece and the second diamond tip may cut a sub-feature into the groove to create a multi-featured groove.

Abstract: Operating a power saw between a pair of parallel guide rails, which engage opposing sides of saw base plate to constrain the motion of the saw to a straight path, allows for precise cuts. A set of two or more fences allows for multiple cutting options. In some embodiments, non-parallel fences coupled to the guide rails allow for precise cuts at more than just a single angle. In some embodiments, two fences may engage opposing sides of the object to be cut simultaneously, holding the object more securely with respect to the guide rails than would a single fence. A possible clamping force holding the two fences against the object allows the miter guide to remain fixed relative to the object so that the user's hand may be freed for another task, such as holding the saw with both hands.

Abstract: A miter saw having a laterally tiltable cutting portion and a fence unit that supports a workpiece without mechanical interference with the cutting portion regardless of its laterally tilting posture. A left fence unit and a right fence unit are provided on a base portion. The left fence includes a fixed left fence, a first left subordinate fence pivotally movably connected to the fixed left fence, and a second left subordinate fence pivotally movably connected to the fixed left fence. The first left subordinate fence is moved to a first position outside of a first titling region of the cutting portion, and to a second position outside of the first tilting region and a second tilting region in which a tilting angle of the cutting portion is greater than that in the first tilting region.

Abstract: A longitudinal cutting machine having an upper blade held and displaceable on a first longitudinal guide, and a lower blade that is associated with the upper blade, the lower blade being held on and displaceable along a second longitudinal guide. A displacement device is associated with one of the lower blade or upper blade, and is provided with an extendable driving rod that bridges a gap to that longitudinal guide that holds the other of the upper blade and lower blade. The driving rod acts on the other blade such that the displacement device displaces the upper blade and lower blade together. A guide mechanism is disposed on the driving rod and acts on that longitudinal guide that holds the other of the upper blade and lower blade.

Abstract: Method and apparatus to automatically allocate and schedule weapon systems to threats for maximizing an engagement objective. In one aspect, methods and systems maximize threat killed. In another aspect, methods and systems maximize asset survival against threats. The methods and apparatus considers temporal and resource constraints such that weapons systems are able to engage threats assigned to them.

Abstract: A device for restraining a shell in a barrel of a disposable anti-armour weapon being stored in a compartment of a transport box. A stopper member is configured to be placed in the barrel in front of and adjacent to a shell loaded therein. The stopper member has at least three radially expandable legs, which are distributed circumferentially and configured to face and engage a tapered front surface of the shell in the barrel. The legs are provided with gripping elements on radially outermost surfaces thereof and configured to cut into the barrel wall upon a forward movement of the shell in the barrel.

Abstract: A variable displacement swash plate type compressor with a smooth inclined moving feature which includes a cylinder block having a plurality of cylinder bores, a front housing disposed at a front end of the cylinder block to form a swash plate chamber, a drive shaft rotatably supported in the cylinder block, a lug plate disposed in the swash plate chamber of the front housing and fixedly installed to the drive shaft, a rear housing disposed at a rear end of the cylinder block and having a suction chamber and a discharge chamber in fluid communication with the cylinder bores through a suction valve and a discharge valve, a swash plate rotated by the lug plate and installed to have a variable inclination angle, a spring supported between the lug plate and the swash plate, and pistons slidably engaged with the swash plate to be reciprocated in the cylinder bores.

Abstract: A hydraulic axial piston pump is designed with a secondary swashplate angle for providing improved performance and life. The secondary swashplate angle produces a sideload on the swashplate that is reacted by the pump's housing. A hydrostatically balanced thrust bearing is used to counteract the sideload produced by the secondary swashplate angle. The bearing design includes a tiltable pad or shoe supplied with pressurized fluid from the pump's discharge port. The same fluid that supplies the tiltable pad may also supply the pump's cradle bearings.

Abstract: A sealing arrangement for two relatively movable first and second parts and including a sealing ring positioned in a groove on one of the parts for sealing contact against the other one of the parts, so as to separate a first side of the sealing ring from a second side of the sealing ring, wherein the sealing ring is positioned in a sealing ring seat formed as a groove in the circumference of one of the parts, including liquid supply means for supplying liquid under pressure to the second side of the sealing ring, and means for balancing the pressure of the supplied liquid in the region of the sealing ring, whereby forces on the sealing ring resulting from the pressure prevailing on the first side of the sealing ring are counteracted and balanced in such a way that in operation the sealing ring is essentially free-floating in the groove. The invention also concerns a reciprocating piston device including such a sealing arrangement.

Abstract: A beverage dispensing apparatus includes a mixing chamber for mixing hot water, a beverage concentrate and cold water, as well as one or more additives. The hot water and cold water are supplied at a predetermined flow rate at a predetermined proportion, regardless of the pressure of the water supply. A water heater supplies the hot water within a specified pressure range and without significant entrapped air.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and method for the immersion cooking/cooling of food in diffused forced convection. The inventive system comprises: a tank for housing the food to be cooked/cooled, filling/emptying means for filling the vessel with a cooking or cooling liquid and emptying same, and heating means for heating the liquid. The tank comprises a lower region and an upper region, and circulation means which are intended: (i) to collect liquid from the lower region by means of various outlets in a first lower side wall and to introduce said liquid into the upper region through various inlets in a first upper side wall, and (ii) to collect liquid from the upper region by means of various outlets in a second upper side wall and to introduce said liquid into the lower region through various inlets in a second lower side wall, thereby generating diffused forced convection in a turbulent flow.

Abstract: The present invention relates to equipment for assembling food products, and more specifically to an apparatus and method for separating or parting stacked food products during a food production process. The invention, a de-topper, facilitates the desired parting or separation of stacked products having at least upper and lower sections defining a separation line. In parting stacked products along the separation line, the de-topper comprises a longitudinal arm and at least one primary conveying path for conveying the at least upper and lower sections of the stacked products towards the arm. A drive reciprocates the arm so that the reciprocating arm sweeps the upper sections of the stacked products from the at least one primary conveying path and onto a secondary conveying path, located outwardly thereof. The lower and upper sections are thereafter conveyed on the respective primary and secondary conveying paths away from the reciprocating longitudinal arm.

Abstract: A cheese process vat is disclosed. The cheese process vat includes an enclosure and a shaft assembly, preferably a shaft assembly having a shaft and a plurality of agitator panels arranged on the shaft in a planar fashion. The agitator panels are preferably arranged on the shaft such that the shaft assembly is balanced in both weight and agitator panel surface area around the centerline of the shaft.

Abstract: The inventions disclosed herein relate to a smoke generating device for use with portable grills. Various embodiments of the smoke generating devices disclosed herein incorporate some combination of a number of features to solve the problem of prior art smoke generating devices.

Abstract: In a fixed print portion 100, a cylindrical holding member 125 holds a fixed print member 112 and an ink storage body 113 from the side of the ink storage body 113 and a frame member 120 having an L-shaped section is set from the side of the fixed print member 112 so that it is fitted to the outer periphery of the holding member 125, thereby a print face 111 is held and exposed outside. A portion of the fixed print member 112 near the outer periphery is nipped between the frame member 120 and the holding member 125 in a compressed state because the frame member 120 is fitted to the holding member 125 and an exposed portion of the fixed print member 112 has a difference of height H between the end face of the frame member 120 and the print face 111. A damper member 300 is disposed between the frame member 120 and a flange 203 provided on a supporting case 201 of the movable print portion 200.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for registering a position of a component of a press is disclosed. The press having a plurality of components that can rotate about a central longitudinal axis, such as a main drive shaft and press cylinders, at least one of these components being assigned at least one position registering device, which registers the angular position of the respective component. The, or each, position registering device is formed as a magnetic rotary encoder.

Abstract: A remote pyrotechnic ignition system includes a power supply for producing an electrical current in a transmitting induction coil to induce an electrical current in a receiving induction coil for igniting a pyrotechnic device. Thus, a wireless ignition communication section allows pyrotechnic mortars to be reused and substantially reduces set-up time by eliminating the wiring of fireworks normally required for a pyrotechnic production. Optionally, a capacitor is charged by the power source via a charging circuit and discharged via a firing circuit to produce the electric current in the transmitting coil in a pulse. The capacitor provides a two-stage firing safety feature. An electronic control device such as a circuit board may be mounted on the pyrotechnic device for controlling ignition of the pyrotechnic device and is especially useful in controlling ignition sequencing and overall ignition timing of a lift charge and burst charge of the pyrotechnic device.

Abstract: A rail non-contact vehicle includes wheels, a vehicle main body supported by the wheels, and a steering control system. The steering control system includes a control section configured to control a steering of the wheels in a non-mechanical manner, and a drive section configured to mechanically drive the steering of the wheels. The control section includes a first detector configured to detect 1-dimensional coordinate data of a target route, a steering angle holding section configured to hold a target steering angle corresponding to the 1-dimensional coordinate data, a second detector configured to detect a current deviation between the target route and a current position of the vehicle main body, and a control steering angle calculating section configured to generate a control steering angle corresponding to the current deviation and the target steering angle.

Abstract: A magnetically levitated transportation system employs permanent magnet rails along a guideway that interact with permanent magnets on a vehicle. The rails are optimized to reduce magnetic mass and cost of materials, while maximizing lift force. The vehicle is stabilized in the lateral and yaw directions with feedback controlled lateral control coils that interact with the permanent magnet rails on the guideway. A track switching structure employs permanent magnet rails that gradually widen along a segment of track and separate into two identical diverging rails. Feedback controlled lateral control coils in a moving vehicle stabilize that vehicle over one or the other pairs of diverging rails, as directed by a control computer, thereby causing the vehicle to continue along one path or the other, with no moving or active elements required in the track.

Abstract: A joint connecting a container corner support assembly to a body bolster and a connecting assembly portion of an end of a container well unit in connection with shortening a container well of a railroad freight car intended for carrying an intermodal freight container. A connector member is welded into position, between a transverse gusset plate of a container corner support assembly and a closure plate of a connecting assembly, to transmit forces between the gusset plate and the connecting assembly associated with a body bolster in an end of the container well unit.

Abstract: A railroad freight car may have a body for carrying lading. The body may be a gondola car body. The car body may include a decking or floor structure, and may include longitudinally extending side beams bordering the floor structure. The connection of the side beams to the floor structure may be may without the use of a dedicated side sill. The car body structure may include cross-bearers and side beam stiffeners that are joined together by structural knees. The car body may also include clean out ports to facilitate cleaning of the lading receptacle.

Abstract: A convertible workstation is convertible from a generally flat, planar work surface to a computer workstation. A support panel is pivotably mounted within the work surface and holds a support tray configured for holding a portable computer, such as a laptop computer. When closed, the convertible workstation provides a secure environment for storing a computer and a traditional work surface. When opened, the convertible workstation provides an ergonomically configured computer workstation. The convertible workstation may provide computer connections, for instance power, data, and/or other computer connections, both when the workstation is configured as a computer workstation and when configured as a work surface (thus storing the computer within the workstation).

Abstract: A portable table apparatus is disclosed, where that apparatus can be releaseably attached to a vehicle. The apparatus comprises a horizontal assembly, a vertical assembly, and a table.

Abstract: A tensioned tablecloth includes a flexible and unitary body with a plurality of monolithically formed sides configured in such a manner to form a continuous perimeter extending about the body. The tablecloth further includes a mechanism for retaining the body at a substantially flat and taut position during inclement weather conditions such that the body is prohibited from undesirably disengaging a top surface of the existing outdoor eating surface. Such a body retaining mechanism includes a single and unitary elastic band contiguously abutted against an interior face of the sides and traveling along an entire length of the perimeter. A plurality of primary and auxiliary bands cooperate with fasteners and are removably connected to the anchor band for providing a tensioned surface along the body.

Abstract: A vehicle that includes a shelf assembly is provided. The shelf assembly includes a shelf panel, pivot mount, and an over-center extension/retraction assembly. The shelf panel is coupled to the vehicle and is movable between stowed and use positions. The pivot mount is coupled to the shelf panel and to a wall located on the vehicle. The shelf panel pivots with respect to the pivot mount between the stowed and use positions. The over-center extension/retraction assembly is coupled to the pivot mount and is engagable with the shelf panel to assist moving the shelf to at least the stowed position.

Abstract: A plurality of folding tables that pack and store together as a single unit. The plurality includes a primary table. The primary table preferably includes a collapsible washbasin and a rack of shelves for storing provisions near the washbasin. Smaller secondary tables are also provided that set up separately from the primary table. The primary table, the secondary table and the rack of shelves are all collapsible. When these components are in their collapsed configurations, they can be interconnected. This produces a single compact unit for transportation that holds the primary table, the secondary table, the rack of shelves and other complementary objects.

Abstract: A table may include a table top with first and second sections that are connected by a hinge to allow the section to move between a folded position and an unfolded position. The table may also include legs that are movable between a use position and a storage position relative to the table top. The hinge may facilitate folding of the table top when the legs are in the storage position. On the other hand, the hinge may resist folding of the table top when the legs are in the extended position. In addition, the table may include components that expand and/or contract in different fashions in response to changes in temperature. For example, the table top and the frame may be constructed from different materials with different coefficients of expansion in response to temperature changes. The table is preferably sized and configured to accommodate these differences in expansion and contraction.

Abstract: A height-adjustable table comprises a base mounted thereon with a fixed brace, a shiftable brace for supporting a table board, an auxiliary brace pivotally connected between the shiftable brace and the fixed brace, a swingable brace settled on the fixed brace wherein a plurality of positioning recesses that are arranged in a curved array are provided on the swingable brace, and one end of the swingable brace is pivotally fastened to the shiftable brace while an opposite end is fixed with a second controller, a first controller for controlling a positioning pin to be settled in or separated from one of the positioning recesses. Thus, the second controller can swing the swingable brace when the positioning pin is separated from the positioning recess, so as to adjust an altitude of the table board.

Abstract: A furnace includes a chute extending from the back of a combustion chamber to allow for the material in the combustion chamber to be pushed into the chute and ejected from the chute by the force of new fuel being pushed into the furnace. No time is lost in cleaning out the furnace as the cleaning of the furnace happens as a byproduct of fuel being loaded into the furnace. The ease and efficiency of operation, in that the cleaning happens by performing the necessary task of loading the furnace with fuel, will allow furnace operation in a more simple, convenient, and safe manner without requiring the furnace to be shut down.

Abstract: A garden machine allows a user to perform various gardening functions with a single machine by allowing the user to easily interchange implements placed on an implement mounting shaft of the machine. The garden machine includes a frame and an implement mounting shaft. The user, faced with a job to do, selects the implements best suited for the job and mounts the selected implements on the implement mounting shaft. The user then manipulates the machine to do the job. The machine can be hand powered or be powered by an engine or motor. A seed drill of the invention includes seed discharge tubes spaced around the circumference of a disk. Each seed discharge tube communicates with a seed reservoir in the disk through a displacement operated valve arrangement. As a planting head is displaced toward the disk against a spring bias, the displacement opens the seed discharge tube so that a seed is discharged from the reservoir into the tube and is delivered to the ground.

Abstract: Vessel comprising a number of composite storage tanks for transport of compressed natural gas (CNG) or a combination of gas and liquid, which tanks have an elongated, cylindrical intermediate section and a lower end and an upper end, the tanks being arranged side-by-side vertically standing in the vessel, distinguished in that the hull, the bulkheads and the deck of the vessel form a closed space enveloping all tanks except from the upper end of each tank or selected tanks, for which tanks the upper end extends sealingly out of the closed space, all feed-throughs in the tanks with couplings for loading and unloading are outside of the closed space, at the upper end of the tanks, and the tanks are supported such that each tank can expand or contract freely within the operating range of the tanks with respect to pressure and temperature.

Abstract: According to the invention, a system is provided for connecting two vessels to each other or for connecting a vessel to a land-based structure for the transfer of objects. The system according to the invention comprises at least one projecting body adapted for attachment to one of the vessels and at least one receiving means adapted for attachment to the other vessel or to the land-based structure, the receiving means also comprising side members with recesses for cooperation with the projecting bodies. The invention also comprises a method for transferring material and a landing vessel for connecting to a cargo vessel.

Abstract: Indicator devices and systems are provided. Indicator devices include a sleeve, a dome-like transparent member, a connector body, and an indicator. In alternate embodiments, indicator devices include a sleeve and an indicator retained in the sleeve by a retaining ring and a latch held in place by a spring. Indicator systems include an indicator device coupled to an enclosure containing critical equipment.

Abstract: A bookmark that has a wire-like elongate member which forms a between-page portion, a top portion and a spine-adjacent portion. The between-page portion is a uniplanar bending of the wire-like elongate member which includes different subportions. The subportions extend in different directions and include at least one subportion that extends along a line that is transverse to the spine-adjacent portion. The spine-adjacent portion is oriented with respect to the between-page portion such that the spine-adjacent portion extends along the spine of a book. The top portion connects the between-page portion and spine-adjacent portion and can be positioned over a top edge of a book. The wire-like elongate member is adapted to hold various items.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a method for forming a thin film which can be uniformly and precisely planarized without a high-loaded process as in a chemical mechanical polishing method and to provide a device used for the method. In a method for forming a thin film on a surface of a-semiconductor wafer as a substrate to be processed by supplying a coating solution to the wafer having asperities on the surface thereof, a thin film of a coating solution is planarized by placing the wafer having the thin film formed on the surface thereof in a solvent gas atmosphere generated in a treatment chamber, then spraying a solvent gas toward the surface of the wafer from a solvent-gas-supplying nozzle and, simultaneously, relatively moving the wafer and/or the solvent-gas-supplying nozzle in directions parallel to each other.

Abstract: In the present invention, a holding table incorporating a heater is provided, for example, in a treatment container of a planarization unit. A pressing plate having a lower surface formed flat is disposed above the holding table. The pressing plate is movable in the vertical direction and can lower to the holding table to press a resist film on the substrate from above. The pressing plate intermittently presses the upper surface of the resist film to planarize the upper surface while the heater is heating the substrate on the holding table at a predetermined temperature to dry the resist film. According to the present invention, a coating film applied on the substrate can be sufficiently planarized and dried.

Abstract: An automatic coating device uses a driving motor and a conveyer to form a cyclically rotating module. An injector filled with a coating material is disposed on one side of the conveyer. When an object to be coated is disposed on the other side of the moving conveyer, the coating material is then applied onto the object by the injector. This can increase the coating speed and quality.

Abstract: A machine controlled by a computer for depositing a liquefied electronically-interactive material on a sheet or support card includes a base (1) to support a mobile bed (2) which is moved longitudinally (Y) by a worm screw (20) whose movement is controlled by a computer and which supports and fixes the support sheet or card “S” on which the layer of electronically-interactive material is to be formed. A bridge above the base has a transversal shaft (30) which also has a worm screw and whose movement is also controlled by the computer. The transversal shaft (30) moves the distribution unit for the electronically-interactive material to be deposited (3) in an orthogonal direction (X).

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for coating optical articles, such as optical lenses, are provided. In one aspect, an optical article is placed in a holder and a sheet of coating material is discharged from a nozzle, such as from a fan coater nozzle, onto the optical article to form a coating on the optical article.

Abstract: A voltage block device, for preventing the negative electric potential from transferred to the coating material source, has a switching device including a slider which is selectively slidable between first and second positions and has an inlet port fluidly communicated with the coating material source and an outlet port fluidly communicated with the spray, a reservoir including first and second chambers, the inlet and outlet ports are fluidly communicated with the first and second chambers, respectively when the slider is at the first position, and the inlet and outlet ports are fluidly communicated with the second and first chambers, respectively when the slider is at the second position.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for forming components or circuits by ejecting a fluid including materials in a single ligament are disclosed.

Abstract: A microdeposition system and method includes a head with a plurality of nozzles. A controller generates nozzle firing commands that selectively fire the nozzles to create a desired feature pattern. Configuration memory stores voltage waveform parameters that define a voltage waveform for each of the nozzles. A digital to analog converter (DAC) sequencer communicates with the configuration memory and the controller and outputs a first voltage waveform for a first nozzle when a nozzle firing command for the first nozzle is received from the controller. A resistive ladder DAC receives the voltage waveforms from the DAC sequencer. An operational amplifier (opamp) communicates with the resistive ladder DAC and amplifies the voltage waveforms. The nozzles fire droplets when the voltage waveforms received from the opamp exceed a firing threshold of the nozzle.

Abstract: A magnetically enhanced plasma is produced with a permanent magnet assembly adjacent to a radio frequency (RF) biased wafer support electrode in a vacuum processing chamber of a semiconductor wafer processing apparatus. An annular peripheral region is provided on the wafer support around the perimeter of the wafer being processed. A magnet arrangement using a plurality of magnet rings forms a magnetic tunnel over the peripheral region at which the plasma is generated away from the wafer. The magnetic field has components parallel to the substrate support surface over the annular peripheral region but is generally isolated from the wafer. Preferably, the magnetic field has a flat portion parallel to the support surface in the peripheral region. Plasma propagates by diffusion from the peripheral region across the wafer surface. The magnets can be manipulated to optimize plasma uniformity adjacent the substrate being processed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for transferring a liquid consumable product, such as milk, from a bulk storage tank to a transport vehicle receiving tank or from one bulk tank to another whether stationary or mobile. The system increases the efficiency with which the milk is transferred from the bulk tank to the transport vehicle by providing a centrifugal pump permanently positioned on the milk producer's premises proximal the bulk tank. The system includes an air-purge system for removing any residual milk from the pump and transfer lines once pumping has ceased, as well as a wash system for cleaning the pump system components after use. In addition to transferring milk from the bulk tank to the transport truck, the centrifugal pump is conveniently adaptable for use in the washing operations, thereby adding to the efficiency of the overall system.

Abstract: A method of testing a biological fluid for the presence of an infection. The method includes the steps of introducing a sample of biological fluid and a reagent including light amplifying compound into a reaction chamber, the light amplifying compound reacting with a substance present only in an infected sample to emit light, and immediately measuring the intensity of any light emitted from the sample.