Abstract: A fuel additive is disclosed which comprises a suspension of nanoparticle oxides in a fuel miscible liquid carrier, which suspension may be colloidal or otherwise. Methods for enhancing combustion and fuel economy and reducing emissions by employing said fuel additive are also disclosed.

Abstract: Reacting an alkylene carbonate, such as ethylene carbonate, with dimer acid in the presence of a catalyst, such as a tertiary amine catalyst, gives a dimer acid diester having essentially no sulfur, and thus may be added to ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel downstream of a refinery. The diester enhances the lubricity properties of hydrocarbon fuels, increases their service life and fuel efficiency. The manufacturing process time may be decreased significantly compared with a process using ethylene glycol instead of ethylene carbonate, and much less ethylene glycol by-product results.

Abstract: Dr. Mac Truong's invention described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,799,488 dated Sep. 1, 1998 creates what he calls “Trees of Life”, or “Forest of Life”, i.e. trees grown from ashes of identified individual human beings, representing deceased people's embodiment after their death. In this invention the same inventor invents what he calls “Tree of Life Precursor” or “Advanced Tree of Life” or “Trees of Life of living people.” As such everybody who desires it may have a Tree of Life Precursor created and growing while he/she is still alive, and once he/she is dead, his/her family would not have to undergo any pain, inconvenience, complication or embarrassment of burial or other methods of funerals. They only have to deposit the ashes of their deceased loved one at the roots his/her “Tree of Life Precursor” or “Advanced Tree of Life”, which becomes the conventional “Tree of Life” being created pursuant to the method described in Dr. Mac Truong's U.S. Pat. No. 5,799,488.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for growing plants in a rotatable, horizontal, drum-like configuration, wherein plants grow inwards towards a centrally located light source, includes plant receiving hollow members each having a recessed slot facing the light source with a plurality of apertures at the base thereof for receiving plant holders and defining, with the outer walls of the hollow member, reservoirs on each side thereof for holding water when the plants are generally inverted.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a system and method of sustainable economic development, such as development through an integrated production of renewable energy, material resources, and nutrient regimes. In some embodiments, the system utilizes resources extracted from renewable energy sources to assist in the capture of energy from other renewable energy sources. In some embodiments, the system utilizes energy from renewable energy sources to extract resources from other renewable energy sources.

Abstract: A self-contained apparatus for aeroponically growing and developing plants that comprises a reservoir for containing a liquid nutrient solution, a conical tower, a power supply, and a pump to move the liquid nutrient solution through the apparatus. The apparatus utilizes a pump to move the liquid nutrient solution from the reservoir vertically to a distribution pipe. Gravity then pulls the liquid nutrient solution downward through the distribution pipe, which is sealed at the opposite end. The pressure created within the distribution pipe creates sufficient force to disperse the liquid nutrient solution through the opening(s) in the distribution pipe onto the exposed root mass. Once the nutrient solution has been dispersed into the conical tower it is absorbed by the exposed root mass. The un-absorbed liquid nutrient solution collects the in base of the conical tower and is returned to the reservoir to be reused.

Abstract: A self-contained apparatus for aeroponically growing and developing plants that comprises a reservoir for containing a liquid nutrient solution, a conical tower, a power supply, and a pump to move the liquid nutrient solution through the apparatus. The apparatus utilizes a pump to move the liquid nutrient solution from the reservoir vertically to a distribution pipe. Gravity then pulls the liquid nutrient solution downward through the distribution pipe, which is sealed at the opposite end. The pressure created within the distribution pipe creates sufficient force to disperse the liquid nutrient solution through the opening(s) in the distribution pipe onto the exposed root mass. Once the nutrient solution has been dispersed into the conical tower it is absorbed by the exposed root mass. The un-absorbed liquid nutrient solution collects the in base of the conical tower and is returned to the reservoir to be reused.

Abstract: Steam may be used to dry feedstock prior to delivery to a gasifier. A steam supply may be delivered to embodiments such as a feedstock dryer. Heat from the steam may then be transferred into the feedstock and used in drying the feedstock. Steam pressures may include pressures from 75 pounds per square inch up to and including 900 pounds per square inch.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process and apparatus for the gasification of a liquid fuel and includes providing a supply of a liquid fuel, a supply of oxidant, and a supply of liquid water; atomizing the liquid fuel and mixing it with the oxidant and steam; catalytically reacting the fuel-oxidant-steam mixture in a catalyst bed; initiating the catalytic reaction with an ignition source; positioning a heat exchanger in proximity with the catalyst bed so as to convert the liquid water to steam; and feeding the steam into the catalytic reaction, thereby eliminating the need for a liquid fuel vaporizer. A preferred catalyst bed includes an ultra-short-channel-length metal substrate.

Abstract: The energy-saving vertical valance assembly has a panel which overlaps gaps at edges of a drawn window shade and has a mounting grip, the panel having a mounting leg which is held against the window by the grip, the assembly reducing energy exchange between indoors and outdoors by reducing air circulation at the gaps and reducing radiation and conduction energy exchanges at parts of the window the panel is held against.

Abstract: Double paneled door assembly providing RF shielding and soundproofing through the use of two door panels, i.e., back door panel and front door panel, as well as respective back door frame and front door frame. The door panels and door frames are joined together by door pins and door pin bushing as well as frame pins and frame pin bushings, and the double door panels are mounted on the double frames by heavy duty hinges. The use of two door panels and frame panels with a volume of sealed air or other inert gas between the panels aids the RF shielding and soundproofing properties of the door. The bushings act as damping mechanisms to reduce transmission of vibration from the front side of the door assembly to the back side of the door assembly that will ultimately reduce waves permeating into an enclosed room or area.

Abstract: An assembly consisting of an opening panel of a motor vehicle and at least two reinforcing elements. Each reinforcing element has an elongate shape and two ends, the panel comprising at least two connecting elements, each reinforcing element being connectable to the panel in such a way that each end of the reinforcing elements is at least partially superposed on one of the connecting elements, the reinforcing elements and connecting elements forming at least one continuous frame when the reinforcing elements and the panel are connected.

Abstract: An overhead door assembly includes a horizontal track, a transition track and a vertical track. The horizontal track has a first axial end and an oppositely disposed second axial end. The transition track has a first end and a second end and is curved. The first end is engaged to the second axial end of the horizontal track. The vertical track includes a first end portion and a second end portion. The first end portion is rigidly mounted to the second end of the transition track. The vertical track includes a plurality of guide portions and a plurality of jog portions that are alternately disposed along the vertical track. The plurality of guide portions and the plurality of jog portions cooperatively define a channel. The plurality of jog portions is offset from the plurality of guide portions.

Abstract: A power drive unit system includes a vehicle door, a slide member, a motor, first and second cable guide members, first and second cables, an external spool, a door inner panel and one guide track. The internal spool unit includes an internal spool. The motor operatively communicates with the internal spool. The first cable guide member is associated with a first cable and the external spool. The first cable is attached to the internal spool and the external spool. The second cable guide member is associated with a second cable and the external spool. The second cable is attached to the internal cable spool the external spool, which in turn communicates with an output gear. The motor actuates the internal cable spool to pull the second cable, thereby causing rotation of the external spool and the drive shaft. The rotation of the drive shaft results in rotation of the door relative to the body; after which the door slides open.

Abstract: A roller for sliding a movable panel includes a housing and a plurality of wheels positioned within the housing. The housing is positionable in a space defined between a bottom surface of the panel and a channel which receives a guided edge of the panel.

Abstract: A system for aligning a slide door of a vehicle. A pair of locating features, each having a male part and a female part, are attached to a surface of a pillar of the vehicle and to a surface of the door. A rail is attached to the body, the rail having a non-flared portion and a flared portion. A wheel attached to the door is movable along the rail. The wheel is laterally constrained in the non-flared portion of the rail when the door is in an open condition and are laterally movable in the flared portions of the rail when the door is proximate a closed condition. A projecting portion of the male part mates with a receptacle of the female part when the slide door is closed, laterally adjusting and aligning the door with respect to the outer body panel.

Abstract: A weather strip is provided for a door of a motor vehicle. The functional surfaces of the weather strip are provided with a coating. To minimize noise generation, an outer surface of the sealing lip of the weather strip has a double coating consisting of a flock coat and a sliding varnish.

Abstract: This invention relates to a door assembly comprising a pair of door skins which are mechanically secured together to define a top and bottom opening. The top and bottom openings receive an end cap therein to complete the door. The end cap of the present invention is comprised of two separate pieces, namely a locking clip and a beam, whereby the locking clip is slidably engaged with the beam to form the end cap. This allows a manufacturer to form the locking clip with a first material and the beam with a second material, depending on the specific requirements of the door.

Abstract: A method of producing an abrasive cutting string provides for coating a plastomeric string with a solution of a solvent and the plastomeric material of the string, applying an abrasive and removing the solvent to thereby provide a cutting string with excellent abrasive bind and string coverage, that can be manufactured at high speeds, and then used on a spool in the rotary cutting assembly of a string trimmer to incrementally feed at least one extremity of the abrasive string for rotation through a cutting swath.

Abstract: A tunable impedance load bearing structure includes a support comprising an active material configured for supporting a load, wherein the active material undergoes a change in a property upon exposure to an activating condition, wherein the change in the property is effective to change an impedance characteristic of the support.

Abstract: A roof structure of a building that has a pair of rafter beams and a pair of eave struts extending between and connected to the rafter beams includes a plurality of first banding strips. The first banding strips have opposite distal ends extending between and connected to the rafter beams. A plurality of second banding strips has opposite distal ends extending between and connected to the eave struts. A support sheet is supported on the first and second banding strips, and a shock absorbing member is attached between the support sheet and one of the rafter beams or the eave struts.

Abstract: The invention provides an adjustable mounting system for mounting countertops and other similar structures to a wall or other similar structure. Adjustable mounting systems of the invention include hinge adjustment features and/or length adjustment features that allow a single system to be adapted to fit a variety of sizes and/or shapes of spaces. The invention further provides methods of mounting a countertop using an adjustable mounting system.

Abstract: At least one adapter and at least one support bracket are utilized with a boom arm having at least one boom arm section. The at least one adapter is integrally attached by welding to the boom arm section and has a receiving section. The at least one support bracket is received in the receiving section of said at least one adapter. The boom arm has telescoping sections, and an adapter and support bracket is positioned secured at each section. The support bracket receives a cable, to facilitate retention of the cable to the boom arm for use at a platform located at the top of the arm.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mounting at least one line in a tower of a wind power plant, the line is provided in the tower before its erection in shortened, preferably folded or wound-up form. The tower also includes a means for extending the line, after erection of the tower so that the lower end of the line is lowered in a controlled manner to the bottom of the tower and can be attached there to a connector and the upper end is extended to a connector at the top of the tower if not already connected to the connector.

Abstract: The structure bearing surface is artificially constructed, avoiding any foundation failures which, according to aftershock data, have already occurred resulting in cracks or even in complete rupture of joints. Anti-seismic insulation is then created by using cell cushions, whereas erosion to connecting mechanisms as well as to the primary shock-proof mechanism may be prevented by using insulators. The sand ensures stable working surface for the equal load distribution during the time required for the construction, as well as following the completion of the project. Moreover, at the time of the earthquake, the mechanical properties of the sand shall provide elasticity, enhancing the shock-proof properties of cushions, preventing at the same time the uneven load distribution on building frame. The connecting mechanisms, which are fixed on the main points of both sides of the entire project, shall provide the secure operation of shock-proof mechanism.

Abstract: A foundation system includes metal framing members that support a reinforced, lightweight, dimensionally stable cementitious panel. The foundation system is non-combustible, water durable, mold and rot resistant, and termite resistant. The panels employ one or more layers of a continuous phase resulting from the curing of an aqueous mixture of inorganic binder, for example, calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, hydraulic cement, an active pozzolan and lime. The continuous phase is reinforced with glass fibers and contains lightweight filler particles, for example, ceramic microspheres.

Abstract: Hybrid operating room, and method of using thereof. For example, a surgery center includes: a hybrid operating room comprising a first chamber and a second chamber, wherein the first chamber and the second chamber are adjacent and share a common wall, wherein the common wall comprises an aperture, wherein the hybrid operating room further comprises a surgery bed, wherein a first portion of the surgery bed is located in the first chamber, wherein a second portion of the surgery bed is located in the second chamber.

Abstract: The FIRESHIELD approach presented herein is unique and designed as a barrier-like device capable of preventing wildfire embers from entering a structure's attic through its air vents while preserving the mold-resistant qualities as that of an open air vent. Modifications of air vents to a rooftop's attic are to be made with the retrofitting of an oversized FIRESHIELD panel that is externally mounted with a narrow ‘standoff’ gapped region. This panel acts as a barrier to wildfire driven embers and also forms an inner air channel pathway that accommodates air ventilation to the attic. This unique design is called a FIRESHIELD device and covers the typical air vent with an external attachment device consisting of a low cost, sheet-like panel (such as an aluminum sheet) with attachment to the rooftop air vent so as to provide a narrow ‘standoff’ air gap for maintaining ventilation.

Abstract: An IG unit includes a perimeter structure having a port, a first pane supported by the perimeter structure, a second pane supported by the perimeter structure opposite the first pane with an interior space defined between the first and second panes that is sealed and connected to the port, and a membrane valve assembly adapted to act as a self-sealing access to the port. The membrane valve assembly optionally includes a first sealant layer, a second membrane layer, and a third sealant layer, for example.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for attaching false stretched walls made of a flexible sheet (1) attached by the edges thereof to a mini-stringer (3?), said edges being provided with a harpoon-type hook (11) inserted as a gooseneck between the two flanges of the stringer (3?) and including a first section (11a) connected to the sheet (1) and a second section (11b) folded on the first one, and having an end bead bearing onto a shoulder (8) of the outer flange (5) of said stringer, characterised in that the end bead of the harpoon (11) includes a disconnection lip (12) extending perpendicularly from the bearing area of the bead on the shoulder (8), and extending under said shoulder (8) in the gap of the stringer (3?) so that said lip (12) can be used as a lever for urging the end of the harpoon (11) out of the shoulder (8), without any penetration of an application tool in the stringer (3?), in order to easily dismantle said sheet (1).

Abstract: A fatigue resistant gravity based spread footing under heavy multi-axial cyclical loading of a wind tower having a central vertical pedestal, a substantially horizontal continuous bottom support slab with a stiffened perimeter, a plurality of radial reinforcing ribs extending radially outwardly from the pedestal and a three-dimensional network 500 of post-tensioning elements that keep the structural elements under heavy multi-axial post compression with a specific eccentricity that is intended to reduces stress amplitudes and deflections and allows the foundation to have a desirable combination of high stiffness and superior fatigue resistance. The foundation design reduces the weight and volume of materials used, reduces cost, and improves heat dissipation conditions during construction by having a small ratio of concrete mass to surface area thus eliminating the risk of thermal cracking due to heat of hydration.

Abstract: A trimmable pigmented door product trimmed without coloration variations comprising two identical same pigmented compression molded skins (11, 12) by face to face assembled each other, each pigmented skin is composed by weight of 12% to 20% polyester resin, 6% to 13% styrene monomer, 3% to 6% polystyrene, 36% to 54% calcium carbonate and 16% to 28% chopped fiber glass to blend in different percentages with pigmented components selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, ferric oxide, organic green pigment, organic blue pigment and carbon black, so that a trimmable pigmented door product having different colors and trimmed without loss of the integrity of the skin can be obtained and particularly has the feature that if scratched and abraded the scratches and abrasions on the skin are not apparent.

Abstract: A wall covering comprised of a plurality of panels formed with a stone and mortar design. The panels are mounted in horizontal courses with a lower marginal edge region of one panel being in overlying relation to the upper marginal edge region of a panel in a previously mounted course. The upper and lower marginal edge regions have a tapered seating design which enable close positioning of the stone and mortar of two mating panels with the mortar lines between the stone being in substantially coplanar relation with each other and where a portion of the simulated stone protrudes downward in different locations so as to create a non-uniform mortar distance between simulates stones on an upper panel from simulated stones on a lower panel, thus further obscuring the seam formed between the panels.

Abstract: Panels for use in building construction (partitions, walls, ceilings, floors or doors) which exhibit improved acoustical sound proofing in multiple specific frequency ranges and also present improved structural integrity, are provided. The improved performance is achieved through the use of one or more layers of glue such that at least one layer of glue includes a viscoelastic material in a first pattern and a structural adhesive in a second, non-overlapping pattern. The viscoelastic material may have a varied shear moduli and functions as a glue and energy dissipating layer. In some embodiments, one or more constraining layers separating one layer of glue may be included. The constraining layer may be formed of a material such as gypsum, cement, metal, cellulose, wood, or petroleum-based products such as vinyl, plastic, or rubber. In some embodiments, standard wallboard, typically gypsum, comprises the external surfaces of the laminated panel.

Abstract: A floor assembly comprises at least two adjacent panels, which are each provided with ribs extending at least along sides of the panel. At least one rib is provided with at least one opening extending through the rib, through which a securing element extends for securing ribs extending parallel to each other of said adjacent panels together.

Abstract: A weather resistant shingle system is provided, wherein a starter strip course of shingles is applied to a roof, and with successive courses of field shingles applied thereover, with adjacent underlying and overlying shingles adhesively secured together to provide wind resistance to tabs of next overlying shingles from being upwardly lifted under wind conditions, and to prevent moisture, such as rain, from entering beneath tabs of shingles.

Abstract: A building product is configured for attachment to a surface of a building. In one example, the building product includes a siding product including a first side and a second side. In one example, the siding product is a pultruded product. A first engagement feature is disposed on or near the first side. A second engagement feature is disposed on or near the second side. The second engagement feature is configured to selectively frictionally engage with the first engagement feature of another similar siding product such that any curvature in the siding product increases frictional engagement between the siding product and the other similar siding product. In one example, the building product includes a spacer clip for attachment of the building product to the surface of the building.

Abstract: A connector for joining modular flooring tiles to one another on a floor without joining the tiles to the floor includes a tile-contacting surface comprising a material operative for preventing movement of the flooring tiles.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a concrete sandwich panel. The sandwich panel may comprise a first reinforced concrete panel; a second reinforced concrete panel; an insulating panel sandwiched between the first reinforced concrete panel and the second reinforced concrete panel; a tie comprising a generally triangle wave-shaped pattern having a period defined by peaks spaced at a regular interval and a peak-to-peak amplitude greater than the thickness of the insulating panel; wherein the insulating panel has a plurality of generally linear slots defined at the regular interval of the tie for receiving the tie such that opposing ends of the tie terminate adjacent to the insulating panel, and the plurality of generally linear slots are filled utilizing an insulating material upon insertion of the tie to reduce thermal bridging; and wherein the peaks of the tie mechanically join the first and second reinforced concrete panels to the insulating panel.

Abstract: A polymeric interlocking tile for an adhesive-free assemblage with adjacent tiles having substantially similar, but inverted, edge interlocks thereon. The interlocks on each edge of a tile include a row of first and second sets of male-female types of alternating interlocks. The first interlock set includes a male lug projection having sidewalls forming one sidewall of a channel of U-shaped cross-section. The channel forms a female interlock cavity for the first set. The second interlock set is contiguous to the first set and includes a male projecting rib having two parallel sidewalls, one sidewall faces the edge and forms an opposite sidewall of the channel and an opposite, inwardly facing sidewall forms an enclosure for a second female cavity of the next set. At the opposite ends of each interlock row, the U-shaped channel sidewalls are wider to facilitate an initial interlock meshing between contiguous tiles of the assemblage.

Abstract: A paving assembly comprises a set of artificial paving stones held in position relative to each other by a membrane. The membrane has a set of connecting members extending from one stone to an adjacent stone. The membrane also has a set of protruding members that extend from the connecting members into the stones. The membrane may be a unitary structure with the protruding and connecting members cast of molded together. The connecting members may be located generally within a plane below the stones. To make the assembly, the set of stones may be cast inverted into a mold, the membrane laid across the bottom surface of the stones, and the protruding members pressed into the stones before they cure.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method of making a selected structure using composite materials is disclosed, which method in form includes providing a plurality of members each comprising a composite material, wherein each member is configured to be coupled to at least one other member in the plurality of members along a longitudinal side; coupling onsite the plurality of members along their longitudinal sides to form a base enclosed structure; and reinforcing onsite the base enclosed structure to form the selected structure.

Abstract: A wire tire includes an embedment end having first and second ends. First and second leg portions extend from the first and second ends, respectively. First and second moment arms extend from the first and second leg portions, respectively. First and second hook arms extend from the first and second moments arms, respectively.

Abstract: A method and system for covering industrial wood plank or wood block floors that can be installed quickly without creating a hazardous environment or hazardous wastes and without the necessity of removing installed equipment. Sand is swept over the wood to fill voids and cracks. Next metal lath is stapled to the wood. A first layer of epoxy is poured onto the metal lath. After this is dry, a second coat of finish epoxy, possibly colored as desired, can be installed on the first epoxy layer. When this dries, the job is done and operations can be restarted. The epoxy material used can be self-leveling for ease of application and the final floor is approximately level. In a particular embodiment, a layer of plastic can be placed over the floor before the lath is installed, and in another embodiment, the second layer of epoxy can be omitted.

Abstract: A masonry wall is constructed of multiple courses of bricks, concrete blocks or other masonry units. A single-component urethane foam material is employed as bonding agent and is applied to the facing surfaces of the masonry units. The single-component material cures by absorbing water from its environment. The material sets up slowly to permit the mason to adjust positions of the masonry blocks, and cures to hardness in about a day. The amine in the single component material exchanges water molecules from alumina in the masonry units, and permits strong alumina-amine bonding.

Abstract: Franchised Building Construction System including Factory Concrete Yard or Site Built Semi Trucked Poured or Pressed Gang Molded Components made of Insulated Pumice and/or Styrofoam and/or Fiberglass Concrete or OSB Compositions, Trusses, Floor, Ceiling, and Wall Panels, 4 to 10 ft. Wide by 2 to 80 ft. Long, also New Component Connecting Fasteners, also Concrete and Asphalt Roofing Materials, Rolls and Sections, Poured or Pressed Composite Mobile Homes, Single and Double Wide, also Dimensional Building Materials including Flooring, Siding, and Framing, also Poured or Pressed Sheds, Doors, Windows, Furniture and Cabinets, also related Equipment including a Wire Pulling Rack System, Gantry Crane Mounted on a Truck, Rail Car, or Semi Trailer, with Telescoping Mast and Boom, Elevating Boom, Hydraulic Stabilizers, Pumice Concrete Composite Mixtures and Usages, also a Crane for Rolled Roofing Material Delivery and one for Tree Service and Selective Cut Cellulosic Building Materials Harvesting.

Abstract: The invention relates to a masonry support system and method, suitable for bearing the load of a course of brick-work or defined brickwork panels, comprising a horizontal support section (2) in the X-plane for supporting said load; a vertical support section (3) in the Y-plane for affixing to a support structure; characterised in that there is provided integrated Z-axis adjustment means (61) for adjusting said relieving angle system forward or backwards relative to the support structure. The advantage of the present invention is that the system provides integrated Z-axis adjustment. This feature provides a unique level of tolerance compensation for unforeseen site variances. The invention provides a uniquely adjustable and easy to install angle brick masonry support system.

Abstract: A modular construction system includes an elongate construction element. The element has an elongate body including a longitudinal web, defining opposite first and second edges and a longitudinal first centreline, and a longitudinal first flange transverse to the web along the first edge, the elongate body defining opposite first and second ends. At the first end, a first end plate is provided that is orthogonal to the first centreline. Defined through the first end plate are a first hole on the first centreline, a second hole intermediate the first hole and the first edge, and a third hole intermediate the first hole and the second edge. The holes are preferably equispaced. For each of the holes, a cut-out is provided in the web. The cut-out allows insertion of a shaft of a bolt through the hole whilst accommodating the head of the bolt. First and second types of jointing element for coupling a number of elongate construction elements thereto to form a permanent or temporary structure are also described.

Abstract: A shrink film applying apparatus includes an article feed for feeding articles for shrink-wrapping at line pressure; a wrapping conveyor driven at a wrapping speed through a wrapping zone, the wrapping conveyor receiving articles from the article feed. First and second films are supplied to the wrapping zone. A plurality of flight bars are individually driven in a path at a variable speed. A sealing mechanism within the wrapping zone seals the first film to the second film at contact points to form a circumferential film unit substantially surrounding grouped articles within loops of second film and a corresponding portion of the first film, the film unit being shrinkable about the grouped articles to form a package. Related methods and subassemblies of the apparatus are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for packaging the sensor units is shown below. First step is providing a substrate, and each sensor area on the substrate is partitioned into two individual circuit areas. An emitter and a detector are installed on the two circuit areas respectively. Step two is forming a first packaging structure to cover the two circuit areas, the emitter and the detector by a mold. Next step is cutting the first packaging structure to form cut groove between and around the emitter and the detector. Next step is forming a second packaging structure in the cut grooves by the same mold. At last, the panel of sensor units is diced and separated as individual sensor units. As above-mentioned, the second packaging structure is used for isolating the signals of the emitter and the detector.