Abstract: Various embodiments of a semiconductor memory apparatus and a related driving method are disclosed. According to one exemplary embodiment, a semiconductor memory apparatus may include a switching unit and a switching control unit. The switching unit couples or decouples a cell plate voltage line to or from a cell plate electrode in response to a control signal. The switching control unit is configured to enable the control signal at a first timing and disable the control signal at a second timing.

Abstract: Memory controllers, memory devices and methods are provided in which test data is transmitted and signal parameters are varied. The transmitted test data is read, and based on a comparison between transmitted test data and read test data a transmitter impedance is adjusted.

Abstract: A memory system and method uses stacked memory device dice coupled to each other and to a logic die. The logic die may include a timing correction system that is operable to control the timing at which the logic die receives signals, such as read data signals, from each of the memory device dice. The timing correction controls the timing of the read data or other signals by adjusting the timing of respective strobe signals, such as read strobe signals, that are applied to each of the memory device dice. The memory device dice may transmit read data to the memory device at a time determined by when it receives the respective strobe signals. The timing of each of the strobe signals is adjusted so that the read data or other signals from all of the memory device dice are received at the same time.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory apparatus includes: a precharge voltage control unit configured to selectively output a bit line precharge voltage or a core voltage as a control voltage in response to a test signal; a bit line equalization unit configured to precharge a bit line to the control voltage; a sense amplifier driving control unit configured to generate a first voltage supply control signal, a second voltage supply control signal and a third voltage supply control signal in response to the test signal, a sense amplifier enable test signal, a first voltage supply signal, a second voltage supply signal and a third voltage supply signal; and a voltage supply unit configured to provide the core voltage, an external voltage and a ground voltage to a sense amplifier with an open bit line structure in response to the first to third voltage supply control signals.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device comprises a substrate comprising a first cell array region, a first sense circuit region, a second sense circuit region, and a second cell array region that are arranged in order from a first side to a second side. First and second bit lines are coupled to a plurality of memory cells in the first cell array region, and first and second complementary bit lines are coupled to a plurality of memory cells in the second cell array region. A first column selector is formed in the first sense circuit region and is coupled to the first bit line and the first complementary bit line. A second column selector is formed in the second sense circuit region and is coupled to the second bit line and the second complementary bit line. The first column selector and the second column selector are formed directly adjacent to each other.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a first anti-fuse element and a second anti-fuse element, respectively composed of a transistor, wherein the first anti-fuse element and the second anti-fuse element are configured so as to be concomitantly programmable, respectively formed in P-wells on a substrate, and the adjacent P-wells are isolated by N-wells of an opposite conductivity type, formed therebetween.

Abstract: Multi-channel semiconductor integrated circuit devices are provided including a plurality of memory devices that are independently accessible, each of the plurality of memory devices including at least one power generation unit and a control unit for controlling an operation of the at least one power generation unit, a detection unit for detecting an operation state of the plurality of memory devices, and a common control unit for commonly controlling an operation of the at least one power generation unit of the plurality of memory devices, according to the operation state of the plurality of memory devices detected by the detection unit. The control unit of each of the plurality of memory devices controls the operation of the at least one power generation unit of a corresponding one of the plurality of memory devices.

Abstract: The bank active signal generation circuit comprises a decoded signal generator and an active signal generator. The decoded signal generator generates decoded signals from a first bank access signal, a second bank access signal and a row address signal in response to when a prefetch signal at a first mode. The decoded signal generator also generates decoded signals from the first bank access signal, the second bank access signal, and a third bank access signal in response when the prefetch signal at a second mode. The active signal generator generates bank active signals in response to receiving the decoded signals, an active pulse and a precharge pulse.

Abstract: A main decoding circuit includes a shared column selection signal generating unit and a switching unit. The shared column selection signal generating unit receives a column decoding signal to generate a shared column selection signal. The switching unit selectively provides the shared column selection signal to one of a column selection line of a first memory bank and a column selection line of a second memory bank in response to a bank selection signal.

Abstract: A static random access memory (SRAM) cell includes a first read port, the first read port having a first beta ratio; and a write port, the write port having a second beta ratio that is substantially lower than the first beta ratio. A static random access memory (SRAM) array includes a plurality of SRAM cells, an SRAM cell including a first read port, the first read port having a first beta ratio; and a write port, the write port having a second beta ratio that is substantially lower than the first beta ratio.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device and a layout structure of sub-word line control signal generators. The sub-word line control signal generators are configured to supply a sub-word line control signal of a predefined voltage level to a sub-word line driver to enable a sub-word line of a memory cell array. At least two sub-word line control signal generators are disposed, respectively, at edge areas of the memory cell array, to directly supply the sub-word line control signal to one selected sub-word line driver, thereby reducing the power consumption, including for example, VPP voltage. Embodiments of the present invention also reduce the number of VPP power lines, thereby lessening a noise disturbance.

Abstract: A kneading device (101) for kneading dough. The device (101) comprises a kneading tool (106), a driving unit (110) for driving the kneading tool around a central axis, a bowl (104) for accommodating the kneading tool (106) and a base (103) for supporting the bowl (104). The kneading tool (106) comprises a central body (107) having only one agitating arm (108) and at least one axially and radially extending wiper (109). This tool (107) has a good performance and facilitates easy cleaning of the kneading device (101).

Abstract: A diffuser provides the ability to diffuse one or more infusion materials into a host material. A rotor and stator rotate relative to one another. The infusion materials are drawn through openings in the rotor and stator. These openings are also causing turbulence within the host material, which is flowing through an area between the rotor and stator. As aligned openings pass one another, succussion occurs, which provides energy to diffuse the infusion materials into the host material to an extremely high degree. The opening patterns in the rotor and stator can be designed to operate at a single frequency or at multiple frequencies. The frequencies of operation may affect bonding between the infusion materials and the host material and may also be effective in break down of complex molecular structures.

Abstract: An agitator assembly for use with mixers is provided. This agitator assembly includes an agitator shaft adapted to receive a flow of liquid coolant therethrough; a first hub assembly mounted on the agitator shaft; a second hub assembly mounted on the agitator shaft; at least one agitator bar connecting the first hub extension to the second hub extension, wherein the agitator bar further includes a conduit for delivering liquid coolant from the first hub extension to the second hub extension; and at least one agitator bar connecting the second hub extension to the first hub extension, wherein the agitator bar further includes a conduit for returning liquid coolant from the second hub extension to the first hub extension.

Abstract: A cooling jacket for use with mixing bowls is provided. This cooling jacket includes a plurality of channel forming structures, wherein each of the plurality of channel forming structures further includes a least one substantially vertical portion and a substantially horizontal portion, and wherein each channel forming structure defines a channel for receiving liquid coolant; and a plurality of pins positioned within the channels either in a predetermined, regular manner or randomly.

Abstract: A method of preparing compounds comprising a plurality of components, the method comprising providing a modular dye meter, introducing component into one or more than one modular batching member of the modular dye meter, where the compound to be prepared comprises the one or more than one component, activating the internal rotor of one or more than one of the batching and delivering devices, thereby causing the internal rotors to rotate in the first direction, where rotation of the internal rotor moves component through the progressive recesses of the batching and delivering device through the corresponding delivery duct and through the dispenser, and thereby into a vessel for containing the compound, causing the rotation of the internal rotor in the first direction to cease, causing the internal rotor to rotate in a second direction, where the second direction is opposite to the first direction, thereby moving component back through the delivery duct into the corresponding batching and delivering device, and

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of constructing elements which wipe each other during corotation about two parallel axes in such a manner that they constantly touch each other at at least one point.

Abstract: A cross flow inversion mixing baffle that mixes a fluid flow and addresses the streaking phenomenon of the fluid flow in a motionless mixer, the cross flow inversion baffle including a divider wall having first and second sides. On each side of the divider wall, the cross flow inversion baffle includes a perimeter flow diverter, a center-to-perimeter flow portion, and a perimeter-to-center flow portion. The cross flow inversion baffle acts to split the fluid flow so that the fluid in opposing halves of the perimeter of the fluid flow are directed towards opposing halves of the center of the fluid flow, while the center of the fluid flow is split and directed towards opposing halves of the perimeter of the fluid flow.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and system for finding and physically altering underground targets. Multiple nodes are dispersed into the ground and determine their spatial orientation using seismic waves, and then operate as an array to locate and properly time kinetic pulses to focus seismic waves on the target.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described for attenuating noise associated with atmospheric pressure fluctuations in a seismic signal during seismic data acquisition using at least a pair of sensors comprising a seismic sensor and a pressure sensor for concurrently receiving a seismic signal and a pressure signal respectively, the sensors being adapted individually to transmit the respective seismic and pressure signals to a remote recording station which is adapted to record a plurality of seismic and pressure signals; and a filter for removing, at least partly, noise associated with atmospheric pressure fluctuations in the seismic signal, the filter employing an input signal from the pressure sensor; and a model of the coupling between the atmosphere and the ground to generate a reference signal which is combined with the seismic signal to produce an output signal.

Abstract: The invention is a method of calculating seismic time shifts ?{right arrow over (t)}(t), comprising: conducting a number (n) of three or more seismic surveys with large time differences such as months or years, producing a number (n) of three or more vintages of seismic data d1(t), d2(t), . . .

Abstract: In at least some embodiments, the system obtains shot gathers for a survey region and migrates the shot gather data with an initial velocity model to obtain angle-domain common image gathers. The system processes the common image gathers to determine depth residuals and corresponding angle-dependent time deviations throughout a seismic survey region. The system solves a set of tomographic equations which employ ray theory to establish a relationship between a travel time deviation and the depth residual of a reflector in the depth-offset ray parameter (z,p) domain. The resulting updates are applied to the velocity model and can be used to re-migrate the shot gather data. The system generates a representation of the survey region that can be displayed to a user.

Abstract: A technique includes simulating seismic wave propagation based on an acoustic model and based on a result of the simulation, estimating an error between the result and another result obtained if the seismic wave propagation were simulated based on an elastic model. The technique includes based at least in part on the estimated error predicting the other result without performing the simulation based on the elastic model.

Abstract: An acoustic Doppler system comprising a plurality of acoustic transceivers, an acoustic subsystem controller and a main processing unit operatively connected to the acoustic subsystem controller. A first of the plurality of acoustic transceivers operates at a first acoustic frequency and is operatively connected to a first group of transducers producing an acoustic signal. A second of the plurality of acoustic transceivers operates at a second acoustic frequency and is operatively connected to a second group of transducers producing an acoustic signal. The first and second acoustic transceivers are adapted to operate concurrently at the first and second acoustic frequencies. The acoustic subsystem controller is operatively connected to the first and second acoustic transceivers and controls the acoustic signals produced by the first and second group of transducers.

Abstract: A thermoacoustic device includes a sound wave generator, a plurality of first electrodes, a plurality of second electrodes, a first network and a second network. The sound wave generator includes a first surface and a second surface. The plurality of first electrodes are disposed on the first surface. The plurality of second electrodes are disposed on the second surface. The first electrodes and the second electrodes are alternately arranged. Each of the first network and the second network includes a plurality of conducting wires. The plurality of first electrodes are connected together by the plurality of conducting wires in the first network. The plurality of second electrodes are connected together by the plurality of conducting wires in the second network.

Abstract: An acoustic energy source for imparting acoustic energy into the Earth's subsurface includes an electrically driven transducer coupled to a source of swept frequency alternating current. A tunable Helmholtz resonator is disposed proximate the transducer. In one example, the resonator has a tuning device configured to maintain a resonant frequency substantially equal to an instantaneous frequency of the alternating current. The tuning device includes an actuator coupled to a sleeve, wherein the sleeve is disposed over selected numbers of openings in a wall of a tube on the resonator. The transducer and the resonator are disposed in a wellbore drilled through rock formations. The wellbore has a plurality of layers of fluid therein, each layer thereof having a different density and/or viscosity.

Abstract: An acoustic transducer that enables acoustic radiation at a low frequency and that also improves efficiency of the acoustic radiation into liquid is provided. The acoustic transducer according to the present invention includes bending vibration module 7 that is formed by at least one bending oscillating body 1 that has at least one plate type piezoelectric resonator 2 and diaphragm 3, and supporting member 9 for supporting bending vibration module 7. A plurality of bending vibration modules 7 are cylindrically arranged, and supporting members 9 radially protrude from shaft 8 provided at the center of the cylindrically arranged bending vibration modules 7 and are joined with the ends of diaphragms 3 of adjoining bending vibration modules 7.

Abstract: A time information-acquiring apparatus comprises an input waveform generator which generates an input waveform, a predicted waveform generator which generates plural phase-shifted predicted waveforms, a correlation calculator which calculates a positive correlation based on a first value of the input waveform and a first value of the predicted waveform or a second value of the input waveform and a second value of the predicted waveform, and calculates a negative correlation based on the first value of the input waveform and the second value of the predicted waveform or the second value of the input waveform and the first value of the predicted waveform, a comparator which compares the correlation values to detect an optimal value, and a controller which detects a head position of a second based on a predicted waveform related to the optimal value.

Abstract: A time information-acquiring apparatus comprises a receiver receiving a standard time radio wave, an input waveform generator sampling a signal output from the receiver and to generating input waveform data with one or more unit time lengths, the input waveform data at each sampling point having a first value indicating a low level or a second value, the input waveform data within a first characteristic section having a predetermined value unique to codes forming a time code included in the standard time radio wave, an accumulator accumulating the value of the input waveform data during the first characteristic section, a calculator multiplying the accumulated value by characteristic values, and calculating correlation values between the input waveform data and the codes based on multiplied values.

Abstract: A time display device comprises a dial plate; a plurality of time indication portions set in the dial plate; and a plurality of groups of luminophors. Each of the groups of luminophors corresponds to a time indication portion, and comprises a first luminophor, a second luminophor, and a third luminophor. A clock unit provides current time information. A first switch unit electrifies/powers off the first luminophor. A second switch unit electrifies/powers off the second luminophor. A third switch unit electrifies/powers off the third luminophor. A hour hand controlling module obtains a hour value, and controls the first switch unit to electrify the first luminophor of the time indication portion corresponding to the obtained hour value. A minute hand controlling module obtains the current minute value, and controls the second switch and/or the third switch unit to electrify the corresponding luminophor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a hard disk apparatus, including: a magnetic recording medium; a recording head adapted to record information on the magnetic recording medium; a semiconductor laser adapted to be controlled for light emission in a cycle of a recording clock to irradiate a light spot upon the magnetic recording medium to carry out thermal assistance in magnetic recording by the recording head; a laser driving circuit adapted to drive the semiconductor laser at a timing and with optical power in accordance with a light emission timing signal and a laser power controlling signal; and a controller adapted to set laser power in accordance with at least one of characteristics of the magnetic recording medium, semiconductor laser and recording head and output the laser power controlling signal to the laser driving circuit so that the laser power is adaptively varied.

Abstract: Proposed is a technique of guiding light to a waveguide, by which the light use efficiency is increased. In order to achieve the above object, adopted is an optical element comprising, at an outer edge portion thereof, an incident surface on which light from a light source is incident, a diffraction grating surface, and an internal reflection surface which guides light incident from the incident surface to the diffraction grating surface.

Abstract: Of side surfaces of a flexible substrate provided on a flexure, one surface opposing an optical fiber forms a mirror surface inclined by a predetermined angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the optical fiber. Owing to this configuration, the optical fiber is optically coupled to a near-field light element inside a slider.

Abstract: An optical disc apparatus for shortening time necessary for adjustment while maintaining an accuracy of a result of adjustment, determines “A” pieces (A?1, A<N, and “A” is an integer) of recording layers, upon arrangement of the recording layers of an optical disc having “N” pieces (N?3, “N” is an integer) of recording layers. With remaining “B” pieces (B?1, B<N, B=N?A, and “B” is an integer) of recording layers, the “B” pieces of correction values corresponding to the respective recording layers are calculated, upon basis of the correction values of a result of adjustment of other recording layers, on which the adjustment is executed, and thickness of substrate of the recording layers. On each recording layer, it is determined on whether the correction value is obtained with the adjustment process or the correction value is obtained with calculation, depending on an arrangement of the recording layers on the optical disc.

Abstract: An optical disc apparatus has: a spherical aberration correction unit (7) which corrects the spherical aberration generated in a light spot on a recording layer; a control unit (52) which focuses a light beam on a predetermined recording layer, and shifts the focal point position of the light beam from the current recording layer to another recording layer; and a focus jump control unit (60) which controls correction of spherical aberration and shift of the focal point position based on the interlayer distance between the current recording layer and a recording layer which adjoins in a direction opposite to a direction of shifting the focal point position of the light beam. By this configuration, focus jump is stably executed.

Abstract: A controller of an optical storage apparatus for generating a plurality of control signals is provided. The controller includes a code generator implemented for determining a plurality of control codes according to an input data associated with data recording, and generating the control signals to deliver the control codes. Each of the control codes represents one power level. Besides, regarding each of the control signals, a minimum transmission pulse length thereof corresponds to more than one power symbol period.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of the optical recording of information on a medium, such as an optical disc. To read an optical disc in super-resolution mode, a procedure for optimizing the power of the read laser beam is implemented. This optimization is based on the observation that a correlation exists between the power allowing the disc to be read without risk in super-resolution mode and the reflectivity of the sensitive layer containing the information. The reflectivity of the optical disc is measured for several power levels of the read laser, a critical power is determined on the basis of the reflectivity measurements made, and a read power sufficiently above the critical power, so as to be well outside a range of power levels entailing risks, is selected according to the critical power.

Abstract: An optical disk discriminating method and an optical disk device which can detect reflected rays for making discrimination among kinds of optical disks with high accuracies. By switching a plurality of lasers and moving a spherical aberration corrector while moving an objective lens to cause it to approach or keep away from an optical disk, rays reflected light from the optical disk can be detected with high accuracies. Discrimination among the kinds of a plurality of optical disks can be made on the basis of signals generated from the detected reflected rays. This ensures that the kind of an optical disk can be determined through one operation of sweeping.

Abstract: An apparatus generates outgoing data (OD) to be provided on an optical disk (1) in a burst cutting area (2). The burst cutting area (2) further comprises markings (3) which cause a marking frequency spectrum (MFS) when reading out the burst cutting area (2). The apparatus comprises a channel coder (4) which receives processed data (PD) and supplies the outgoing data (OD) having an outgoing data frequency spectrum (DFS) with suppressed DC-content. The apparatus further comprises a data processing device (5) which generates the processed data (PD) to obtain an outgoing frequency spectrum (DFS) wherein a frequency component causing interference with a low frequent component of the markings (3) is suppressed or not present.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an optical recording medium and an optical information device that enable to improve the quality of a servo signal and a reproduction signal.

Abstract: An optical pickup device corresponding to an optical recording medium having a plurality of recording layers, and an optical drive using the device are provided. The optical pickup device includes a collimator lens disposed between an object lens and a light source. The collimator lens adjusts a focal length with respect to the optical recording medium, and the object lens focuses light passing through the collimator lens, on the optical recording medium. The object lens is optically optimized for an upper or second-upper recording layer of the optical recording medium.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recording contents. The method includes recording contents on a disc; verifying whether an error occurs in the recording; and reducing the number of available recordings of the contents, which is included in recording authority information, by 1, if an error does not occur in the recording. According to the method, if an error occurs in recording, the number of available recordings may be prevented from being unreasonably reduced.

Abstract: An improved holographic data storage disc is provided. The holographic data storage disc includes multiple multimedia content, wherein at least one of the multimedia is locked via one or more cryptographic keys.

Abstract: In order to provide an optical recording condition setting method which reduces effects from uneven properties of a rewritable or recordable optical disk and an optical recording/reproducing device, and to provide an optical recording/reproducing device which executes the method, (i) a test writing is carried out with respect to an optical disk under various settings of recording-power parameters for use in forming a shortest record-mark (S1 to S3), (iii) a test pattern used in the test writing is reproduced (S4), and then (iv) recording-power parameters that result in a good quality of reproduced signals are selected (S5).

Abstract: The present invention provides a recording medium reproducing method comprising the steps of: irradiating light onto a recording medium, the recording medium including a data image and a reference pattern, the reference pattern being divided by a plurality of fractional regions, the fractional regions being in invert, rotational and symmetrical relationship; determining information associated to data-image distortion based on the reference pattern; and correcting position of the data image based on the information relating to data-image distortion.

Abstract: A recording apparatus that performs recording of data on a disc-shaped recording medium including a recording area, which is capable of recording user data therein, and a replacement area, which is replaced by a defect area included in the recording area, includes a setting section configured to replace a portion of the recording area by the replacement area, and set the portion of the recording area as an area for adjustment, and an adjustment section configured to perform adjustment by using the area for adjustment.

Abstract: An optical information recording/reproducing optical system where resin material has Tg>115° C., first, second and third films are on an optical disc side of an objective lens and surfaces of an optical element, respectively, a light source side of the objective lens has a fourth film having four or more layers not containing Ti, each of the first, second and third films includes a non-high refractive index layer made of one of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum fluoride and magnesium fluoride or a mixture of at least two of them, each of the first, second and third films is not made of one of Ti, Ta, Hf, Zr, Nb, Mo and Cr, a layer of the fourth film closest to a base material is the non-high refractive index layer. The fourth film satisfies 350<?max(2)<420 and 600<?min(2)<750, and reflectivity thereof decreases monotonously.

Abstract: An optical information recording/reproducing optical system, comprising a light source; an optical element converting a laser beam into a substantially collimated beam; and an objective lens, wherein a wavelength ? (unit: nm) of the laser beam falls within a range of 400<?<410, the optical element and the objective lens are made of same resin materials or different resin materials having a glass transition temperature of Tg>115° C., each of optical surfaces is configured not to have an optical thin film which contains at least one of or elements of titanium, tantalum, hafnium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum and chromium, each of optical surfaces of the optical element is provided with an antireflection film made of one of or a mixture of at least two of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum fluoride and magnesium fluoride, and a following condition is satisfied. ? i = 1 n - 1 ? ( 1 - R ( BL ) ? i 100 ) - ? i = 1 n - 1 ? ( 1 - R ( UV ) ? i 100 ) > 0.

Abstract: An optical pickup includes: a first emitting unit to emit an optical beam of a first wavelength; a second emitting unit to emit an optical beam of a second wavelength; a third emitting unit to emit an optical beam of a third wavelength; an object lens to condense optical beams emitted from the first through third emitting units onto a signal recording face of an optical disc; and a diffraction unit provided on one face of an optical element or the object lens positioned on the optical path of the optical beams of the first through third wavelengths; wherein the diffraction unit includes a generally circular first diffraction region provided on the innermost perimeter, a ring zone shaped second diffraction region provided on the outer side of the first diffraction region, and a ring zone shaped third diffraction region provided on the outer side of the second diffraction region.

Abstract: An optical system of an optical pickup device includes an astigmatism element which imparts astigmatism to BD light reflected on BD and CD light reflected on CD, and a spectral element which disperses four light fluxes of BD light and four light fluxes of CD light by diffraction, the four light fluxes of BD light and the four light fluxes of CD light being obtained by dividing the BD light reflected on the BD and the CD light reflected on the CD by a first straight line parallel to a converging direction by the astigmatism element, and a second straight line perpendicular to the first straight line. A photodetector of the optical pickup device is provided with first and second sensor groups for respectively receiving the four light fluxes of BD light and the four light fluxes of CD light dispersed by the spectral element.