Abstract: In a III-nitride semiconductor laser device, a laser structure includes a support base with a semipolar primary surface comprised of a III-nitride semiconductor, and a semiconductor region provided on the semipolar primary surface of the support base. First and second dielectric multilayer films for an optical cavity of the nitride semiconductor laser device are provided on first and second end faces of the semiconductor region, respectively. The semiconductor region includes a first cladding layer of a first conductivity type gallium nitride-based semiconductor, a second cladding layer of a second conductivity type gallium nitride-based semiconductor, and an active layer provided between the first cladding layer and the second cladding layer. The first cladding layer, the second cladding layer, and the active layer are arranged in an axis normal to the semipolar primary surface.

Abstract: A combustion tube mounting system releasably mounts a combustion tube to an aperture in the floor of a furnace housing. The combustion tube has a base assembly with a cam and can be manually or automatically unlocked by cam pins in the floor for selectively engaging the cam for lowering the combustion tube from the floor of the furnace. When a new combustion tube is placed on the lower seal assembly and raised, it automatically aligns and engages the upper furnace seal and engages cams on the floor of the furnace housing which lock the combustion tube in place as it is introduced into the furnace.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for damping the induced fluid flow, particularly in the region of the base plate, in an electrically conductive material that is heated and melted in a cold crucible induction furnace. Damping is accomplished by establishing a dc magnetic field such that flow of the electrically conductive liquid metal in that dc magnetic field would induce eddy currents in the liquid metal which would generate forces that tend to oppose the flow. The dc magnetic field may be established by dc current flow in the ac induction coil that induces current in the material, dc current flow in a separate dc coil, or coils, constructed to prevent excessive induced losses, by discrete magnets, or a combination of any of the three prior methods. The dc magnetic field may also be established by dc current flow in one or more dc coils disposed around a magnetic pole piece located below the base of the furnace.

Abstract: A device for analyzing a beam profile of a laser beam includes a carrier plate, a plurality of first temperature-sensitive measuring elements, in particular diodes, which are arranged in a preferably matrix-like arrangement on a first side of the carrier plate at a plurality of measuring locations, and a plurality of second temperature-sensitive measuring elements, in particular diodes, which are arranged in another preferably matrix-like arrangement on a second side of the carrier plate. One of the first measuring elements is arranged in each case opposite one of the second measuring elements and is thermally coupled to the first measuring element using strip conductors which extend through the carrier plate. Such a device can be included in a laser processing machine and used in an associated method for analyzing a beam profile of a laser beam.

Abstract: Two vertically offset thermistors for sensing a fluid such as oil and refrigerant in a compressor shell are monitored by a method that takes into account rapidly changing conditions within the shell. The system can determine the fluid's sump temperature, high/low liquid levels, and can determine whether the thermistors are sensing the fluid as a liquid, gas, or a mixture of the two, such as a foam or mist of liquid and gas. For greater accuracy, thermistor readings can be dithered and filtered to provide temperature or voltage values having more significant digits than the readings originally processed through a limited-bit A/D converter. For faster response, limited microprocessor time is conserved by sampling thermistor readings at strategic periods that enable the microprocessor to identify certain conditions and temperatures via simple delta-temperature ratios and undemanding equations rather than resorting to exponential functions or lookup tables to determine time constants.

Abstract: Two vertically offset thermistors for sensing a fluid such as oil and refrigerant in a compressor shell are monitored by a method that takes into account rapidly changing conditions within the shell. The system can determine the fluid's sump temperature, high/low liquid levels, and can determine whether the thermistors are sensing the fluid as a liquid, gas, or a mixture of the two, such as a foam or mist of liquid and gas. For greater accuracy, thermistor readings can be dithered and filtered to provide temperature or voltage values having more significant digits than the readings originally processed through a limited-bit A/D converter. For faster response, limited microprocessor time is conserved by sampling thermistor readings at strategic periods that enable the microprocessor to identify certain conditions and temperatures via simple delta-temperature ratios and undemanding equations rather than resorting to exponential functions or lookup tables to determine time constants.

Abstract: A safety thermometer in which power is automatically turned on when a sensor rod for measuring a temperature is taken out. The sensor rod is easily taken in the housing when a force is applied to the sensor rod. A sensor rod slider opposes a tip of the sensor rod and has a sensor contact point for connecting a sensor signal of the sensor rod to a circuit. The housing has a space for receiving the sensor rod, a partition wall and a second space to receive circuit devices. A temperature measurement unit is turned on by receiving a power from a power source unit when it contacts the sensor contact point of the sensor rod slider, the temperature measurement unit being connected to the temperature sensor of the sensor rod through the sensor rod slider to process and output a value detected by the temperature sensor.

Abstract: A thermal fluid having a fluid that includes a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having the following general formulas: and combinations thereof is provided. The fluid is arranged and disposed to expand or contract in response to temperature. A temperature sensing element and a method for sensing a temperature are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for frequency hopping of a downlink dedicated pilot frequency, comprises: for the downlink dedicated pilot frequency, determining a frequency hopping offset corresponding to the downlink dedicated pilot frequency according to a cell identity of a cell to which it pertains (S202); determining a frequency domain position of the downlink dedicated pilot frequency in a physical resource block to which it belongs after a frequency hopping according to the frequency hopping offset and a relative frequency domain position of the downlink dedicated pilot frequency (S204); performing resource mapping for the downlink dedicated pilot frequency on the entire frequency domain according to the determined frequency domain position (S206). A base station is used to implement the frequency hopping of the downlink dedicated pilot frequency.

Abstract: Methods and systems for sending a broadcast message in frequency hopping and other systems. Instead of sending a complete message separately to each device, a relatively small packet or “chirp” is sent. These chirps are either targeted at known devices or sent in a manner to sweep the RF band. Devices that hear the chirps get information about the channel and/or time that the broadcast data will be sent. These devices then listen for the broadcast data as instructed, e.g., at the specified time on the specified channel. A system may alternatively, or in addition, use a scheduled hopping sequence break as a broadcast moment. Such a broadcast moment can be scheduled to periodically interrupt the node hopping sequences so that, at such times, many or all nodes are scheduled to be on the same channel for potential broadcasts.

Abstract: A frequency tracking method applied to a positioning system is provided. The method includes receiving a baseband signal, the baseband signal includes a line of sight (LOS) signal and a multipath signal; generating a cost function according to equal step frequencies, the baseband signal and a signal average energy; and generating an estimated LOS frequency according to the cost function.

Abstract: Adaptive reconfiguration of a wireless receiver is enabled based on channel geometry. According to an embodiment, the wireless receiver includes a geometry factor processing module and signal processing modules, e.g. such as but not limited to an SIR estimation module, a power estimation module, a despreading module, a low-pass filter, a combing weight generation module, a coefficient estimation module, a synchronization control channel interference canceller module, etc. The geometry factor processing module determines a geometry factor for the channel over which signals are transmitted to the wireless receiver, the geometry factor being a measure of the ratio of total transmitted power received by the wireless receiver to total interference plus noise power at the wireless receiver. One or more of the receiver signal processing modules are reconfigurable based on the geometry factor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention disclose a system and a method for reducing inter-carrier interference (ICI) in a network, wherein the network uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The method generates, in a transmitter, a diversified signal, wherein a diversified signal includes diversified elements representing data elements, such that each data element is represented by a number of diversified elements, wherein the number equals a degree of diversity. The diversified signal is modified based on an orthogonal matrix producing a spread signal, wherein columns of the orthogonal matrix are formed by vectors, wherein the vectors are orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal to each others, and the spread signal is transmitted in the network.

Abstract: A wireless system may receive a plurality of multipath signals from a plurality of transmitters and allocate per-cell modules for generating an interference suppressed signal from the multipath signals. Data symbols may be sequentially processed in the received multipath signals utilizing the per-cell modules and subtracting the processed symbols from a residual buffer storing the received multipath signals. Desired information received from one or more of the transmitters may be recovered utilizing the interference suppressed signal. Timing of the data symbols may be correlated utilizing a cell chip combiner. The data symbols may be descrambled utilizing conjugated scrambling codes associated with one of the plurality of transmitters. Orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes may be generated utilizing a Walsh transform on the data symbols. Power levels of the OVSF codes may be estimated and estimated signals may be generated based on the OVSF codes and the estimated power levels.

Abstract: Method for receiving, demodulating and processing a Global Positioning System (GPS), a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (OFDM) modulated signal into a GPS, a CDMA and an OFDM processed baseband signal and providing processed signals to an interface unit of a mobile device. Further processing said received CDMA signal into a second OFDM processed signal and connecting said second OFDM processed signal to a modulator and transmitter for modulation and transmission. Processing an OFDM processed signal into a second CDMA processed signal, connecting and transmitting the second CDMA processed signal. Storing a received camera generated CDMA signal and processing it into a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) processed signal. Processing a touch screen generated signal into a touch screen generated control signal for control of a mobile device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting/receiving broadcasting-communication data is provided.

Abstract: A wireless receiver receives a signal obtained by multiplexing a plurality of signals that include a synchronization signal that is spread using a non-orthogonal code not orthogonal to a code for spreading other signals other than the synchronization signal. Then, in a case when the signals other than the synchronization signal are the target signals for decoding, the wireless receiver performs despreading with respect to the received signal using the synchronization signal and estimates the signal amplitude of the non-orthogonal code. Subsequently, the wireless receiver eliminates the spread synchronization signal from the received signal using the estimated signal amplitude of the non-orthogonal code and using the synchronization signal. Eventually, the wireless receiver performs despreading and demodulation with respect to the signal having the spread synchronization signal eliminated therefrom and decodes the target signals for decoding.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a communication circuit includes a direct-current converter circuit configured to generate a second power supply potential different from a second reference potential by a predetermined potential, from a first power supply potential, a first receiving circuit configured to receive a binary communication signal, whose one level is at a first reference potential, through a first signal input terminal, by a differential transmission method, a first level shift circuit configured to convert the communication signal received by the first receiving circuit into a binary communication signal, whose one level is at the second reference potential, and the other level is at the second power supply potential, and a first transmission circuit configured to output the binary communication signal converted by the first level shift circuit, through a first signal output terminal, by a differential transmission method.

Abstract: A high data rate millimeter wave radio adapted to receive an binary input data at an input data rate in excess of 3.5 Gbps and to transmit at a transmit data rate in excess of 3.5 Gbps utilizing encoded three-bit data symbols on a millimeter carrier wave at a millimeter wave nominal carrier frequency, defining a carrier wavelength and period, in excess of 70 GHz with differential phase-shift keying utilizing eight separate phase shifts. Preferred embodiments of the invention can support many of the high data rate standards including the following group of protocols or standards: SONET OC-96 (4.976 Gbps); 4xGig-E (5.00 Gbps); 5xGig-E (6.25 Gbps); OBSAI RP3-01 (6.144 Gbps); 6xGig-E (7.50 Gbps); Fibre Channel 8GFC (8.5 Gbps); SONET OC-192 (9.952 Gbps); Fibre Channel 10GFC Serial (10.52 Gbps) and 10 GigaBit Ethernet.

Abstract: A frequency plan is provided for particular use in a transceiver. Advantageously, a single oscillator may be used to generate desired frequency signals. One or more power splitters receive the signal and equally divide the signal into first and second signals having a frequency substantially equal to the original. Multipliers on each arm of the transceiver receive a signal and increase the frequency of the signal. In one exemplary embodiment, multiple signals having different frequencies may be transmitted over the same cable due in part to the generated frequency separation between the signals. In another exemplary embodiment, multiple signals may be transmitted over multiple cables. Additionally, multiple signals over one or more cables may be transmitted at or below 3 GHz.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for calibration of quadrature imbalance in direct conversion transceivers are contemplated. A transceiver controller may perform a self-calibration to address quadrature imbalance. The controller may isolate the transmitter and receiver from any antennas, couple the radio frequency (RF) section of the transmitter to the RF section of the receiver via a loopback path, and inject a calibration signal into the transmitter. In the loopback path, the controller may phase-shift the signal that propagates through the transmitter using two different phase angles to produce two different signals that propagate into the receiver. By measuring the two different signals that exit the receiver, the controller may be able to calculate correction coefficients, or parameters, which may be used to adjust elements that address or correct the quadrature imbalance for both the transmitter and receiver.

Abstract: A cable modem includes a subscriber line interface circuit (SLIC) that is connected to a telephone. The cable modem can send a signal to the telephone through the SLIC, and detect signal reflection of the telephone in the SLIC. The cable modem measures frequencies of the signal reflection and the output of the telephone. The cable modem also compares the measured frequencies with corresponding thresholds and self-determines to be qualified or unqualified, based upon the comparisons.

Abstract: An alternative approach to coping with the ever increasing demand for faster communications hardware is to design modems that are capable of operating its speeds at a higher data rate than a speed required for a single port of the standard communication rate for that modem. Basically, by utilizing a resource manager, that directs the data in and out of the various portions of the modem in an orderly manner, keeping track of which of the ports is being operated at any given point in time, a standard single port modem can be reconfigured, for example, at an over clocked rate, to manipulate the data input and output of a modem.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a (hard-drive) read channel has a (DFIR equalization) filter, whose tap coefficients are adaptively updated. A reset controller monitors an (LLR) signal generated downstream of the filter to automatically determine when to reset the filter, e.g., by reloading an initial set of user-specified tap coefficients. For LLR values, the reset controller determines to reset the filter when the reset controller detects that too many recent LLR values have confidence values that are too low. When implemented in a hard-drive read channel, the reset controller can reset the filter one or more times during read operations within a sector of the hard drive.

Abstract: A radio receiver has a multipath equalizer that includes a filter and a coefficient estimator. The filter provides a reconstructed signal by applying a transfer function including a reflection coefficient and a delay coefficient to a multipath radio signal. The coefficient estimator adapts the reflection coefficient and the delay coefficient in response to a deviation in magnitude of the reconstructed signal from a normalized value. In one form, the filter evaluates the transfer function by truncating it to eight terms. In another form, the filter includes a delay line having delay elements for storing samples of the multipath radio signal received both before and after a current sample. In yet another form, the multipath equalizer further includes a normalizer that receives the multipath radio signal and provides a normalized multipath radio signal having a normalized magnitude to an input of the filter.

Abstract: A radio receiver has a multipath equalizer that includes a filter and a coefficient estimator. The filter provides a reconstructed signal by applying a transfer function including a reflection coefficient and a delay coefficient to a multipath radio signal. The coefficient estimator adapts the reflection coefficient and the delay coefficient in response to a deviation in magnitude of the reconstructed signal from a normalized value. In one form, the coefficient estimator adapts at least one of the reflection coefficient and the delay coefficient by estimating a partial derivative using a predetermined number of terms. In another form, the coefficient estimator acquires an initial value of the delay coefficient by determining a global minimum as a lowest one of a plurality of local minimums, each determined using a plurality of values of the delay coefficient, and selecting the initial value of the delay coefficient as its value at the global minimum.

Abstract: A controlling unit includes: a memory unit that stores information in which the multiple clock frequencies that satisfy conditions for predetermined reception interferences to apart of multiple carrier frequencies included in a band frequency of the broadcast wave are previously set so that not all clock frequencies satisfy the conditions for the reception interferences to the same carrier frequencies, the information indicating a relation between each clock frequency and the carrier frequency that includes the reception interference; a reception frequency setting unit that sets the carrier frequency to be received to the broadcast wave receiving unit; a clock frequency determining unit that refers to the information stored in the memory unit and determines a clock frequency that does not include a reception interference to the carrier frequency that is set by the reception frequency setting unit, the determined clock frequency being out of the multiple clock frequencies; and a clock frequency setting unit th

Abstract: A data transmission system including a device that delays a signal having a predetermined base frequency so as to generate a reference-phase signal having a reference phase, a delay signal more delayed than the reference signal by a unit of time, and an advance signal more advanced than the reference signal by the unit of time; a device that selects one of the reference-phase, delay, and advance signals so as to output a data signal in which a phase of one of the rising and falling edges of the data signal varies in accordance with values of transmitted data, and a phase of the other of the edges is constant; a device that generates a reference signal at the timing of one of the rising and falling edges of the data signal, said one having the constant phase; and a device that reproduces the data by measuring a phase difference between the generated reference signal and the data signal at the timing of the other of the rising and falling edges which has the varying phase.

Abstract: A thermal sensor at the output of a switching amplifier senses heat dissipation at the output switch. If an overheating condition is sensed, gain of the digital input signal is lowered to reduce output power of the audio output signal.

Abstract: In general, techniques are described for encoding parameters with unit sum. In one example, an apparatus comprising a control unit implements these parameter encoding techniques. The control unit determines parameters that sum to a constant or unit sum. The control unit includes a parameter coding unit that segments a space that contains the plurality of parameters into a set of portions. The parameter coding unit assigns a different one of a plurality of codewords to each of the portions, selects one of the set of portions that contains a point defined by the plurality of parameters, and codes the plurality of parameters using one of the plurality of codewords assigned to the selected one of the plurality of portions. Rather than code only a subset of these parameters, the parameter coding unit codes all of the parameters with the result of potentially reducing quantization error.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting system and a data processing method are disclosed. A receiving system of the digital broadcasting system includes a receiving unit, an SI handler, and a decoding unit. The receiving unit receives broadcast signals including mobile service data and main service data. Herein, the mobile service data may configure a data group, and the data group may include a signaling information region in some of a plurality of data regions. Also, the signaling information region may include TPC signaling data and FIC signaling data. The SI handler acquires channel configuration information of the mobile service data from the broadcast signal using pre-decided IP access information, and extracts encoding format information for each IP stream component within a corresponding virtual channel service RTP-packetized and received from the acquired channel configuration information.

Abstract: A moving picture encoding apparatus divides a moving picture signal into key frames and non-key frames, encodes the key frames, predicts the non-key frames from the encoded key frames, determines an encoding rate for each non-key frame, encodes each non-key frame, and outputs an error-correcting code at the encoding rate as encoded data of the non-key frame. To determine the encoding rate, parameters related to the likelihood of prediction errors are calculated by at least two different methods for each non-key frame, the parameters are compared, one of the parameters is selected, and the encoding rate is calculated from the selected parameter. The selective use of differently calculated parameters enables an efficient encoding rate to be calculated for each non-key frame and reduces the transmission of encoded data that the decoder does not need or cannot decode.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a first video clip and a second video clip. The first video clip and the second video clip are variable-bit-rate (VBR)-encoded to form a VBR-encoded aggregated video content item. The VBR-encoding of the first video clip is based on an encoding complexity of the second video clip.

Abstract: A video bitrate control method and apparatus that control a generated bitrate of a picture to be encoded, based on an initial value of an allocation bitrate that is previously given to each picture are provided, wherein a difference between an allocation bitrate and an actually generated bitrate of a picture that has been encoded is obtained as an error bitrate, one of a maximum value and a minimum value of the allocation bitrate is selected for a plurality of subsequent pictures, as an allowable correction range, based on the sign of the error bitrate, the maximum value and the minimum value of the allocation bitrate being calculated based on the initial value of the allocation bitrate and a previously given constant, a difference between the allowable correction range and the allocation bitrate is obtained for the plurality of pictures, as an allowable variation bitrate, the ratio of the sum of allowable variation bitrates and the error bitrate is obtained as an update rate, a variation bitrate for the allo

Abstract: A system and method for correcting artifacts present in video frames is disclosed. The system includes a decision module (110) and an artifact correction unit (120). The system receives artifact metrics (112) and artifact maps (122) corresponding to artifacts present in video frames and prioritizes the video frames to be corrected by considering the type and severity of the artifacts and the content of the video frames (113). Subsequent to prioritizing the video frames, the system corrects artifacts of selected frames by adjusting compressed domain parameters (126), such as quantization parameters and mode decisions. An encoder (130) compresses the video frames according to the adjusted compressed domain parameter to automatically provide a video stream with a lower incidence and severity of artifacts.

Abstract: A communication device and method for controlling a bit rate when encoding video data that includes a plurality of frames. The method includes partitioning a received current frame into groups of blocks; estimating an energy for a current group of blocks, where the energy of the current group of blocks depends from a same group of blocks in a previous frame; determining a target number of bits for the current group of blocks; calculating a quantization parameter for the current group of blocks of the current frame based on the estimated energy of the current group of blocks and the determined target number of bits for the current group of blocks; and encoding the current group of blocks based on the calculated quantization parameter.

Abstract: A transcoder that controls the amount of generated codes of an output stream toward a target bit rate without degradation of image quality. The transcoder decodes a first stream and encodes the decoded image again to thereby output a second stream. The transcoder calculates a distortion evaluation value from the image obtained by decoding the first stream and an image obtained by decoding the second stream. Assuming that a ratio between the distortion evaluation value and a total target distortion evaluation value is determined as a target distortion ratio, a target setting bit rate of a second stream in the period can be obtained by multiplying a total target bit rate of the second stream by the target distortion ratio. Alternatively, the target setting bit rate can be obtained by adjusting the target distortion ratio with an appropriate function and adding the target distortion ratio to the total target bit rate of the second stream.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a moving image encoding method includes generating a predicted image of an original image based on a reference image, performing transform and quantization on a prediction error between the original image and the predicted image to obtain a quantized transform coefficient, performing inverse quantization and inverse transform on the quantized transform coefficient to obtain a decoded prediction error, adding the predicted image and the decoded prediction error to generate a local decoded image, setting filter data containing time-space filter coefficients for reconstructing the original image based on the local decoded image and the reference image, performing a time-space filtering process on the local decoded image in accordance with the filter data to generate a reconstructed image, storing the reconstructed image as the reference image, and encoding the filter data and the quantized transform coefficient.

Abstract: A moving picture encoding apparatus divides a moving picture signal into key frames and non-key frames, encodes the key frames, predicts the non-key frames from the encoded key frames, determines a final encoding rate for each non-key frame, encodes each non-key frame, and outputs an error-correcting code at the final encoding rate as encoded data of the non-key frame. To determine the final encoding rate, the number of error-correcting bits needed to correct prediction errors is estimated by a first method and one or more second methods. The second methods are used to decide whether to use the number of bits estimated by the first method as the final encoding rate, or whether to supplement the estimated number of bits by adding an encoding rate correction. As a result, the encoding rate is not supplemented unnecessarily and the encoding efficiency is improved.

Abstract: A first super-resolution enlarger 103 works on moving pictures input with a standard resolution, implementing a process for a super-resolution enlargement including information on frequency components in the spatial direction and the temporal direction that has been potentially contained in the input moving pictures but unable to express to a sufficient degree by the standard resolution, and provides super-resolution enlarged signals, which are returned to the standard resolution at a first resolution converter 104, and the super-resolution enlarged signals as returned to the standard resolution are encoded at a second encoder 107. There is a first encoder 102 for encoding moving pictures input with the standard resolution, and a multiplexer 109 working to multiplex a sequence of encoded bits from the first encoder 102, a sequence of encoded bits from the second encoder 107, and the like.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for efficiently determining a prediction block for a current block of interest in a video signal encoding protocol. In a preferred embodiment, this is achieved by determining whether there is a correlation between the intra 4×4 predictions and the 16×16 predictions. If the correlation to the 16×16 prediction modes is lower than a predetermined threshold value, then the additional prediction blocks using 16×16 intra luma prediction are not calculated. If the correlation to the 16×16 prediction modes is higher than the predetermined threshold value, then the additional prediction blocks are calculated using 16×16 intra luma prediction. A cost function may then be used to determine the predicted bit cost of each prediction block, and the prediction block with the lowest cost may be selected as the prediction block for the current block of interest.

Abstract: The present invention enables searching for an appropriate motion vector even with respect to a moving image with a large amount of motion. Further, the present invention enables searching for an appropriate motion vector even with respect to a moving image including an object that does not uniformly move in a frame image. One aspect of embodiments of the present invention relates to a moving image encoding apparatus configured to divide an input image into a plurality of blocks, and to perform predictive encoding using motion compensation for each of the plurality of blocks, the moving image encoding apparatus.

Abstract: A generated code amount accumulation part adds up the amounts of generated codes of pictures in 1 GOP which are encoded up to the current stage. An upper limit code amount accumulation part adds up the upper limit amounts of codes of the pictures in the 1 GOP which are encoded up to the current stage. A transmission load of an image transmission system is taken into consideration in the setting of the upper limit amount of codes. An update ratio setting part outputs an update instruction to lower a target rate when the accumulated amount of generated codes exceeds the accumulated upper limit amount of codes. The update ratio setting part does not output the update instruction for lowering the target rate when the accumulated amount of generated codes does not exceed the accumulated upper limit amount of codes. A transcoder can predict whether or not there is a possibility that the load of transmitting image data will increase while each picture in 1 GOP is encoded.

Abstract: A system is configured to transcode a first MPEG stream to a second MPEG stream. The system includes a first MPEG decoder capable of decoding the first MPEG stream and a second MPEG encoder capable of producing the second MPEG stream. The second MPEG encoder is configured to maintain a decoded picture type of I, P, or B. The second MPEG encoder is also configured to maintain a decoded picture structure of frame or field, identify a metadata per each macroblock (MB) of an MB pair of the first MPEG stream, and determine whether to re-encode the MB into the second MPEG stream using one of the frame or the field mode based on the identified metadata. The second MPEG encoder is further configured to re-encode the MB pair into the second MPEG stream using one of the frame or the field mode based on the identified metadata.

Abstract: A predictive video coder performs gradient prediction based on previous blocks of image data. For a new block of image data, the prediction determines a horizontal gradient and a vertical gradient from a block diagonally above the new block (vertically above a previous horizontally adjacent block). Based on these gradients, the encoder predicts image information based on image information of either the horizontally adjacent block or a block vertically adjacent to the new block. The encoder determines a residual that is transmitted in an output bitstream. The decoder performs the identical gradient prediction and predicts image information without need for overhead information. The decoder computes the actual information based on the predicted information and the residual from the bitstream.

Abstract: An electronic system having a power efficient differential signal between a first and second electronic unit. A controller uses information, such as compliance with data transmission rate requirement and bit error rate (BER) versus a BER threshold to control power modes such that a minimal amount of power is required. Amplitude of transmission and single ended or differential transmission of data are examples of the power modes. The controller also factors in a failing phase in a differential signal in selecting a minimal power mode that satisfies the transmission rate requirement of the BER threshold.

Abstract: A multimode line driver circuit is provided. The multimode line driver circuit has a first driver circuit for receiving a first differential input signal and transmitting a first differential output signal, and a second driver circuit for receiving a second driver circuit for receiving a second differential input signal and transmitting a second differential output signal. The multimode line driver circuit also has a first switch coupling the first driver circuit to a first power supply and a second switch coupling the second driver circuit to a second power supply. The multimode line driver circuit also has a transformer coupled to the output interface for transforming the first differential output and the second differential output and a mode controller configured to close the first switch in the first mode and to close the second switch in the second mode.

Abstract: Various processing options and systems are provided for setting/controlling feedback indicators referred to as “Happy Bits” in a wireless communication network using multiple uplink carriers. In one aspect, a Happy Bit is determined independently for each one of a plurality of uplink carriers based on channel conditions and buffer lengths for the respective carrier. For example, if a UE is transmitting the maximum data allowed by its serving grant for that carrier, the UE has available power to increase the data rate on that carrier, and the TEBS delay is greater than a certain threshold, then the Happy Bit for that carrier may be set to Unhappy to inform the Node B that the UE is capable of transmitting at a higher data rate on that carrier.

Abstract: A receiver includes a channel estimation unit that calculates channel estimation values of symbols containing pilot signals from signals transmitted by a plurality of antennas to obtain channel estimation values of symbols in the same positions of the antennas, a de-precoding unit that de-precodes the channel estimation values of the antennas calculated by the channel estimation unit to calculate effective channel estimation values, and a time-direction interpolation unit that performs time-direction interpolation using the effective channel estimation values calculated by the de-precoding unit to calculate effective channel estimation values of symbols other than the symbols containing pilot signals.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method for allocating resources in a communications system. The method includes receiving a matrix of priorities assigned to a plurality of services at a plurality of user levels; and allocating resources to a bearer for a station of the communication system based at least in part upon the priority assigned to a service provided over the bearer at the user level associated with a subscriber.