Abstract: In a multivalue modulation type with one pilot symbol inserted for every 3 or more symbols, signal points of each one symbol immediately before and after a pilot symbol are modulated using a modulation type different from that for pilot symbols. In this way, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the accuracy in estimating the reference phase and amount of frequency offset by pilot symbols and improve the bit error rate characteristic in the signal to noise ratio in quasi-coherent detection with symbols whose symbol synchronization is not completely established.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for generating statistical signals having a characteristic similar to an input signal of a receiving apparatus to determine an optimized filter coefficient through an adaptive equalization algorithm are provided. The apparatus includes a channel estimator, a statistical signal generator, and an adaptive algorithm processor. The channel estimator estimates a channel of a reception signal. The statistical signal generator generates a plurality of signals having the same characteristic as that of a reception signal using a channel determined through a channel estimation process. The adaptive algorithm processor performs an adaptive equalization algorithm using the plurality of generated signals to determine an optimized filter coefficient.

Abstract: A video frame loss recovery scheme essentially belongs to a loss packet in a low overhead and low complicated recovery scheme and serves to protect P-frames of a group of pictures (GOP). Namely, if a P-frame of the same group of pictures loses during the transmission, a compensation frame could be applied to serve and recovered as a lost P-frame, thereby promoting to a preferable video presenting performance of a receiver.

Abstract: A method and system of encoding and decoding digital video content. The digital video content comprises a stream of pictures which can each be intra, predicted, or bi-predicted pictures. Each of the pictures comprises macroblocks that can be further divided into smaller blocks. The method entails encoding and decoding each of the smaller blocks in each picture in said stream of pictures in either frame mode or in field mode.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for variable accuracy inter-picture timing specification for digital video encoding is disclosed. Specifically, the present invention discloses a system that allows the relative timing of nearby video pictures to be encoded in a very efficient manner. In one embodiment, the display time difference between a current video picture and a nearby video picture is determined. The display time difference is then encoded into a digital representation of the video picture. In a preferred embodiment, the nearby video picture is the most recently transmitted stored picture. For coding efficiency, the display time difference may be encoded using a variable length coding system or arithmetic coding. In an alternate embodiment, the display time difference is encoded as a power of two to reduce the number of bits transmitted.

Abstract: A multi-scanner scans a signal according to several different patterns. A scanning pattern selector determines which scanning pattern produced the most efficient coding result, for example, for runlength coding, and outputs a coded signal, coded most efficiently, and a selection signal which identifies the scanning pattern found to be most efficient.

Abstract: A multi-scanner scans a signal according to several different patterns. A scanning pattern selector determines which scanning pattern produced the most efficient coding result, for example, for runlength coding, and outputs a coded signal, coded most efficiently, and a selection signal which identifies the scanning pattern found to be most efficient.

Abstract: A multi-scanner scans a signal according to several different patterns. A scanning pattern selector determines which scanning pattern produced the most efficient coding result, for example, for runlength coding, and outputs a coded signal, coded most efficiently, and a selection signal which identifies the scanning pattern found to be most efficient.

Abstract: A multi-scanner scans a signal according to several different patterns. A scanning pattern selector determines which scanning pattern produced the most efficient coding result, for example, for runlength coding, and outputs a coded signal, coded most efficiently, and a selection signal which identifies the scanning pattern found to be most efficient.

Abstract: A multi-scanner scans a signal according to several different patterns. A scanning pattern selector determines which scanning pattern produced the most efficient coding result, for example, for runlength coding, and outputs a coded signal, coded most efficiently, and a selection signal which identifies the scanning pattern found to be most efficient.

Abstract: A decoding apparatus includes at least one data input terminal receiving a program transport stream from an external set-top box. A decoder decodes the program transport stream and a data output terminal outputs the decoded content to an external device. The program transport stream is the same transport stream received by the external set-top box from a service provider.

Abstract: Disclosed are a multiprocessor-based video decoding apparatus and method. The multiprocessor-based video decoding apparatus includes: a stream parser dividing an input stream by row and parsing a skip counter and a quantization parameter of the input stream; and a plurality of processors acquiring the plurality of divided streams, the skip counter, and the quantization parameter generated by the stream parser, acquiring decoded information of an upper processor among neighboring processors by row, and parallel-decoding the plurality of divided streams by row. Decoding of an input stream can be parallel-processed by row.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a video communication system, device and method on the basis of feedback reference frame. The method includes: receiving, by a video encoding end, video frame information fed back by a video decoding end, determining a reference frame for encoding current video image according to the video frame information; encoding the current video image according to determined reference frame, and sending a video frame formed after the encoding; decoding, by the video decoding end, received video frame, and feeding back the video frame information to the video encoding end through a network and according to decoding result. By adopting embodiments of the invention, network data flow may be reduced. Meanwhile, phenomenon which may cause greater impact on the network, when it is necessary to send larger data amount since frame-loss or failed-decoding, may be avoided.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting system and method of processing data are disclosed. Herein, a method of processing data of a transmitting system includes generating a service informative null packet including service-related information of mobile service data, and multiplexing a plurality of main service data packets, a plurality of mobile service data packets, and a plurality of service informative null packets, and transmitting the multiplexed data packets to at least one transmitter located in a remote site. The digital broadcasting system and method of processing data may enhance receiving performance of a receiving system by performing additional encoding on mobile service data and by transmitting the processed data to the receiving system.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an image processing device includes an image decoder, an encoding difficulty calculator, an encoding difficulty modifier, a coding volume controller, an image encoder. The image decoder is configured to decode a compression coded input video signal and configured to calculate an image characteristic value of the decoded signal. The encoding difficulty calculator is configured to calculate a first encoding difficulty indicative of a compression-coding difficulty of the decoded signal based on the image characteristic value. The encoding difficulty modifier is configured to generate a second encoding difficulty based on the first encoding difficulty and an image characteristic information set from outside for re-compression-coding the input video signal with a predetermined coding volume. The coding volume controller is configured to set a coding volume to be assigned based on the second encoding difficulty.

Abstract: A method, a system, and an apparatus for evaluating video quality are disclosed to improve accuracy of the evaluation. The method includes: obtaining information about a transmitted video; resolving the information about the transmitted video to obtain video frame parameters, where the video frame parameters include a compression distortion parameter and/or a video quality distortion parameter with packet loss; and calculating a video frame quality parameter according to the video frame parameters. An apparatus and a system for evaluating video quality are provided. The embodiments of the present invention improve accuracy of video quality evaluation without reference.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing wireless coverage to a plurality of sectors includes means for generating a reference sequence, and means for applying a time domain orthogonal sequence to the reference sequence to generate a reference signal for broadcasting over one of the sectors. An apparatus for wireless communications within a sector includes means for receiving a broadcast within a sector, the received broadcast comprising a reference signal having a time domain orthogonal sequence applied to a reference sequence, and means for recovering the reference sequence from the received broadcast.

Abstract: A method for managing energy usage of a wireless device during a data transfer in a wireless communication network comprises determining a data rate associated with the data transfer, determining data processing requirements for processing data at the determined data rate, and dynamically adjusting, based on the determined requirements, one or more data processing parameters corresponding to the data transfer.

Abstract: A communication system comprising a first communication apparatus and a second communication apparatus. The first communication apparatus includes a communicating section that communicates with the second communication apparatus via a first data signal line; an alive signal receiving section that receives, via a first alive signal line, an alive signal indicating whether the second communication apparatus is in an alive state in which it is capable of communicating with the first communication apparatus; and a reset signal transmitting section that, when the second communication apparatus is not in the alive state, transmits a reset signal to the second communication apparatus.

Abstract: Some demonstrative embodiments include devices, systems and/or methods of communicating data over wireless communication symbols with check-code. For example, a wireless communication unit may transmit a sequence of wireless communication symbols representing transmitted data bits, wherein a symbol of the symbols includes at least one data block, which includes a set of data bits and a set of repetition bits, the set of data bits including a first number of the transmitted data bits, and the set of repetition bits including a second number of bits, which are identical to at least a subset of the set of data bits, wherein the symbol includes at least one plurality of check-code bits corresponding to the at least one data block, respectively, and wherein the first and second numbers are based on a number of the transmitted data bits, a symbol bit-size of the symbol, at least one value related to at least one of a data-block bit-size of the data block and a number of the plurality of check-code bits.

Abstract: A method for configurable spatial channel information feedback in wireless communication systems is disclosed including receiving, at the wireless communication device, transmission from a plurality of antennas, receiving an indication of a feedback mode for feeding back spatial channel information that is based on correlations among at least some of the plurality of antennas, decomposing a correlation matrix representative of the correlations among at least some of the plurality of antennas into at least two Kronecker components, and feeding back parameters representative of the Kronecker components according to the feedback mode indicated.

Abstract: A multi-mode base station includes a transmit standby mode and an active mode. Transmit standby mode of base station operation is a low power/low interference level of operation as compared to active mode. In transmit standby mode at least some of the synchronization signaling such as pilot tone signaling is reduced in power level and/or rate with respect to the active mode. In transmit standby mode, the base station has no active state registered wireless terminals being serviced but may have some sleep state registered wireless terminals being serviced. Mode transitions from active to transmit standby may be in response to: a detected period of inactivity, scheduling information, base station mode change signals, and/or detected wireless terminal state transition. Mode transitions from transmit standby to active may be in response to: scheduling information, access signals, wake-up signals, hand-off signals, wireless terminal state change signals, and/or base station mode change signals.

Abstract: A radio system includes: a memory which stores a system parameter and a pseudo parameter, the system parameter being used for generation of a feature value specific to a search target radio system, the pseudo parameter being similar to the system parameter; a feature value generator which generates one or a plurality of the feature values based on a signal in a received frequency band by using the system parameter; a non-feature value generator which generates one or a plurality of non-feature values based on the signal in the received frequency band by using the pseudo parameter; and a determination section which determines whether or not a signal of the search target radio system exists by using the one or the plurality of the feature values and the one or the plurality of non-feature values.

Abstract: A modulation mapping method and device for Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) bits are provided. The method includes: receiving binary symbols from a downlink physical channel; replacing symbol values of DTX bits in the binary symbols with symbol values of non-DTX bits, to obtained updated binary symbols; and performing modulation mapping on the updated binary symbols. Using the DTX bits to replicate the non-DTX bits, the DTX bits are supplied to a receiving end as redundant information of the non-DTX bits, such that the performance for demodulating the non-DTX bits by the receiving end is improved. In addition, when the binary symbols on one branch are all DTX bits, modulation mapping is performed on the binary symbols on the same branch and then a real value 0 is output. That is, when the input symbols on only one branch are all DTX bits, the transmission channel for this branch may be closed down alone, and thus the system transmission power is lowered.

Abstract: Method and RNC for selecting transmission technology when a UE enters the network, which checks whether the UE is MIMO and, if so and only one carrier is available, allocates its traffic to said carrier and uses a S-CPICH to provide all MIMO traffic with a diversity pilot and Virtual Antenna Mapping for balance. If more than one carrier is available, the number of UEs, their radio conditions and load of carriers are checked periodically. If the carrier is busy only with MIMO and its load is higher than the load of the remaining carriers, diversity CPICH of STTD is selected; otherwise and only if the UEs vulnerable to STTD with good radio conditions exceed a certain number, the S-CPICH is selected. The RNC can reconfigure the network from transmitting MIMO traffic with STTD to using MIMO with S-CPICH or vice versa dynamically by periodical check of the load and UEs criteria for configuration change.

Abstract: A data transmission apparatus and a data reception apparatus, are provided. The apparatuses may share data in a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) scheme via a network. The data transmission apparatus divides data into a plurality of segments, and determines a transmission order with respect to each of the divided segments. The data transmission apparatus and the data reception apparatus share data based on the transmission order of the divided segments.

Abstract: In some embodiments, digital to analog converters are provided which comprise a plurality of cells. Each cell comprises a mixer and coupling circuitry to selectively couple a local oscillator signal to said mixer.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a full fail-safe capability in signal transmission networks are disclosed. For example, a system for providing a full fail-safe capability in signal transmission networks includes at least a first electronic circuit to transmit and receive signals or data, at least one driver unit coupled to the at least a first electronic circuit, and at least one receiver unit coupled to the at least a first electronic circuit and the at least one driver unit. The at least one receiver unit includes at least one offset signal generating unit, a signal comparing unit, and a switching unit to couple an offset signal from the at least one offset signal generating unit to an input of the signal comparing unit.

Abstract: A method, a wireless terminal device, and a base station are disclosed. A receiving unit 408 may receive from a base station an antenna precoding instruction for an uplink transmission. A processor 304 may execute a modification of the antenna precoding instruction according to a transmit antenna adapter into a customized precoding. A transmitting unit 406 may perform the uplink transmission according to the customized precoding.

Abstract: A system is provided for processing a communication signal including a baseband amplitude component and a baseband phase component. The system includes an amplitude predictor configured for closed-loop pre-distortion of a baseband amplitude component, an amplitude lookup table configured for open-loop pre-distortion of the baseband amplitude component, and an amplitude interpolator configured to build up the amplitude lookup table during a closed-loop calibration period. The system also includes a phase predictor configured for closed-loop pre-distortion of a baseband phase component, a phase lookup table configured for open-loop pre-distortion of the baseband phase component, and a phase interpolator configured to build up the phase lookup table during a closed-loop calibration period.

Abstract: Non-coherent modulation is used to communicate coding information via pilot signals using a first subset of resources, and coherent modulation is used to generate data signals. This allows for a stronger global code while keeping individual signaling complexity low. First and second communications devices communicate information using a set of communications resources. By performing non-coherent demodulation on pilot signals received on a first subset of said set of communications resources coding information is recovered. First and second channel estimates are generated from the pilot signals received on the first subset of said communications resources. Coherent demodulation is performed on data signals received on a second subset of said set of communications resources using said first and second channel estimates and said coding information to recover information communicated by said first communications device and to recover separate information communicated by said second communications device.

Abstract: A receiver includes: a first amplifier for amplifying an input signal and outputting an output signal; a clock generator for generating a clock signal corresponding to a period of the output signal; a judger for outputting a first logical value or a second logical value in accordance with a phase lead or phase lag which has been occurred at a crossing point of the positive-phase signal and the negative-phase signal of the output signal upon rising or falling the clock signal; a detector for outputting a difference value between a time for which the judgment signal has the first logical value and a time for which the judgment signal has the second logical value; and an adjustor for adjusting reference voltages of a positive-phase signal and a negative-phase signal of the input signal in accordance with the difference value output from the detector.

Abstract: A DTV receiver includes a tuner tuning to a channel to receive a broadcast signal, and a demodulator demodulating the broadcast signal. The receiver further includes a first decoder which decodes main and enhanced data included in the demodulated signal by calculating soft decision values for the enhanced data and hard decision values for the main data. The receiver further includes a second decoder for decoding the main and enhanced data for first forward error correction, and a third decoder for decoding the FEC-decoded enhanced data for second forward error correction.

Abstract: A receiver for a mobile communication device comprises an primary detector for generating an initial sequence estimate comprising a plurality of initial symbol estimates from a received symbol sequence corrupted by intersymbol interference, and a secondary detector to receive said initial sequence estimate and to output a final sequence estimate comprising a plurality of final symbol estimates. The secondary detector comprises a sequence generator configured to generate one or more revised sequence estimates by replacing at least one initial symbol estimate in said initial sequence estimate with a corresponding nearest neighbor symbol in each of said revised symbol estimates; an error calculator to compute error metrics for said revised sequence estimates; and a selection circuit to compare error metrics for said initial and revised sequence estimates and to output one of said initial or revised sequence estimates as said final sequence estimate based on said error metrics.

Abstract: Systems and methods for optical communication that use a transmitter/receiver. The systems and methods include receiving a modulated, encoded input stream. Channel memory is reduced using coarse digital backpropagation and other channel impairments are removed using turbo equalization. Symbols are detected in the input stream that conform to a non-uniform, polar constellation having a Gaussian source distribution to produce a stream of encoded data. The stream of encoded data is decoded with one or more low density parity check (LDPC) decoders.

Abstract: A receiver includes an automatic gain control (AGC) loop and a filter group that is arranged downstream of the AGC loop. The filter group includes an active filter. The receiver further includes a power difference detector and a switch circuit. The power difference detector detects a power difference between intermediate and output nodes of the filter group to detect presence of an interference wave that is different from a desired wave and that has a frequency near that of the desired wave. The switch circuit switches an operation to suppress a convergence power of the AGC loop when the power difference detector detects the interference wave.

Abstract: A satellite receive unit for receiving a plurality of satellite signals from a plurality of satellites, the satellite receive unit including: a plurality of low noise blocks each for receiving one or more of the satellite signals and providing a received signal, at least one of the low noise blocks receiving a plurality of the satellite signals; and a satellite signal processing unit including a plurality of branches each arranged to receive a corresponding one of the received signals from the plurality of low noise blocks, each branch having a multiplier arranged to weight the received signal by multiplying by a corresponding coefficient; and an adder arranged to add the weighted signals of each branch to generate an output satellite signal.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are provided for processing a received signal for making a symbol estimate of a symbol included in a signal transmitted in a Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) system. In an example mode, the method comprises (1) providing at least a sub-set of precoding matrices which are candidates for use in transmission of an interfering signal in a MIMO system; (2) using the received signal and plural candidates of the subset to determine corresponding plural covariance matrices, each of the plural covariance matrices being formed using a corresponding candidate precoding matrix; (3) determining which of the candidates is a trace minimizing candidate which is associated with one of the plural covariance matrices that has a minimum trace value; (4) forming a weighting matrix using the trace minimizing candidate; and (5) using the weighting matrix to make the symbol estimation.

Abstract: A method is provided. The method comprises calibrating noise prediction parameters by adapting one or more biases, adapting one or more filter coefficients using the adapted one or more biases, and adapting one or more prediction error variances using the adapted one or more biases and the adapted one or more filter coefficients.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for processing a received signal in the presence of an interference of a first type within the bandwidth of a desired signal of the received signal. The method comprises filtering the received signal using at least a first filter having at least a first filter characteristic to produce a filtered signal wherein the interference of the first type is suppressed. Furthermore, the method comprises determining a desired data stream from the filtered signal, basing the determination at least on the first filter characteristic. A method is also disclosed for processing a signal where the method comprises receiving an indication of whether interference of a first type is present in a frequency interval within the bandwidth of the signal, filtering the signal using at least a first filter having at least a first filter characteristic to produce a filtered signal wherein the filtered signal is suppressed in the frequency interval; and transmitting the filtered signal.

Abstract: A packet trace is received. The packet trace is transformed into a sequence of pulse signals in a temporal domain. The sequence of pulse signals in the temporal domain is transformed into a sequence of pulse signals in a frequency domain. Peaks are detected within relevant frequency bands in the sequence of pulse signals in the frequency domain. A fundamental frequency is identified within the peaks. The fundamental frequency, which represents the TCP flow clock, is returned.

Abstract: A method is provided. In this method, a clock signal and an input signal are received, where the input signal is a Manchester encoded signal. A unit interval (UI) number is incremented for each UI received upon receipt of a valid UI. The UI number is compared to a plurality of threshold values after the each increment of the UI number, where each threshold value is associated with at least one of a plurality of sum values. For each threshold value, once exceeded by the UI number, its sum value is incremented for each cycle of the clock signal, and a plurality of window lengths are calculated, where each window is calculated based at least in part on at least one of the sum values at predetermined values of the UI number.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a nuclear fusion-generating device includes a cathodic magnet having a polyhedral structure formed from current-carrying leg sections and adapted to generate a multi-poled magnetic field such that the curvature of the magnetic field lines are everywhere convex within a magnet interior region. An ion generating system injects ions into a center of the magnet interior region at energies favoring a nuclear fusion cross-section of the ions. The current-carrying elements can be powered and configured to confine electrons into the center of the magnet interior region to function as a cathode that neutralizes ionic space charges and facilitates ion movement along paths that do not intersect solid structures. The current-carrying elements can be formed with a radial-to-azimuthal aspect ratio that favors increased transparency to the ions without sacrificing magnetic field strength.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a condition of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel disposed in a radioactive environment is provided. The method includes the steps of sensing a condition of the reactor pressure vessel with an instrument, transmitting a signal indicative of the condition of the reactor pressure vessel from the instrument to a powered wireless transmitting modem disposed in the radioactive environment, wirelessly transmitting a signal indicative of the condition of the reactor pressure vessel from the transmitting modem to a receiving modem in the line of sight of the transmitting modem, transmitting a signal indicative of the condition of the reactor pressure vessel from the receiving modem to a signal processing unit, and determining the condition of the reactor pressure vessel from the wirelessly transmitted signal.

Abstract: A counting and indication device for jumping a rope comprising in combination at least a detection unit for detection of a rope to be used when jumping the rope; a counting device that is connected to the detection unit for counting the moments that the rope passes as detected by the detection unit; and a display device for showing the count of the counting device.

Abstract: The power consumption of a shift register or a display device including the shift register is reduced. A clock signal is supplied to a shift register by a plurality of wirings, not by one wiring. Any one of the plurality of wirings supplies a clock signal in only part of the operation period of the shift register, not during the whole operation period of the shift register. Therefore, the capacity load caused with the supply of clock signals can be reduced, leading to reduction in power consumption of the shift register.

Abstract: A method for generation of a scan path for an x-ray source and/or an x-ray detector of an x-ray system is provided. CT-type imaging on the x-ray system is enabled by traversing the scan path upon simultaneous acquisition of a series of x-ray images. An original scan path of the x-ray source and/or of the x-ray detector is provided, where the scan path is defined by a series of original acquisition points. A viewing axis from the x-ray source to the object and/or the detector is identified for at least one acquisition point on the scan path. A modified scan path is generated by displacement of the at least one acquisition point at least partially along the viewing axis so that the scanning movement upon traversing the modified scan path can be reproduced as in the original scan path.

Abstract: A method for producing a 3D image dataset of an object with an imaging system having an x-ray source and an x-ray detector is provided. A series of two-dimensional arrays of cone beam data from the detector is acquired while the source moves along a substantially planar trajectory around the object. The trajectory is described by a series of source points serially numbered by a counter parameter. The cone beam data is differentiated with respect to the counter parameter at a fixed ray direction to produce a derivative of the cone beam data. The derivative is filtered with a Hilbert-like filter to produce filtered cone beam data. The acquired or the filtered cone beam data is multiplied with a redundancy weighting function. The cone beam data is back-projected to reconstruct a 3D image dataset.

Abstract: In a sample cell that is sealed with an X-ray transmission sheet after a sample such as a liquid fuel or the like is contained therein, when an internal pressure is increased, a cup end surface is deformed so as to increase an internal capacity of the sample cell before the X-ray transmission sheet serving as a window part is expanded. The cup end surface is formed by folding a film-like material and, when the internal pressure of the sample cell is increased, the cup end surface is unfolded outwardly of the sample cell to increase the internal capacity of the sample cell. The increase in pressure is relieved by the increase in capacity, and the expansion of the X-ray transmission sheet is thereby prevented.

Abstract: To provide a phase grating capable of acquiring, in photographing of an X-ray phase contrast image by use of X-ray with two wavelengths, an X-ray phase contrast image by a phase grating in the same size as when a single wavelength is used, provided is a phase grating used when an X-ray is directed to take an X-ray phase contrast image, the phase grating including a periodic structure for generating a phase difference between an X-ray transmitted through the structure and an X-ray not transmitted through the structure. The periodic structure has different periods in a plurality of directions in a same surface.