Abstract: Edible synthetic padding material is provided for mice and/for rat in laboratories. The edible synthetic padding material includes a major ingredient, a minor ingredient and adhesive. The major ingredient is made of edible natural fibers. The minor ingredient is made of nature elastic fibers. The adhesive is used to bond the major and minor ingredients.

Abstract: The closed-type aquarium of the present invention includes a light transmissive container in which a vapor phase of air and a liquid phase of water are sealed. The liquid phase includes a shrimp, an aquatic plant and a microorganism. Further, to enhance efficiency of material recycling, the liquid phase includes a snail that has a different ecological niche than that of the shrimp and a plant dead body that supplements a resource essential for photosynthesis of the aquatic plant.

Abstract: A collapsible barrel is provided for use in training for equine barrel racing. The collapsible barrel is configured and sized to approximate the dimensions of a conventional barrel used in the sport of equine barrel racing, but is constructed of sturdy, lightweight materials that enable the barrel to be transformed between a fully deployed state and a collapsed state. The collapsible barrel of the present invention is sufficiently lightweight and dimensioned, when in a collapsed state, to be easily transported, deployed for training and later stored. The flexibility of the collapsible barrel makes training ideal because it eliminates injury to the legs of the rider and the body of the horse.

Abstract: An animal attracting device is provided. The animal attracting device may include a body that has an exterior body surface that has at least one recessed portion for the receipt of attractant so that the attractant may be deposited on the exterior body surface and the at least one recessed portion. An attachment member may also be included for attachment to a support member.

Abstract: A protective bird apron includes a main body area with a length and a width and a pair of opposing lateral sections attached to the main body area at corresponding opposing edges thereof, each lateral section having a length less than the length of the main body area and a width dimensioned to extend beneath respective wings of the bird. At least one securing strap is coupled to an upper portion of the main body area and to an upper portion of at least one of the lateral sections, the main body area, the at least one of the lateral sections, and the at least one securing strap defining at least one shoulder securing area. A shoulder protector is coupled to the main body area of the back covering, disposed to protect shoulders of the bird while leaving the wings of the bird substantially unrestricted in wing-flapping movement, and has a width substantially the same or greater than an overall width of the back covering. Visible warning indicia are provided on the back covering and/or the shoulder protector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a various kinds of boilers including a steam boiler, a hot water boiler, a waste-heat boiler and an exhaust gas boiler. Projections are provided on a heat-transfer tube which connects an upper header and a lower header with each other such that a heat-transfer area pet unit length of the heat-transfer tube becomes smaller in an upstream region than that in a downstream region of combustion gas. It is preferable that installation pitches between adjacent upper and lower projections and/or projecting lengths of the projections from the heat-transfer tube are changed such that the heat-transfer area per unit length of the heat-transfer tube becomes smaller in the upstream region than those in the downstream region of the combustion gas.

Abstract: A radiator and an oil cooler are arranged at a front surface side of a cooling fan in parallel with each other in a flow direction of the cooling air, an intercooler and a condenser are arranged in parallel at a front surface side of the radiator and oil cooler, and a fuel cooler is arranged at a front surface side of the condenser. By arranging respective heat exchangers such that the heat release amount thereof sequentially increases from the upstream side toward the downstream side in the flow direction of the cooling air, each heat exchanger can efficiently release the heat of the fluid to be cooled. By arranging the fuel cooler at the front surface side of the condenser, two heat exchangers of the condenser and the fuel cooler can be accommodated within a range of the thickness dimension of the intercooler.

Abstract: A pump apparatus installed in a cooling system of an internal combustion engine includes: a first housing member having a generally circular recess portion; a pump rotor placed within the recess portion; and a second housing member that is fixed to the first housing member so as to define a pump operation chamber that corresponds to the recess portion. The first housing member includes a housing body portion in which the recess portion is formed, and a discharge-side cylindrical portion formed integrally with the housing body portion so as to define a discharge passageway of the cooling water. The second housing member includes a cover portion that covers an opening end side of the recess portion, and a suction-side cylindrical portion that is formed integrally with the cover portion so as to define a suction passageway of the cooling water.

Abstract: A friction clutch (5) having a drive side and an output side which can be used to drive a fan impeller (2), and a selectively engageable friction disk clutch (13), which in the engaged state connects the output side to the drive side, and a first eddy current clutch (15) for providing a slip speed on the output side, the first eddy current clutch (15) having an eddy current zone formed on a cooling ring (11), wherein an eddy current zone for a second eddy current clutch (18) is provided on the same cooling ring (11) on which an eddy current zone for the first eddy current clutch (15) is formed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved internal combustion engine that uses film cooling. Improved fuel efficiency and other parameters are achieved through the design and use of the present invention.

Abstract: Breather mechanism includes a breather passage opening into a crankcase, a breather chamber communicating with the crankcase via the breather passage, and a valve provided in the breather chamber and openable to allow blow-by gas to flow from the crankcase into the breather chamber once inner pressure of the crankcase exceeds a predetermined value. When the engine is placed in a laterally laid-down position, entry, into the breather chamber, of lubricating oil is prevented by the breather passage. When the engine is placed in a vertically upright position, an outlet end portion of the breather passage is located above an inlet end portion of the breather passage.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to simplify a valve train system that can change valve operation characteristics of an intake valve(s) and/or an exhaust valve(s) mounted on an internal combustion engine while improving the response in changing valve operation characteristics.

Abstract: In a valve drive train device, in particular for a valve drive of an internal combustion engine, with a switching unit comprising an actuator with a solenoid unit and with a control unit for monitoring switching operations of the switching unit provided for switching an axially displaceable cam element by means of a switch gate, the control unit for monitoring the switching unit is taking into account at least one characteristic value of a voltage integral over a voltage which is induced in a coil of the switching unit during the switching operation and is adjusting the value with respect to a characteristic limit value stored in the control unit.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine control device, when the engine stops, a variable valve actuation device is controlled to change an operating mode of each of intake valves to a specific state where an all-cylinder valve closed period, during which the intake valves of all engine cylinders are all kept in their non-lifted states, occurs, and a crank position change mechanism is controlled to change a crankshaft-rotation stopped position to a crankangle included within the all-cylinder valve closed period. When restarting the engine, the variable valve actuation device is controlled to bring the operating mode of each of the intake valves closer to an engine-start desired lift characteristic suited to an engine condition, prior to cranking action.

Abstract: A valve timing adjuster for an internal combustion engine adjusts valve timing. The valve timing adjuster includes a housing, a vane rotor, a regulation device, a fluid route, and an opening/closing control device. The regulation device regulates a rotational phase of the vane rotor relative to the housing to a regulation position located between a full advance position and a full retard position. The fluid route is communicated with a specific chamber that is at least one of an advance chamber and a retard chamber. The fluid route extends via a radially inner part to be communicated with atmosphere. The radially inner part is located radially between the specific chamber and a rotation center. The opening/closing control device opens and closes the fluid route.

Abstract: A combustion state detection device for an internal combustion engine includes: an ignition control unit that controls activation of a primary winding for ignition; a comparison value setting unit that sets a comparison value with respect to an ion signal; and a combustion state discrimination unit that determines the occurrence of misfire depending on the magnitude of the ion signal with respect to the comparison value; wherein the ignition control unit, after generating a spark, reactivates the primary winding at least one time during one combustion stroke so that an induction voltage similar to that generated in the secondary winding at around a time when the primary winding begins to be activated for the purpose of starting combustion is generated in the secondary winding.

Abstract: In a method for starting an internal combustion engine (60) having multiple combustion chambers (62, 64, 66, 68), wherein said internal combustion engine (60) has a starting system (50) and is operated using a start-stop function, and wherein said starting system (50) is actuated after a stop phase in operation of said internal combustion engine (60) to restart said internal combustion engine (60), a combustion chamber (62, 64, 66, 68) to be ignited first of the multiple combustion chambers (62, 64, 66, 68) is determined upon a restart of the internal combustion engine (60), and after a first ignition of the combustion chamber (62, 64, 66, 68) to be ignited first, speed data for the internal combustion engine (60) are detected, and a starter release of the starting system (50) is caused if the detected speed data meet a predetermined starter release criterion.

Abstract: A hand operated primer pump for small marine or other engines generally spark ignition engines used on stern drive boats that prevents transfer of hydrocarbons into the atmosphere. The primer generally mimics and replaces prior art rubber primer bulbs in general shape and possibly color, although it can be made in any shape or color. It generally contains a pump that delivers a precise measured amount of fuel with each stroke of the actuator. The primer can have an ergonomically designed actuator that creates the farthest distance from a fulcrum point for maximum leverage and hence, maximum ease of use. The primer is generally designed with a continuous molded fuel path to seal any source of hydrocarbon leakage as well as being made from materials that prevent transfer of hydrocarbons to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A mounting system for powertrain components requiring axial installation and radial removal thereof is provided. A mounting flange is integrally cast with a powertrain component and extends outwardly therefrom. An opening extends through the mounting flange defining a mounting flange axis and axially receives a portion of a powertrain component for support therein, and by the mounting flange. A separation line extends diametrically across the mounting flange to define a separated portion and a remaining portion of the mounting flange. Fasteners are configured to removeably attach the separated portion to the remaining portion to thereby facilitate removal of the powertrain component from the powertrain assembly in a radial direction.

Abstract: An integrally cast four-stroke engine mono-block includes integrally cast cylinder block, cylinder head, and portion of a crankcase including crankcase outboard and inboard walls. At least parts of outer and inner bearing bosses are integrally cast with the cylinder block with the inner bearing boss integrally cast in the inboard wall. At least one cored out longitudinally extending open valve train chamber is disposed between the outboard wall and the cast cylinder block. An alternative embodiment of the integrally cast four-stroke engine mono-block includes at least parts of an outer bearing boss and/or an inner bearing boss integrally cast in the outboard and inboard walls respectively with the cast cylinder block. At least one cored out longitudinally extending open valve train chamber is disposed between the outboard wall and the cast cylinder block. Push tube passages or a belt drive passage may be in the valve train chamber.

Abstract: A portable working machine includes a gaseous-fueled engine, a working unit driven by the engine, a control unit for controlling the engine and the working unit, and an acceleration sensor capable of detecting accelerations in two mutually perpendicular horizontal directions relative to a vertical line, which is induced in the portable working machine. The control unit is configured to determine a tip angle of the portable working machine based on the horizontal accelerations detected by the acceleration sensor and issue a stop instruction to the engine when it determines that the tip angle exceeds a preset reference angle.

Abstract: The method of separating contaminants from a stream of incoming contaminated air to an engine is disclosed wherein the incoming contaminated air stream is separated into a relatively clean air stream and a relatively dirty air stream with the relatively clean air stream being directed to the inlet of the engine and with the relatively dirty air stream being directed to one or more purge exits and out of the system, thereby causing the purged air stream to carry at least some of the original contaminants from the incoming air stream.

Abstract: Fuel is injected into and through the exhaust port and into the cylinder of the piston engine during the time when the flow is reversed from the normally expected flow. The engine is able to operate with some or all of its fuel injected backwards of conventional expectations. In another embodiment the fuel is injected with solid stream injector sprays directed against exhaust valves and ports and deflected into the piston cylinder against the flow of normally aspirated or supercharged engines. This invention can apply to gasoline or diesel cycles and four and two stroke type cycles of engine.

Abstract: A compression ignition engine is supplied with a first fuel in a flow of air and a second fuel is injected into the combustion chamber. The first fuel comprises a more volatile fuel than diesel such as ethanol, LPG or other combustible gas; the second fuel comprises diesel or biodiesel; and the second fuel is injected in multiple pulses in each ignition cycle with the first pulse acting as a pilot pulse to trigger ignition, and the timing of the second pulse being such as to modify the temperature through evaporation of the second fuel and thereby reduce the combustion temperature and mitigate knock susceptibility. Preferably the pilot pulse is followed by a single further pulse of the second fuel in the ignition cycle.

Abstract: The method comprises receiving from the vehicle controller, values associated with the engine speed and of another parameter indicative of the engine operating conditions, such as the total fuelling amount, and controlling the fuel injection parameters according to the engine state, which, for example, can include a normal operation mode, a filter regeneration mode, an engine protection mode, high or low transient load modes, and operating at different altitudes, through algorithms implemented in an electronic controller.

Abstract: A method of operating a combustion ignition engine comprises introducing an amount of a compressibly non-ignitable fuel into the air induction system of a compression ignition engine during the intake stroke of the engine and then injecting an amount of compressibly ignitable fuel (e.g., Diesel fuel) in the cylinder chamber at a crank angle sufficiently advanced during the compression stroke of the compression ignition engine such that the compressibly ignitable fuel and incompressible non-ignitable fuel ignite and combust such that substantially all of the fuel in the cylinder is combusted, where the amount of compressibly non-ignitable fuel introduced into the cylinder has an energy content that is at least about 50% to at most about 99% of the total energy content of the total amount of fuel introduced.

Abstract: To improve an ignitability to a fuel having a low compressed ignitability in a combustion chamber in a compressed self-ignition diffusive combustion mode operation.

Abstract: A method for optimizing an engine idle speed in a vehicle having an engine, a motor generator unit (MGU), and an energy storage system (ESS) includes determining vehicle operating values, including at least one of: an electrical load of an accessory, a torque capacity of the MGU, a temperature of the MGU, an efficiency of the MGU, and a state of charge (SOC) of the ESS. The method also includes calculating a set of engine speed values using the set of vehicle operating values, and using a controller to command the engine idle speed as a function of the set of engine speed values. A vehicle includes an engine, an ESS, an MGU, and a controller having an algorithm adapted for optimizing an idle speed of the engine as set forth above.

Abstract: A control system for a hybrid vehicle that includes an internal combustion engine and an electric motor includes an engine speed control module, an air pressure control module, and an engine torque control module. The engine speed control module increases engine speed during a first calibration period based on a driver torque request and a predetermined torque threshold. The air pressure control module decreases intake manifold pressure (MAP) of the engine during a second calibration period based on the driver torque request and the predetermined torque threshold. The engine torque control module starts the engine during a period after the first and second calibration periods by activating N of M cylinders of the engine, wherein N is based on the driver torque request and the predetermined torque threshold.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injection valve for internal combustion engines for injecting fuel under high pressure utilizing a nozzle needle interacting with a valve seat by longitudinal movements thereof, thus opening and closing at least one injection opening. The nozzle needle is subjected to a locking force directed toward the direction of the valve seat pressure in a control space. A control valve is configured in a valve body, by which the pressure in the control space can be adjusted. The control valve has a control valve space connected to the control space, in which a control valve member is disposed in a longitudinally movable manner, and opens and closes a connection of the control valve space to a leakage oil space by longitudinal movement.

Abstract: A cylinder deactivation system comprises a fuel injection module and a cold start control module. The fuel injection module injects a desired amount of fuel into a cylinder of an engine during engine cranking. The cold start control module maintains an intake valve and an exhaust valve associated with the cylinder in respective closed positions while the desired amount of fuel is injected when at least one of an air temperature and a coolant temperature is less than a predetermined cold start temperature.

Abstract: A venting valve comprises a cover including a flow path in fluid communication with an evaporative emissions system and a liquid discriminating and vapor permeable membrane connected to the cover. At least a portion of the outer surface of the membrane comprises a plurality of alternating curved crests and valleys. In other embodiments, the membrane comprises a first and second layer defining a gap therebetween, wherein at least a portion of the membrane is spirally wound. In other embodiments, the venting valve includes at least one protrusion configured to support and shape the membrane, wherein at least a portion of the membrane is curved.

Abstract: An intake manifold arrangement of an internal combustion engine has an intake manifold and a cooling fluid charge air cooler arranged in the intake manifold. The cooling fluid charge air cooler has cooling fluid tanks at first and second opposite ends. At least one of the cooling fluid tanks at the first end forms at least a part of the intake manifold and is an integral component of the cooling fluid charge air cooler.

Abstract: A gas intake device for letting gases into an inlet volume of a cylinder head of a motor vehicle combustion engine includes a valve (10) for supplying the cylinder head with gas, this valve communicating with the inlet volume of the cylinder head directly and indirectly via a heat exchanger (14). The valve (10) and the heat exchanger (14) are mounted on a plate (21) intended to be mounted directly on the cylinder head. The device is compact and relatively insensitive to vibration.

Abstract: A fuel vaporizer for an internal combustion engine having a closed pressure chamber defining a volume, to be heated, and a liquid fuel supply system disposed to emit a liquid fuel spray. The closed pressure chamber may be constructed and arranged relative to the heat-transfer surface to establish between the at least one outlet and the heat-transfer surface a mixing domain in which the fuel spray, as it progresses through the volume from the outlet, is substantially heated and vaporized by mixing with re-circulated, heated fuel vapor that previously has moved over and received heat from the heat transfer surface. The fuel vaporizer may be associated with a vapor outflow passage through which pressurized vapor exits the closed pressure chamber for supply to said at least one combustion region. The heat-transfer surface may be arranged to be heated by engine coolant circulating around the exterior of the closed pressure chamber.

Abstract: An inline fuel preheater and atomization device for an internal combustion engine having a main body including a plurality of sequentially arranged chambers including a first chamber and a final chamber, the chambers separated from each other by inter-chamber barriers having progressively smaller barrier port which enables flow across the device while atomizing the fuel and increasing pressure across the fuel rail. The device is heated by a coil containing a heat transfer fluid drawing heat from a vehicle's mechanical systems around or through which the fluid circulates and subsequently transfers the heat it absorbs to the device and to the fuel flowing through the device.

Abstract: A pressure equalization system reduces or eliminates a pressure differential across supercharger rotor shaft seals. Under high boost, rotor shaft seals often fail, allowing hot compressed air into an oil lubricated space containing rotor bearings and gears (and vented to ambient pressure), reducing oil lubricating effectiveness and resulting in increased wear and failure. Under low or non boost operation, the pressure differential is reversed causing the lubricating oil to leak into the supercharger interior and accelerated rotor seal wear. The pressure equalization system includes flow restrictive seals on both rotor shafts, separated from the rotor shaft seals by vented spaces, thereby isolating the rotor shaft seals from boost or vacuum in the supercharger interior and reducing or eliminating the pressure differential across the rotor shaft seals. Maintaining close to atmospheric pressure on both sides of the rotor shaft seals during boost and vacuum operation reduces wear and failures.

Abstract: An arrangement for a supercharged combustion engine including a first compressor (6a) subjecting air to a first compression step, a second compressor (6b) subjecting the air to a second compression step, a first cooling system with a circulating coolant, a second cooling system with a circulating coolant which is at a lower temperature than the coolant in the first cooling system, a first charge air cooler (9a) applied to an air inlet line to the engine for cooling compressed air, the first cooler is located between the first compressor (6a) and the second compressor (6b) and is cooled by coolant from the second cooling system, a second charge air cooler (9b) applied to the air inlet line at a location downstream of the second compressor (6b) and is cooled by coolant from the first cooling system, and a third charge air cooler (9c) applied at a location downstream of the second charge air cooler (9b) and cooled by coolant from the second cooling system.

Abstract: As one example, a vehicle propulsion system is provided. The system includes: an engine with an intake air compressor and an exhaust gas turbine. Further, a control is provided to operate the compressor at a different speed than the turbine, at least under an operating condition, and to adjust an amount of opening overlap between engine valves in response to a rotational speed of the compressor.

Abstract: An EGR valve device includes a housing having an exhaust gas passage formed inside, a support shaft slidably supported within the housing through a bearing, a valve disposed on the support shaft to open and close the exhaust gas passage, an urging member for urging the support shaft in a direction to close the valve, a valve seat, insert-cast integral with the housing, for closing the exhaust gas passage by abutting against the valve, and an actuator for driving the support shaft in a direction to open the valve, wherein a plurality of recesses or projections are provided axisymmetrically or uniformly in the peripheral portion of the valve seat to be insert-cast.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation cooling system for an internal combustion engine that has an exhaust system is provided. The exhaust gas recirculation cooling system comprises a cooling fluid circuit, an exhaust gas recirculation cooler, a turbine, a condenser, and a compressor. The cooling fluid circuit has a quantity of fluid that circulates through the exhaust gas recirculation cooling system and receives heat from the exhaust gas recirculation cooling system. The exhaust gas recirculation cooler is disposed in fluid communication with the exhaust system to receive engine exhaust gas from the engine and to remove heat from the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas recirculation cooler additionally disposed in fluid communication with the cooling fluid circuit. The cooling fluid within the cooling fluid circuit receives heat within the exhaust gas recirculation cooler. The turbine is disposed in fluid communication with the cooling fluid circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for a vehicle with an engine is provided that accomplishes exhaust heat recovery and exhaust gas recirculation with a common heat exchanger used for both purposes. The apparatus includes an exhaust system through which exhaust gas is discharged from the engine. A heat exchanger is positioned within the exhaust system. Coolant flow passages are provided in thermal communication with the engine and with the heat exchanger. A bypass valve is operable in a first position to direct the exhaust gas through the heat exchanger to transfer heat to the coolant flow passages in a coolant heating mode, and operable in a second position in which the exhaust gas bypasses the heat exchanger in a bypass mode during which no significant coolant heating occurs via the heat exchanger. A portion of the exhaust gas is recirculated to the engine after cooling via the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A mixing apparatus adapted for mixing the flow of intake air and exhaust gas in a mixing chamber of a combustion engine including a housing having a bore formed therethrough extending between a first open end and a second open end. The housing includes a plurality of apertures formed in a side wall thereof adjacent the first open end. A retention member is formed in the side wall adjacent the second open end and is adapted to secure the mixing apparatus within the mixing chamber. The mixing apparatus includes a flow deflector disposed in the bore of the housing. The flow deflector includes a plurality of curved deflector surfaces formed therein which correspond in number to and are aligned with the plurality of apertures. An end cap is secured to the housing at the first open end thereof for closing the bore at the first open end.

Abstract: A method of controlling exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in a turbocharged engine system including multiple EGR paths to account for at least one of system constraints, or dead time and/or lag time associated with at least one of the EGR paths.

Abstract: The proposed invention is a new bolt and gas release valve mechanism for a projectile launching device, such as a paintball marker, that uses significantly less gas per shot than prior art devices. The open gas chamber between the projectile, such as a paintball, and the gas release mechanism is eliminated thereby requiring much less gas to be used for each launch of a given projectile. Thus, only the launching gas to propel the projectile is needed and not the additional gas required to fill the chamber in the bolt directly behind the projectile. This enables desirably smaller gas supply tanks to be used during use to launch the same number of projectiles. Also, with the present invention, more projectiles can be launched using the same gas supply tank.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS] Since a conventional self-loading bolt assembly for airguns is complicated in construction, the cost of its production comes expensive. [MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS] A simple piston-cylinder mechanism was found to decrease a component count of the self-loading bolt assembly. Since the present invention remarkably decreases the component count, the cost of the production of the assembly is drastically decreased with striking success.

Abstract: A bowstring drawing assembly for a bow has a mounting frame, an operating device and a connecting belt. The mounting frame has a bottom bar, two supporting shafts and two pulleys. The supporting shafts are connected to the bottom bar. The pulleys are connected to the supporting shafts to hold the bow. The operating device is mounted on the mounting frame and has a holding seat, a rotating rod, a worm wheel, a worm shaft and a crank shaft. The holding seat is mounted on the bottom bar. The rotating rod is rotatably connected to the holding seat. The worm wheel is mounted around the rotating rod. The worm shaft is rotatably connected to the holding seat and engages the worm wheel. The crank shaft is connected securely to the worm shaft. The connecting belt is connected to the rotating rod of the operating device to mount around the bow.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for resuming operation of a wire saw comprising the steps of: slicing the workpiece while measuring and recording a displacement amount in an axial direction of each of the grooved rollers and a temperature of the workpiece during the slicing of the workpiece; suspending the slicing of the workpiece; adjusting the displacement amount in an axial direction of each of the grooved rollers and the temperature of the workpiece by supplying temperature-adjusting mediums separately temperature-controlled to the grooved rollers and the workpiece so as to be equal to the displacement amount and temperature recorded upon suspending the slicing of the workpiece respectively, after the suspending, before resuming the slicing of the workpiece; and thereafter resuming the slicing.

Abstract: Heating element accessories such as a drip pan bowl or a metal ring surround a heating element and contain a heat warning symbol from thermochromic ink or epoxy sprayed or otherwise applied directly to the hot surfaces thereof. For cooking appliances, such as electric and gas stoves, griddles, grills or their accessories. The heat warning symbol is distanced from the heating element or its hottest portions so that the composition can withstand the high temperature on the surface. In a preferred embodiment the device is invisible when below the triggering temperature and visible thereafter. Besides improved cooking appliances, persons can in certain embodiments update their existing appliances by installing accessories with the heat warning symbol and avoid replacing entire heating elements.

Abstract: A heating cooker includes a top plate, a front frame for covering a front edge of the top plate, and opposite side frames for covering respective side edges of the top plate. A front end (edge) of each of the side frames is inserted into and covered by a side portion of the front frame. The side frame has a ridge formed on an outer surface thereof at a location a predetermined distance spaced apart from a front edge thereof such that the ridge is positioned along a rear end (edge) of the front frame.