Abstract: A versatile decorative object having a multidimensional visual effect with a first layer separated from a second layer. The first layer is opaque and has applied on it a decorative image having at least black and white and the second layer (s) is transparent and has applied on it the same decorative image with the white of the image being transparent on the second layer. A preferred embodiment includes the first layer and the second layer(s) to be digitally created to accomplish the removal of white space from the decorative image. During this digital creation, proportions, size, juxtaposition of layers and content of the image is critical in achieving the stated visual effect.

Abstract: The present invention provides an accessory (10) for a display screen. The accessory (10) includes a first member (12) having a window (18) or a cut out portion, the window or the cut out portion being adapted to provide visual access to at least a portion of the display screen; a second member (14); said first and second members (12, 14) being adapted to be disposed in an overlapping relationship to each other; and attachment means (35) for selectively attaching the first member (12) to the second member (14) whereby a position of the window (18) or the cut out can be adjusted with respect to said display screen.

Abstract: A linear bolt mechanism for a gun is provided, wherein a bolt moves between a firing position and an open position through linear motion, without requiring rotation of the bolt. The bolt includes a seating socket which engages a locking pin to permit travel of the bolt upon disposing the locking pin in a traveling position. The seating socket also engages the locking pin when the locking pin engages the locking socket, thereby precluding movement of the bolt with the locking pin in the locking position.

Abstract: Device for the storage of a gun with a base, a safety unit for the secure storage of the gun on the base and a controller, wherein the safety unit can be inserted at least partially into the barrel and/or a cartridge chamber of the gun and comprises a first safety section, which can be brought into a safety state, in which the safety unit is secured in the gun, and into a release state, in which the safety unit can be separated from the gun, and the controller brings the first safety section into its release state when a user authorization is received.

Abstract: A rigid composite structure includes a tubular body made from a metallic material and having a first bore formed therein along a longitudinal axis, and one or more segments formed from a super hard material disposed within the first bore. Each segment has a hole formed in the center thereof, and the segments may be positioned end-to-end and adjacent to one another to align the center holes about the longitudinal axis and form a second bore. The segments can be held under compression within the first bore of the tubular body. The segments may be made of super hard materials such as natural diamond, synthetic diamond, polycrystalline diamond, single crystalline 10 diamond, cubic boron nitrate or other superhard composite materials which exhibit low thermal expansion rates and are generally chemically inert. The resultant rigid composite structure may possess higher tolerances to high pressures and high temperatures within the second bore.

Abstract: Accessory mounting structure for securing accessory mounting rails to the barrel or other forward structure of a weapon comprises cooperatively shaped mounting ring halves that are secured to another over the barrel of the weapon. Accessory mounting rails are then secured to the mounting rings. Where the weapon is a grenade launcher, a quick-reload mechanism may additionally be provided.

Abstract: A mount for mounting an accessory (19) on a weapon comprises a base plate (12) with an upper surface and a lower surface, to be connected with the accessory. The base plate (12) is clamped to a rail (10) on the weapon with the lower surface engaging the rail. Two aligned first grooves (23) in the upper surface extend in the longitudinal direction of the rail and a third groove (24) in the upper surface of the base plate, extends transversely of the first grooves. First protrusions (25) on the lower surface of the accessory guidingly engage the first grooves, and a third protrusion (26) on the lower surface of the accessory located between the first protrusions engages the third groove (24) to prevent displacement of the accessory along the first grooves.

Abstract: A trawl net layer-by-layer collecting device includes a rectangular cylindrical frame configured to draw a plurality of trawl nets that are arranged in an up and down direction. The frame includes an upper edge to which a net mouth edge of an upper net of the uppermost trawl net is anchored, and a lower edge to which a net mouth of a lower net of the lowermost trawl net is anchored. A pair of vertical bars are disposed on opposed sides of the frame. A slider having opposed ends slidably engaged with the vertical bars, the slider anchoring thereto the net mouth edge of the lower net of the upper trawl net and the net mouth edge of the upper net of the lower trawl net. A net-mouth opening and closing unit is configured to lock the sliders on upper ends of the vertical bars, and unlock the locked sliders one by one; and a controller.

Abstract: The automatically setting fishing hook assembly includes two hooks pivotally secured to a common shaft with their bends oriented opposite one another. The shanks of the hooks are offset from the shaft by short arms that pivot on the shaft. A coil spring is installed on the shaft between the hooks, with the opposite ends of the spring engaging the shanks of the hooks to urge the bends of the hooks outwardly from one another. A latch is affixed to the shank of one hook, and engages the shank of the other hook to hold the two hooks together. The latch is disengaged from the second hook when a fish strikes the assembly, with the bends of the two hooks springing apart to automatically set the two hooks in the mouth of the fish to reduce the chance of the fish slipping the hooks and escaping.

Abstract: A surface floating fishing lure including a forwards facing concave surface located at the water line, designed to scoop, redirect, and “spit” water into the air to subsequently splash unto the surface of the water when the fishing lure is tugged sharply, whereby a surface disturbance is created to attract fish hiding under cover of lily pads and other floating weeds or debris. This fishing lure shall include at least one fish hook rigged to be weedless, containing a flexible member deflecting weeds and debris away from each barbed point, a forwards facing concaved surface oriented in a manner predetermined to be suitable to redirect and splash a spray of water across the water surface, a floating body, a fish line connecting means at the forwards end of said fishing lure, and may, in some embodiments, further include at least a portion of said floating body in the form of a soft polymer flexible body in a shape resembling natural fish prey such as worms, frogs, minnows, centipedes, and etc.

Abstract: A fishing lure release apparatus is a quick release system that allows rapid interchanging of fishing lures on a fishing. An closed wire loop eyelet opposite a posterior open end clasp are opposed along a linearly elongated wire form. The posterior open end clasp forms an attachable hook element that is impinged by a spring urged closure. The hook element is inserted into a inner tubular cavity of the closure causing an impingement of the hook opening for securely holding and maintaining a mechanical coupling to anything attached thereto, while at the same time providing easy removal by sliding the closure upward along the body of the wire form.

Abstract: An animal deterring device has a carrier with first and second conductive traces that are separated by an arc suppressor. Most typically, the arc suppressor is configured to eliminate short circuiting of the device when exposed to fog, dew, rain, or animal excrements while at the same time to allow an animal to contact both conductive traces at the same time.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a novel, but simply structured pest control system that protects structures such as buildings and humans by providing a system that is selectively attached to the exterior of structures and/or to the surrounding perimeter of structures which creates a physical and chemical barrier where crawling insects and/or pests cannot survive without food and/or exposition to chemical agents such as pesticide. Alternatively the pest control system provides for the possibility that the crawling insects and/or pests agents may abandon the structure without exposition to the chemical agent, thus furthering an ecological homeostasis.

Abstract: A compressed wafer mulch, the compressed wafer mulch including corn stover fibers, paper fibers, compost or a mixture thereof, and a method of making the same.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for producing a liquid inoculant containing a desiccant. The method can improve survival and stability of bacteria in liquid inoculants in pack and on seeds. The method includes providing a liquid inoculant of a bacterium grown to a substantially stationary phase. A desiccant treatment containing a desiccant is added to the liquid inoculant to form a partially desiccated inoculant product. The partially desiccated inoculant product can be packaged and stored. The partially desiccated inoculant product can also be applied to seeds.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of growing at least three plants simultaneously in mineral wool growth substrate, the method comprises positioning the plants for growth in mineral wool growth substrate so that the roots of each plant are positioned in a growth region, and irrigating the plants with irrigation water over a period of at least three days, wherein during the irrigation period at least one water content parameter as measured in the growth regions surrounding the plant roots varies over the set of all growth regions by not more than 45%, and wherein the growth substrate comprises binder and wetting agent, the wetting agent comprising ionic surfactant.

Abstract: A door module of a vehicle includes: a panel of door glass including an upper peripheral edge and a lower peripheral edge; a lift plate coupled to the lower peripheral edge of the door glass such that a regulator may move the door glass between a full-up position and a full-down position within the door module via the lift plate; and a position block movable within the door module to: (i) a first position below the lift plate such that the lift plate rests on the position block and the door glass is at a position above the full-down position when the door glass is inserted into the lift plate during manufacture, and (ii) after such insertion, a second position that permits the lift plate to move further downward such that the door glass is at the full-down position.

Abstract: A sliding door or window supporting system has a stationary frame with a bottom track and a sliding portion that slides from a closed position to an open position. The bottom portion of the sliding portion and the upper surface of stationary frame track are provided with one or more magnets having identical magnetic polarity, thereby creating repulsion between the bottom of the sliding portion and the stationary track. Forces produced by magnetic repulsion lift the weight of the sliding portion, creating an air gap. A smooth, low friction sliding and door gliding movement results, which is immune to dirt and debris. The front to back movement of the sliding portion is supported by low friction polymeric knobs attached to a stationary frame and contacting sliding portion.

Abstract: A modular enclosure, such as a shed, may include sidewalls and a roof. The roof, for example, may include one or more roof panels. The roof may also include a truss that is sized and configured to support the roof panels. The shed may also include one or more support beams that may be connected to the truss and may be connected to one or more panels. The shed may include one or more brackets used to connect a pair of panels that are positioned at an angle to form a corner of the shed. The shed may also include a cover, which may include one or more receiving portions sized and configured to receive at least a portion of the brackets. A plurality of roof panels may be positioned within a shipping container to form storage areas or cavities sized and configured to receive all or at least a portion of one or more floor panels.

Abstract: A silo storage unit is created to enable an owner to conveniently store and dispense any number of materials. In one implementation, the storage silo is configured to store and dispense a heating fuel material. The silo storage unit may be implemented as a temporary installation or a year-round installation. Also, the silo storage unit includes a storage chamber configured with at least one outlet aperture, an inlet aperture. The storage chamber is formed with at least one attachment point configured to secure a facade cover to the silo storage unit. The facade cover may be formed from a cloth material, plastic material or any other number of materials. Further the facade cover may be configured as a holiday implementation, a housing element implementation, or a non-intrusive implementation. In the non-intrusive implementation, the facade cover may be configured to with artificial branches or leaves.

Abstract: A seamless surround for a rectangular skylight assembly is provided. Each side of the rectangular surround is characterized as having an obtuse-angled profile having an angle of between greater than 90 degrees and about 100 degrees, the profile including a vertically extending surface and a downwardly sloping surface. The vertically extending surfaces abut curb members attached to the skylight assembly and include apertures therethrough for receipt of a joining element. The downwardly sloping surfaces abut a building rooftop and further include apertures therethrough for receipt of a joining element. The roof-abutting side of the downwardly sloping surfaces includes a barrier material attached thereto. The barrier material may be any suitable air and water barrier, such as a polyurethane foam or a thermoplastic elastomer. A method of installing a skylight having the seamless surround is also provided.

Abstract: A structural frame typically comprised of steel metallic material that is utilized in retrofitting a small basement window in an older residence with an egress window is described that comprises pieces of linear L-channel that has been formed into a rectangular frame. The thickness of the channel is relatively thin permitting an installer to retrofit the smaller window with a larger one that is only marginally less wide without having to cut an opening within the foundation wall that is wider than the original window's steel buck. Excepting the bottom side of the original window's buck, it can be left in place during retrofit. Accordingly, a substantial portion of the foundation wall's load carrying capacity around the window opening is maintained during retrofit eliminating the need for additional reinforcement.

Abstract: Generally, a structural building system has a header, a header distant from the footer, and a plurality of vertical members spanning the footer and the header. The footer includes two support members, each having a horizontal portion and a vertical portion, positioned in an interior space of the footer for additional strength and stability. The header includes a corrugation, or brace member positioned in an interior space for strength and stability that has an upwardly offset central portion between horizontal portions. The vertical members are preferably I-beams that support a wall height at maximum wind loads. The footer and the header include races for ready wiring without drilling or cutting the vertical members. The system is augmented by mechanical fasteners or adhesives.

Abstract: In polymer building products, such as polymer siding, polymer roofing, j-blocks, gable vents, etc., characterized by fastener apertures each comprising an elongate slot bounded by a peripheral wall defining the slot, the peripheral wall having a height, a fastener centering-guide comprising a layer of material extending into the elongate slot from the peripheral wall thereof, the layer of material having defined therein (a) an elongate opening that is generally parallel to, but of smaller transverse dimensions than, the elongate slot, and (b) a predetermined location, defined intermediate the length of the elongate opening, for receiving a fastener therethrough, and wherein further the layer of material is characterized by a thickness that is less than the height of the peripheral wall and sufficiently thin so as to permit relative movement between a fastener extending through the centering guide and the polymer building product.

Abstract: A molding retainer is provided for securing a molding to a return flange in a roof ditch. The retainer generally includes a throat, a stop, a molding seat and a molding clip. In the case of a discontinuous flange having individual flange coupons, the throat may define a through-hole that fits over each flange coupon. The throat may include a plurality of fingers adapted to snap fit into windows in the flange coupons, with the fingers being mounted at different heights to accommodate variations in the placement of the windows. In the case of a continuous flange, the throat may define a channel that fits over the flange. The stop engages the floor of the roof ditch to provide a reference point for the height of the molding, and the molding clip engages and holds the molding.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a crossbeam and the respective crossbeam (1), intended to reinforce the instrument panel of a motor vehicle, guarantee its rigidity and support various devices, the said process being characterised by an alignment between only one main hollow metal body (2) with an elliptical cross-section and one secondary body (3) which is also metal and hollow and has an elliptical or circular cross-section, in that in this alignment the longitudinal axes of the said bodies are coaxial or parallel, in that also in this alignment the contour line of the outer wall of the secondary body is confined by the contour line of the inner wall of the main body, in that prior to this alignment the main body is conformed so as to adapt to the secondary body and in that, in the final phase, the two bodies are connected.

Abstract: There is provided a medicine packaging apparatus, which is capable of rapidly coping with errors occurring during processes.

Abstract: A clip closure system for closing clips, each clip having a base section and first and second legs extending from opposite ends thereof, is described. The clip closure system has a rail configured to hold the clips; first and second jaws which are rotatably connected to the rail; a connector; first and second arms, the first arm being connected to the first jaw and to the connector, the second arm being connected to the second jaw and to the connector; an actuator configured to move the connector such that the first jaw rotates relative to the rail to contact and bend the first leg of the clip toward the base section of the clip, and such that the second jaw rotates relative to the rail to contact and bend the second leg of the clip toward the base section of the clip.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming inflated containers from a film web having two juxtaposed film plies includes: a. a mechanism that conveys the film web along a path of travel; b. a first sealing device for producing one or more seals that bond the film plies together to form a container having at least one opening; c. an inflation assembly for inflating the container by directing a stream of gas into the opening thereof; and d. a second sealing device for sealing closed the opening of the inflated container.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of using a combination permanent partial decoration and temporary decoration to mass customize refillable glass vessels. The method comprising: decorating a glass vessel with a permanent partial decoration, receiving the glass vessel at a filling facility, washing the glass vessel in caustic solution to remove presence of a temporary decoration, filling the glass vessel with a product contents, printing the temporary decoration on the glass vessel, distributing the glass vessel to a marketplace for use by a consumer, receiving the consumer used glass vessel at the filling facility, and recycling the glass vessel by returning to the step of washing. Other embodiments include not using the permanent partial decoration and printing the temporary decoration on the glass vessel, wherein at least some of the temporary decoration is printed on top of a background region to increase the luminance qualities of the temporary decoration.

Abstract: An appliance system including a module removably mounted to an appliance, one or more removable gas canisters operably connected to the module, and a food retaining enclosed space operably connected to the module. The one or more gas canisters supply a modified atmosphere in the food retaining enclosed space to produce a modified atmosphere that enhances preservation of the food contained in the food retaining enclosed space.

Abstract: The transfer machine extends between the die-cut blank erecting station and the discharge conveyor on which the resulting boxes are carried away. It has a carriage that moves lengthwise underneath the sole plate of the various stations over which the box blank progresses. The carriage carries a system of clamps having movable upstream and downstream arms for gripping the blanks and a pusher. Together, the clamps and the pusher are used to move the blanks along the sole plate and push the box onto the discharge conveyor. The arms and the pusher are situated on a plate which is vertically movable relative to the carriage and the height of the projecting part of the upstream arms is greater than the height of the downstream arms and than that of the pushers. The upstream arm couple is hinged to the plate and pivots to allow it to retract upstream relative to the machine and beneath the sole plate. This pivoting of the arm couple is combined with the up-down movement of the plate.

Abstract: An adjustable saddle for a horse or other animal includes a pommel with substantially opposed lower ends, a seat member connected to the pommel and a pair of substantially opposed gripping members comprising flexible panels configured to contact the flanks of the animal. The panels have rearward portions fastened to the seat member and forward portions which are substantially free of contact with the seat member. An adjustment means connects at least one of the forward portions to the pommel. The adjustment means is configured to cause the panels to flex between a retracted position where the gripping members are relatively widely spaced and a gripping position where the gripping members are relatively closely spaced together. The gripping position provides gripping action against the upper body of the animal when the saddle is in use.

Abstract: A crop header includes a cutter bar carrying rotary cutter disks spaced along a gear case. A support beam extends behind the gear case and carries rock guards side by side along the cutter bar and each extending from the beam forwardly underneath the gear case in front of the gear case. Each rock guard includes a rear bolt fastening to the beam and a second forward bolt fastening arrangement to the beam with and is cantilevered forwardly from the supports for support of the forward end of the gear case. The guards include butting side edges each to the next at positions between the disks so that the curved front edges of the rock guards meet at a recessed front position of the front edges between the disks with a cast notch guard member bridging the front edges of two rock guards.

Abstract: A haymaking machine hitched to a tractor, including a frame carrying a cutting mechanism having cutting tools and a carrying structure intended to support a protective device, said protective device including one central protector articulated on said carrying structure by means of one connecting rod.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine comprising a compressor, a combustion chamber, and at least two turbines mounted oppositely to the combustion chamber, such that the gas turbine engine is capable of generating multidirectional thrust.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine is piloted with a pilot flow of fuel delivered to a combustor as a liquid. A first additional flow of the fuel is also delivered to the combustor as a liquid. A second additional flow of the fuel is vaporized and delivered to the combustor as a vapor. A fuel injector may have passageways associated with each of the three flows.

Abstract: An exhaust vane disposed in a divergent section of an aircraft gas turbine engine exhaust nozzle is sideways pivotable about a vane pivot axis. The nozzle vane pivot axis may be centrally located at an unvectored nozzle throat. Transversely spaced apart upper and lower tips of the exhaust vane may be incorporated to sealingly engage a nozzle outer wall along upper and lower surfaces of the outer wall of the nozzle. The exhaust vane has flat or contoured vane sidewalls and contoured vane sidewalls may be concave. The exhaust vane may have transversely biased apart upper and lower vane sections extending transversely inwardly from the upper and lower tips of the exhaust vane respectively. The exhaust vane may be articulated having upstream and downstream sections separately sideways pivotable about the vane pivot axis and a second pivot axis downstream of and parallel to the vane pivot axis respectively.

Abstract: A nozzle allowing the reduction of noise generated by aircraft jet engines having at least one output ring which disturbs the propulsion jet, and having at least one pair of conduits from which the propulsion of jet air is ejected at the output of the nozzle. The conduits of each pair are disposed convergent with respect to each other in order to generate a triangle of interaction of the air jets at the output ring.

Abstract: In a method and device for mixture control for an internal combustion engine having at least one catalytic converter disposed in an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine and a ?-closed-loop control, a value being ascertained for the loading of the catalytic converter with oxygen and the mixture being changed as a function of the ascertained value, a first mixture change is made in the direction of rich exhaust gas when the ascertained value of the oxygen loading has increased by more than a first predefined measure within a predetermined time span and/or after throughput of a predetermined quantity of exhaust-gas mass; and/or a second mixture change is made in the direction of lean exhaust gas when the ascertained value of the oxygen loading has dropped by more than a second predefined measure within a predetermined time span and/or after throughput of a predetermined quantity of exhaust-gas mass.

Abstract: In a method for the lambda control in an internal combustion engine with at least one catalytic converter, with the exhaust system being provided with front and rear lambda control circuits lambda with at least one rear oxygen sensor downstream in reference to the catalytic converter, with an output signal of the rear oxygen sensor being processed by the rear lambda control circuit, a difference value being formed to a rear target lambda value, and an actuating variable being formed acting on the target lambda value of the front lambda control circuit it is provided that after a change of the algebraic sign of the difference value a balanced oxygen amount is determined for a time interval since the sign change from the oxygen amount entered into and removed from the catalytic converter and the actuating variable of the rear lambda control circuit being selected depending on the balanced oxygen amount.

Abstract: The present invention provides a catalyst deterioration detection device that can avoid erroneous detection of catalyst deterioration by averting the influence of gas status changes at a catalyst outlet on the oxygen storage amount. Step 106 is performed to set a lean side target air-fuel ratio at afL1 and a rich side target air-fuel ratio at afR1 and calculate a maximum oxygen storage amount Cmax1. Next, step 108 is performed to set the lean side target air-fuel ratio at afL2 and the rich side target air-fuel ratio at afR2 and calculate a maximum oxygen storage amount Cmax2. Subsequently, step 110 is performed to set the lean side target air-fuel ratio at afL3 and the rich side target air-fuel ratio at afR3 and calculate a maximum oxygen storage amount Cmax3. If all the calculated maximum oxygen storage amounts Cmax1, Cmax2, Cmax3 are equal to or smaller than a reference value Cmaxth, step 116 is performed to detect catalyst deterioration.

Abstract: A method controls an exhaust gas temperature from a vehicle engine during regeneration of particulate filter (PF) in a vehicle having an oxidation catalyst (OC) and a selective catalytic reduction catalyst (SCR). The method ensures that a final OC temperature does not exceed a maximum of the target OC outlet temperature and a calibrated maximum OC outlet temperature. An apparatus for controlling a temperature of the exhaust gas includes sensors for measuring a temperature within the exhaust system and a controller having an algorithm, an OC temperature lookup table, and a PF temperature lookup table. The algorithm calculates a target OC outlet temperature using the lookup tables and a delayed error value that compensates for a thermal mass of the SCR. Actual OC outlet temperature is limited during regeneration of the PF to the lesser of the target OC outlet temperature and a calibrated maximum OC outlet temperature.

Abstract: A method and a system for regenerating an exhaust gas treatment device for an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder are presented. The system comprises an exhaust gas treatment device, a fuel storage means, a fuel vapor retainer, and an engine control unit adapted to selectively allow fuel vapors from the fuel vapor retainer to reach the engine. The method comprises regenerating an exhaust gas treatment by allowing fuel vapors from the fuel vapor retainer into at least one of the engine cylinders, and inhibiting combustion in at least one of the cylinders into which fuel vapors are to allowed.

Abstract: invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, in the exhaust gas section of which is arranged at least one SCR catalytic converter, which is hit with a reagent that contributes to NOx conversion in the SCR catalytic converter, and to a device for implementing the method. At least one measure is calculated for the NOx concentration downstream after the SCR catalytic converter. An NOx sensor, which is arranged downstream after the SCR catalytic converter, generates an exhaust gas sensor signal which corresponds to at least the NOx concentration and optionally, as a result of cross sensitivity, to a reagent slip. A reagent signal, which determines the dosage of reagent, is influenced by a correction signal as a function of the difference and as a function of a measure for the temperature of the SCR catalytic converter.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to recover the performance of an exhaust gas purification apparatus while suppressing slipping of fuel through the exhaust gas purification apparatus. When the performance of the exhaust gas purification apparatus is to be recovered at a time when the intake air quantity of the internal combustion engine is increasing (S101, S103), an upper limit value is set for the quantity of fuel added through a fuel addition valve provided in the exhaust passage (S104). If a target fuel supply quantity to be supplied to the exhaust gas purification apparatus is larger than the upper limit value (S105), a quantity of fuel quantity equal to the upper limit value is added through the fuel addition valve, and the shortfall of fuel supply is injected by sub fuel injection in the internal combustion engine (S110, S111, S112).

Abstract: A regeneration control method for a particle filter of an internal combustion engine exhaust line determines operating data items of the particle filter, wherein the data items are at least one representative inside temperature T(t) of the filter at a time t, regenerates the filter by increasing the temperature thereof above a first combustion temperature threshold of a soot contained in the filter, and computes a time-varying parameter dinst(t) representative for the amount of energy produced at the time t by the regeneration process. The method further calculates a weighted parameter Dinst weight(t), which is at least partially defined by the function of dinst(t)*Gtemp (t) or Gtemp (t) and varying in time (t) according to the representative temperature T(t).

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for producing hot gas with a first combustion chamber (2) to burn fuel (17). The first combustion chamber features an open (5) and a closed end (36), and the first combustion chamber has a fuel inlet (13) arranged at its closed end. A second combustion chamber (35) encloses the first combustion chamber, with the second combustion chamber featuring a discharge outlet (37) for the hot gas, and the second combustion chamber featuring a closed end at which an inlet for combustion air (39) is arranged.

Abstract: An exhaust manifold includes an exhaust conduit having an inner surface, and an aluminide layer disposed on at least a portion of the inner surface of the manifold. The exhaust manifold is made by applying aluminum on an inner surface of the manifold and oxidizing to form the aluminide layer.

Abstract: A double redundancy electro hydrostatic actuator system includes two hydraulic pumps; two fail safe valves connected with the two hydraulic pumps, respectively; one dual tandem hydraulic cylinder connected with the two fail safe valves and having a piston rod, wherein the piston rod is moved by switching supply and discharge of the fluid; two switching valves connected with the two fail safe valves; two accumulators connected with the two switching valves and the two hydraulic pumps, respectively; and two chambers connected with the two switching valves, respectively. Each of the two accumulators accumulates the fluid from a corresponding one of the two hydraulic pumps, and sends the fluid to a corresponding one of the two fail safe valves. The two chambers receive the fluid from the two fail safe valves, respectively.