Abstract: A spark plug includes a body and a center electrode. The body includes a first end, a second end, an insulating portion and a shell portion. The shell portion includes an exterior threaded section, a nut section below the threaded section, an electrically conductive, axially elongated firing ring above the threaded section and terminating at an upper surface. The center electrode extends through the body and includes a terminal end and a firing end. The firing end extends beyond the second end of the body and includes a plurality of tines. Each tine includes a first section and a second section. The first section extends radially from the firing end. The second section extends axially toward the upper surface of the firing ring and terminates at a tip. The insulating portion electrically isolates the shell portion from the center electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a liquid anode radiation source (10) having the ability of turning upside down. The liquid anode radiation source (10) comprises a body (12) equipped with inlet and outlet having a wall (15) limiting the anode space (17), where the outlet connected to the inlet outside the body (12) will define a continuous flow path closing through the body, the inlet has a wall limiting an internal cross-section changing towards the anode space (17), wherein the cross-section of the inlet a deflector (11) is arranged in a position free of contacting the wall, filling out the cross-section partially and movable to the direction perpendicular to the cross-section; the liquid anode material (14) arranged in the flow path; the circulation unit inserted in the flow path in such a way that it can ensure the unidirectional movement of the anode material in the flow path.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electron emitter. The electron emitter includes a carbon nanotube pipe. One end of the carbon nanotube pipe has a plurality of carbon nanotube peaks. The present disclosure also provides an electron emission element. The electron emission element comprises a conductive base and a carbon nanotube pipe. The carbon nanotube pipe includes a first end electrically connected with the conductive base and a second end opposite to the first end. The second end defines an opening and includes a plurality of tapered carbon nanotube bundles located around the opening.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electron emitter. The electron emitter includes a carbon nanotube linear compound. The carbon nanotube linear compound includes a conductive linear support and a carbon nanotube pipe. The conductive linear support is located in the carbon nanotube pipe. A plurality of carbon nanotube peaks extends from one end of the electron emitter.

Abstract: An airtight multi-layer array type LED is disclosed, which comprises a metal substrate with an airtight metal frame formed thereon, and the metal substrate is integrally formed with the airtight metal frame, and an airtight sealing frame slot is formed around the upper surface of the airtight metal frame, the airtight metal frame is installed with two sets of sealing through hole pairs accommodating the lead frames. The interior of the airtight metal frame can be installed with packaging materials or optical components. The sealing holes are sealed with a glass or ceramic material. A fluorescent layer is formed on a silica gel layer, wherein the fluorescent layer can also be installed inside a silica glass package cover. The silica glass package cover is installed on the top surface of the airtight metal frame, and the silica glass package cover is engaged and sealed to a sealing rack.

Abstract: A pixel tube for field emission display includes a sealed container, an anode, a phosphor, and a cathode. The sealed container has a light permeable portion. The anode is located on the light permeable portion. The phosphor layer is located on the anode. The cathode is spaced from the anode and includes a cathode emitter. The cathode emitter includes a carbon nanotube pipe. One end of the carbon nanotube pipe has a plurality of carbon nanotube peaks.

Abstract: A pixel tube for field emission display includes a sealed container, an anode, a phosphor, and a cathode. The sealed container has a light permeable portion. The anode is located in the sealed container and spaced from the light permeable portion. The phosphor layer is located on the anode. The cathode is spaced from the anode and includes a cathode emitter. The cathode emitter includes a carbon nanotube pipe. One end of the carbon nanotube pipe has a plurality of carbon nanotube peaks.

Abstract: The present invention improves mechanical strength of an electrode and provides an EL device etc. with excellent durability. An EL device includes a pair of electrodes 11 and 12 on a substrate 2, and a light emitting layer 15 provided between the electrodes 11 and 12. One of the pair of electrodes 11 and 12 is a metal electrode. The metal electrode is a multilayer including a lower layer 20 of aluminum metal and an upper layer 21 of nickel metal formed above the lower layer. Only the upper layer 21 of the lower layer 20 and the upper layer 21 contains a nitrogen element derived from sputtering gas. As the material of the upper layer 21, for example, an alloy of nickel and copper is preferable.

Abstract: Provided is an organic EL display apparatus in which, depending on a situation in which a user uses the organic EL display apparatus, “display with high light use efficiency and high front luminance (luminous efficiency)” or “display with large view angle” is selectable. Pixels each include subpixels having different optical characteristics from each other, and the pixels and the subpixels are respectively arranged in a staggered pattern. Further, the subpixels are independently controlled.

Abstract: Provided is a novel organometallic complex that has an emission region in the wavelength band of green to blue and high reliability. Provided is an organometallic complex including a structure represented by a general formula (G1). The organometallic complex represented by the general formula (G1) is a novel organometallic complex that has an emission region in the wavelength band of green to blue and high reliability. Further provided is a light-emitting element including the organometallic complex, and a light-emitting device, an electronic device, and a lighting device each using the light-emitting element.

Abstract: An object is to provide a novel carbazole compound that can be used for a transport layer, a host material, or a light-emitting material in a light-emitting element. A carbazole compound where nitrogen of a carbazole group, the carbazole skeleton of which whose 3-position is bonded to the 4-position of a dibenzofuran skeleton or a dibenzothiophene skeleton, is bonded to a benzimidazole skeleton through a phenylene group, is provided. The carbazole compound has a high carrier-transport property, and can be suitably used for a material for a light-emitting element or for an organic semiconductor material.

Abstract: In a flat panel display device and a method of manufacturing the same, the flat panel display device is manufactured by forming a display unit on a substrate, forming a hydrophobic barrier layer for preventing a material of an organic layer from flowing around the display unit, and forming a thin film sealing layer by alternately stacking an inorganic layer and the organic layer on the display unit. Accordingly, formation of an edge tail of the organic layer is prevented, thereby preventing penetration of external moisture.

Abstract: A device is provided, having an anode, a cathode, and two adjacent organic layers disposed between the anode and the cathode. One organic layer is a phosphorescent emissive material. The other organic layer may comprise an aromatic hydrocarbon material, comprising an aromatic non-heterocyclic hydrocarbon core optionally substituted, and wherein the substituents are the same or different, and each is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, substituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl and heterocyclic groups. The second organic layer may comprise a material having a molecular dipole moment less than about 2.0 debyes, such that the device has an unmodified external quantum efficiency of at least about 3% and a lifetime of at least about 1000 hours at an initial luminance of about 100 to about 1000 cd/m2.

Abstract: The electroluminescent system comprises an electroluminescent device (1) having a first, two-dimensional electrode (2) made of a transparent material. A layer (3,4) made of luminescent dielectric is assigned to each of the large surfaces of said first electrode (2). Said luminescent layers (3,4) are transparent and are made of materials that can emit light with different wavelengths. An electrode (5,6) is assigned to each large surface of the luminescent layers (3, 4) opposite the common electrode (2). A support layer (T) which is also made of transparent material is located on the front side of said electroluminescent device (1). A voltage source (11, 12) is connected between two successive electrodes (5, 2, 6).

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display comprises: a substrate; a display formed on the substrate and including a common power line and a common electrode; a junction layer provided outside the display on the substrate; and a sealing substrate fixed to the substrate by the junction layer. The sealing substrate includes: a support film; a first metal layer provided on one side of the support film toward the substrate; a plurality of second metal layers provided on the first metal layer and being conductive with the first metal layer; and a third metal layer provided on the first metal layer and being insulated from the first metal layer. The second metal layers supply a first electric signal to the common power line, and the third metal layer supplies a second electric signal to the common electrode. A method of manufacturing such an OLED display is also disclosed.

Abstract: An arc tube includes a light emitting body for light therein and a ceramic tube having a first capillary and a second capillary integral with respective opposite sides of the light emitting body. A first electrode is inserted and sealed in the first capillary, and a second electrode is inserted and sealed in the second capillary. The first electrode is sealed in the first capillary by shrink fitting.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a coupled cavity traveling wave tube are disclosed herein. For example, some embodiments provide a coupled cavity traveling wave tube including a plurality of core segments arranged in spaced-apart fashion to form an electron beam tunnel, a first longitudinal member adjacent the plurality of core segments alternately extending toward and receding from successive core segments, and a second longitudinal member adjacent to the plurality of core segments alternately extending toward and receding from successive core segments.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating an electron beam is disclosed to reduce emittance of an electron beam. The apparatus includes: a housing including a rear portion where an electron beam is generated, a front portion having an electron beam discharge hole for discharging the electron beam to the exterior, and a side portion connecting the rear portion and the front portion, the side portion having a first hole and an opposite side portion, facing the first hole, having a second hole in order to reduce asymmetry of an electric field caused by the first hole; and a waveguide installed on the side portion to supply an electromagnetic wave to the interior of the housing through the first hole, wherein the electron beam is generated by laser incident to the interior of the housing and accelerated by the electromagnetic wave supplied to the interior of the housing.

Abstract: An automotive vehicle system includes a light and a module. The light is adapted to be attached to an exterior of a vehicle. The module selectively illuminates the light during a vehicle stationary period based on an electric drive system state of charge. The module further selectively illuminates the light during a vehicle driven period based on vehicle operating conditions different than the electric drive system state of charge.

Abstract: An airborne vehicle lighting control apparatus and method for automatically controlling activation and deactivation of an airborne vehicle lighting system. A processor for automatically controlling the lighting system can be employed and having one or more sensors operatively connected to the processor for sensing the current flight operating mode and geographical position of an airborne vehicle. The processor can activate or deactivate lighting based on the current flight operating mode and position.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) modules in series are monitored. When an LED module is detected as failing or operating inadequately, a bypass switch removes the particular LED module from the series and the voltage provided to the series is modified. When the LED modules are detected as having too high of a temperature, the current provided to the LED modules is limited.

Abstract: A method and circuit for correcting a power factor in an alternating current/direct current power transformer. The circuit has an inductance fed by a rectified AC voltage, and a switch by which the inductance can be charged and discharged by closing and opening the switch, and further has a diode by which the discharge current of the inductance is fed to the output of the circuit. During the discharge phase, a voltage Vmon corresponding to the output voltage VBUS is measured, and the measured values are stored. It is further determined when the discharge current reaches or crosses the zero line at the end of a discharge phase. Switch-on and switch-off signals for actuating the switch are generated by analyzing the information determined. The switch should not be switched on again until a particular minimum switch-off time has been reached.

Abstract: Provided is a lighting apparatus which supplies current from direct-current power supplies to light-emitting diodes, detects current flowing through the light-emitting diodes, and performs on/off control of the direct-current power supplies. The lighting apparatus includes a resistance connected between the direct-current power supplies and a fixed potential terminal, a voltage dividing circuit for dividing a predetermined voltage, a PWM control circuit and FET for variably controlling a dividing ratio of the voltage dividing circuit by PWM control based on a duty ratio in accordance with an operation for setting brightness, and a comparison circuit for comparing a voltage associated with a both-end voltage of the resistance with an output voltage of the voltage dividing circuit. The lighting apparatus performs on/off control of the direct-current power supplies in accordance with the comparison result obtained by the comparison circuit.

Abstract: A sensing device transmits wireless signals when an error between at least one sampled parameter value and at least one predicted parameter value is too great, such that the sensing device transmits wireless signals to a load control device using a variable transmission rate that is dependent upon the amount of change in a value of the parameter. The sensing device uses the one or more estimators to determine the predicted parameter value, and may transmit the estimators to the load control device if the error is too great. The load control device uses the estimators to determine at least one estimated parameter value and controls the electrical load in response to the estimated parameter value. The sensing device may comprise, for example, a daylight sensor for measuring a total light intensity in the space around the sensor or a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature around the sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a circuit structure capable of straight/reverse connection of positive and negative electrodes of an input power source, which includes a load, an input power portion, a protection unit, a first switch unit and a second switch unit. The first switch unit and the second switch unit can respectively select an ON or OFF state based on the electrical polarities of a first electrode end and a second electrode end of the input power portion. By this arrangement, the circuit structure of the present invention can be operated normally no matter whether the positive and negative electrodes of the input power source are straightly or reversely connected.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus and method for operating LED-based lighting devices are disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiver that receives a potential from a power source whose output varies as a function of time, an energy storage device, and an LED array. The energy storage device stores energy from the power source when the driving potential is greater than a predetermined value. The LED array has variable forward bias potential, the LED array generating light when a potential across the array is greater than the selected forward bias potential. A source selector connects the energy storage device to the array when the potential from the power source is less than a predetermined value. A controller that varies the forward bias potential such that the difference between the forward bias potential and potential across the array is maintained at a value less than a predetermined value.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a main body in which a display unit is disposed, and a backlight unit that is detachable from the main body and to which a plurality of LED modules are attached, each of which is provided with LEDs, so that the image display apparatus displays an image on the display unit with backlight light emitted by the LEDs. The plurality of LED modules are assigned with different channels as units of control of light emission luminance of the LEDs and can be replaced independently of each other.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter supplies an output voltage to a plurality of channels of a light emitting device array in common. A current driver has a plurality of driver units which drive the channels. Each of the driver units includes a drive transistor and a detector which detects an abnormality of a drive current. A logic unit generates digital data in response to a plurality of detection signals and supplies the same to a D/A converter. An analog reference voltage of the D/A converter is supplied to the DC-DC converter. The logic unit executes a calibration operation which determines digital data for setting the minimum output DC voltage at the normal operation of all the channels by sequential updating of the digital data.

Abstract: A controller system controls a plurality of lighting element arrays. The controller system comprises array selection module for selecting a lighting element array, voltage control module arranged to apply a voltage to at least the selected lighting element array, a common current source arranged to provide a current from the common current source to the selected lighting element array, and duty cycle control module arranged to control a ratio of the current to the selected lighting element array over a time sharing cycle.

Abstract: A stepdown DC-DC converter is adapted to provide a power supply voltage necessary to control the operation of an LED. The stepdown DC-DC converter includes: a reference voltage supplier for providing a reference voltage; a feedback unit for feeding back the power supply voltage on an output line; an operational amplifier for operationally amplifying the reference voltage and the fed-back power supply voltage; a switch unit for switching on/off a DC voltage on an input line toward the output line; and a charging and discharging circuit for selectively performing a charging operation of the switched voltage from the switch unit and a discharging operation of its charged voltage according to the switching operation of the switch unit to provide the power supply voltage to the output line.

Abstract: A method for controlling an output of a AC current fluorescent lamp, including the steps of predetermining a desired degree of lamp illumination, determining the zero crossing point of a waveform representing an input voltage to the fluorescent lamp, and correlating the desired degree of illumination in relation to the zero crossing point and a cycle position later than the zero crossing point. Input voltage is allowed to flow to the fluorescent lamp beginning at zero voltage and an output feedback load is generated by the fluorescent lamp. The optimized input voltage is prevented from flowing to the fluorescent lamp after the zero crossing point at the correlated position of the input current in relation to the zero crossing point based on the detected output feedback load generated by the fluorescent lamp. A dimmer for carrying out the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A circuit for the power regulation of an LED comprises a converter having a switch. The LED is interconnected in an output circuit, wherein a control unit controls the magnetization of an inductor, in that it actively clocks the switch. A measured actual value representative of the average value of the LED current is returned to the control unit and compared to a reference value.

Abstract: A portable electronic device, such as a flashlight, with a circuit for reducing the initial surge of current that is sent through the lamp filament when a flashlight is turned on is provided. The circuit reduces the stresses placed on the lamp bulb when it is turned on, thereby extending the life expectancy of the lamp bulb. A flashlight with beacon mode that produces light according to a duty cycle of less than 11% is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for actuating a discharge lamp (LP), wherein in order to ignite the lamp a resonant circuit (L, C1) is brought into resonance or near resonance by the action of alternating current and as a result adjustment to give a predetermined amperage is performed by varying the frequency of the alternating current. For this purpose a measuring device transmits measured values of the amperage to means for controlling the frequency, and these means establish the frequency in dependence on the measured values. Before the ignition voltage is applied the electrodes of the lamp are pre-heated by the action on the resonant circuit of alternating current of a different frequency than when the lamp is ignited.

Abstract: A powerline communication control system for controlling a lighting unit, such as an LED lighting unit, including a master controller for receiving lighting unit control inputs from a lighting controller and generating corresponding lighting unit command outputs in a lighting system command format and transmission mode and superimposing the lighting unit command outputs onto the power distribution system and at least one lighting slave unit for receiving the lighting command signal, separating the lighting command signal from the power signal and for providing lighting unit control commands to the at least one lighting unit to control illumination thereof.

Abstract: A driver circuit includes a buck converter associated with each LED chain for supplying a load current thereto. The buck converter receives an input voltage and is configured to provide a supply voltage to the associated LED chain such that the resulting load current of the LED chain matches at least approximately a predefined reference current value. The driver circuit further includes a switching converter that receives a driver supply voltage from a power supply and provides, as an output voltage, the input voltage for the buck converters. The switching converter is configured to provide an input voltage to the buck converters such that the maximum of the ratios between the input voltage and the supply voltages provided to the LED chains matches a predefined tolerance reference ratio.

Abstract: A system is disclosed to automatically establish proper biasing for light sources in a color mixed projection system having multiple light sources which are active at the same time. Responsive to a feedback signal, a single DC-DC converter generates the bias voltage for the light sources. Comparators compare a headroom signal for each light source to a reference value to generate comparator output signals. The comparator output signals are processed by a channel selector and a digital filter/DAC module. The channel selector controls a switch to selectively provide and combine a headroom signal with an output of the digital filter/DAC module to create the feedback signal. By monitoring each headroom value, the bias voltage is adjusted, based on the feedback signal, until every headroom signal reaches the reference value thereby achieving sufficient biasing for every active light source in the color mixed projection system.

Abstract: A computing device is disclosed. The computing device includes a housing having an illuminable portion. The computing device also includes a light device disposed inside the housing. The light device is configured to illuminate the illuminable portion.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp lighting device is used for projector devices that allow controlling the mean electric power at a desired value with a slow processing speed. A color wheel rotates and disperses the beam from lamp into each of the color components, such that the electric power supplied to the lamp is controlled at different levels for each segment of the color wheel and the power feeding device control part finds the mean electric power by sampling the electric power supplied.

Abstract: A method and a system for assembling and controlling a lighting array including a plurality of lighting units by providing a representation of the lighting array having a unit entry for and corresponding to each lighting unit in the lighting array wherein each unit entry includes a physical location address field and a lighting unit identification field. The representation of the lighting array is mapped onto the array address space by entering a physical address in the array address space into the location address field of each unit entry and serializing the lighting unit by writing a unique unit identifier of a corresponding lighting unit into the lighting unit identification field of each unit entry.

Abstract: A discharge lamp device comprising a high pressure discharge lamp having a discharge space and a pair of main electrodes in an interior of said discharge space, a starting assistance light source adapted to radiate UV radiation towards said discharge space, and a power supply device to light the high pressure discharge lamp and the starting assistance light source, wherein said starting assistance light source contains at least a rare gas for starting and carbon monoxide (CO) as a light emitting substance, and said power supply device is adapted to generate a high starting voltage at a time lighting of said high pressure discharge lamp is started and afterwards switch to a voltage for steady-state lighting, such that said starting assistance light source radiates by means of said high starting voltage but does not radiate by means of said voltage for steady-state lighting.

Abstract: To provide a magnetic field control apparatus capable of reducing a width of a correcting plate. The magnetic field control apparatus includes a conductive vacuum duct 1 disposed between dipole magnet magnetic poles 3 and a conductive correcting plate 2. The correcting plate 2 is formed of a material having an electric conductivity higher than that of the vacuum duct 1. A plurality of conductive correcting plates 2 are disposed in each of four areas, the four areas being formed by dividing a cross section of a vacuum duct 1 extending perpendicularly to a direction in which a charged particle beam travels by a symmetrical surface having each of both magnetic poles of the dipole magnet defined as a mirror image and a plane which extends perpendicularly to the symmetrical surface and through which a center of gravity of the charged particle beam passes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to waveguides, e.g., waveguides in a dielectricwall accelerator, and to methods for the manufacture thereof. For example, planar contact electronic assemblies may be integrated in a waveguide e.g., a waveguide of an accelerator cell of a dielectricwall accelerator.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a piezoelectric vibrator driving circuit for driving a piezoelectric vibrator, the piezoelectric vibrator having an equivalent circuit in which an LC series resonance circuit, an equivalent resistor Rx connected in series thereto and a damping capacitor Co connected in parallel to them are provided, the driving circuit is configured: to detect a driving current Iz flowing through the entire piezoelectric vibrator; to detect a damping current Iy flowing through the damping capacitor Co; to calculate a series resonance current Ix flowing through the LC series resonance circuit by subtracting the detected damping current Iy from the detected driving current Iz; and to perform a phase adjustment so that a phase difference between the calculated series resonance current Ix and a driving voltage Ve to be applied to the piezoelectric vibrator becomes approximately 0.

Abstract: The current application is directed to various types of linear vibrational modules, including linear-resonant vibration modules, that can be incorporated in a wide variety of appliances, devices, and systems to provide vibrational forces. The vibrational forces are produced by linear oscillation of a weight or member, in turn produced by rapidly alternating the polarity of one or more driving electromagnets. Feedback control is used to maintain the vibrational frequency of linear-resonant vibration module at or near the resonant frequency for the linear-resonant vibration module. Both linear vibration modules and linear-resonant vibration modules can be designed to produce vibrational amplitude/frequency combinations throughout a large region of amplitude/frequency space.

Abstract: A battery power system, adapted for driving a motor system of a power unit with respect to at least one power mode signal and at least one motor control signal generated from the motor system, which comprises: a battery pack, an electrolytic capacitor, a boost converter, a first contactor, a first switch, an ultracapacitor, a first diode, a second contactor, a second switch, a current limiting element, a plurality of measuring elements, and an electrical energy controller; wherein the electrical energy controller is enabled to analyze the electrical power level of the ultracapacitor according the power mode signal, the motor control signal and the voltage/current signals generated from the plural measuring elements while using the result of the analysis to control the current directions and conductivity of the boost converter, the first contactor, the second contactor, the first switch and the second switch so as to achieve a variety of control modes accordingly.

Abstract: A reconfigurable battery has at least one bank of statically joined series connected battery cells, each cell including a positive and a negative pole. The poles connect through switches to respective output connections. Activating a set of processor controlled switches reconfigures at least some of the battery cells into a configuration to provide a voltage across the output connections. The output battery voltage may vary intermediately between open circuit voltage and the maximum voltage produced by the series connected battery cells. An alternative configuration of switches divides groups of series connected battery cells into separate battery banks that permit other battery cell configurations. Duty cycle modulation of the switches allows intermediate control of output voltage with reduced switching transients. Reconfigurable battery cells used in combination with an electric motor permit selectable speed control and battery regeneration schemes matched to motor output.

Abstract: A motor magnetic pole position correction method includes preventing a movement of a movable element of a direct drive motor by mechanical brake (step S9), generating a command that designates a position spaced or separated from the present position (step S10), detecting a torque command value of the direct drive motor (step S12), determining a magnetic pole position correction value based on a comparison between the detected torque command value and a predetermined threshold value (steps S14 and S16), storing the determined magnetic pole position correction value in a memory (step S18), and performing motor control using an electrical angle offset value obtained based on the magnetic pole position correction value stored in the memory.

Abstract: A method for determining a direction of rotation for an electronically commutated motor (ECM) is described. The motor is configured to rotate a blower and the method comprises rotating the blower using the ECM and determining if the resulting blower rotation is indicative of the desired direction of rotation for the blower.

Abstract: An electric drive machine includes an electric drive system including an internal combustion engine and an electrical power generator coupled to the internal combustion engine. An electronic controller is in control communication with the electric drive system and is configured to determine an estimated temperature of a rotor of the electrical power generator at least in part by determining a rotor temperature rise estimation, compare the estimated rotor temperature to a rotor temperature threshold, and initiate an excessive temperature action if the estimated rotor temperature is greater than or equal to the rotor temperature threshold.