Abstract: A laser diode read driver includes a first transistor producing a first voltage in response to receiving a first current signal. A transconductor has a first input coupled to receive the first voltage and produces a second current signal in response to differences between signals received on the first input and a second input. A second transistor is coupled to the second input and produces a third current signal in response to receiving the second current signal. A third transistor is coupled to the second transistor and the second input and produces an output current signal in response to receiving the third current signal. The first transistor is scaled to the first transistor by the inverse of a gain factor. First and second resistors are coupled between the first and third transistors and a low voltage supply, and are scaled to each other by the gain factor.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment of the semiconductor laser light source, the latter includes a carrier and at least two semiconductor lasers. The semiconductor lasers are mounted on a carrier top. The semiconductor laser light source furthermore includes at least one optical component, which is arranged downstream of at least one of the semiconductor lasers in a direction of emission. The semiconductor lasers and the optical component are housed tightly in a common enclosure by way of a cover. The dimensions of the enclosure, viewed in three orthogonal spatial directions, amount in each case to at most 8 mm×8 mm×7 mm.

Abstract: A photonic crystal surface emission laser includes an active layer, and a photonic crystal layer made of a plate-shaped slab provided with modified refractive index area having a refractive index different from that of the slab, the modified refractive index areas being arranged on each of the lattice points of a first rhombic-like lattice and a second rhombic-like lattice in which both diagonals are mutually parallel and only one diagonal is of a different length, wherein ax1, ax2, ay, and n satisfy the following inequality: ? 1 a x ? ? 1 - 1 a x ? ? 2 ? ( 1 a x ? ? 1 + 1 a x ? ? 2 ) 2 + ( 2 a y ) 2 ? 1 n .

Abstract: An optoelectronic semiconductor chip, the latter includes a carrier and a semiconductor layer sequence grown on the carrier. The semiconductor layer sequence is based on a nitride-compound semiconductor material and contains at least one active zone for generating electromagnetic radiation and at least one waveguide layer, which indirectly or directly adjoins the active zone. A waveguide being formed. In addition, the semiconductor layer sequence includes a p-cladding layer adjoining the waveguide layer on a p-doped side and/or an n-cladding layer on an n-doped side of the active zone. The waveguide layer indirectly or directly adjoins the cladding layer. An effective refractive index of a mode guided in the waveguide is in this case greater than a refractive index of the carrier.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gas laser apparatus having: a first estimation unit which calculates an estimate of input power to the laser power supply device by using the output current value and output voltage value of the DC power supply unit and also using the efficiency of conversion from input power to output power by the DC power supply unit; a second estimation unit which calculates an estimate of input power to the driving device by using the output current value of the driving device; and a power calculation unit which calculates the power consumption value of the gas laser apparatus, based on the estimate of the input power to the laser power supply device and the estimate of the input power to the driving device.

Abstract: A laser including a semiconductor laser stack group, a beam compositor, a pump beam collimator, a thin-disk laser crystal, a first and a second parabolic reflectors with the same facial contour function, a corrective reflector, an output mirror, and a jet-flow impact cooling system. The thin-disk laser crystal and the output mirror form a laser resonant cavity. The first parabolic reflector, second parabolic reflector, thin-disk laser crystal, and corrective reflector form a multi-pumping focus cavity. The jet-flow impact cooling system is used for cooling the thin-disk laser crystal. The pump light produced by the semiconductor laser stack group is composited by the beam compositor, collimated by the pump light collimator, and enters the multi-pumping focus cavity. Within the multi-pumping focus cavity, the pump light is focused, collimated, and deflected to converge on the thin-disk laser crystal. The laser resonant cavity produces and outputs a laser beam.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode support arm system for metallurgical furnaces, having an electrode arm (1) having an electrode support arm head (13) implemented as an electrode support device at the front part thereof, designed as a hollow profile having a wall formed at least partially of conductive material having high conductivity, through which a coolant can be guided.

Abstract: A sensor device is provided for detecting thawing on surfaces with interdigital electrodes formed in a resistance layer which is formed on a substrate. In order to develop the sensor device further so that the measuring speed of the sensor device is further increased, the disclosure proposes that the interdigital electrodes and recesses between the interdigital electrodes have a moisture-sensitive hydrophilic surface through condensation cores applied to it.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to improve the surface characterization of solid materials, facilitating the implementation thereof, while producing reliable and accurate results. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: obtaining a material (M) to be characterized, in powder form, and a gas mixture (G) containing a probe molecule (S) that can interact with the material, performing gas percolation through the material by flowing the gas mixture into the free spaces between the grains of the material, while leaving said grains in contact with each other, during the gas percolation through the material (M), measuring a radiative heat flux (F) emitted by the material, and at least one surface characteristic relating to the material (M) is deduced from the radiative heat flux (F) measurements.

Abstract: The biocontainer of the present invention provides a low cost, simple solution of many of the problems encountered during shipping, freezing and thawing of biopharmaceutical materials. The present invention enables a user to monitor the temperature profile of each biopharmaceutical container during the cryogenic process, so as to ensure the integrity of materials within each biocontainer by using a pre-installed and pre-sterilized temperature sensor. In some embodiments, the sensor assembly includes a wireless transmitter and is capable of transmitting information regarding the measured reading. In other embodiments, the sensor assembly includes a processing unit, which determines whether the temperature profile is acceptable. In a further embodiment, an indicator is included, such that the processing unit may indicate whether the biopharmaceutical material has been properly frozen.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to, inter alia, systems and methods for calculating a temperature associated with an analyte measurement component of a biosensing instrument (such as a blood glucose monitor), with a test strip that is inserted in a biosensing instrument, or both. The present systems and methods may employ at least two temperature sensors, and the acquired temperature information may be used to modulate data regarding an analyte in a biological sample, thereby providing a more accurate measurement of the analyte.

Abstract: A method of estimating temperature includes selecting a plurality of known calibration temperature values; determining a bulk wavelength for each of the calibration temperature values; formulating a calibration data set that includes the plurality of known temperature values and the corresponding plurality of bulk wavelengths; and using the calibration data set to determine an estimated current temperature value based upon a current bulk wavelength, wherein the current temperature value is estimated based upon one or more data points in the calibration data set.

Abstract: A clock generating circuit includes: a phase detector for detecting a phase difference between an input clock and a reference clock to generate a control signal corresponding to the phase difference; a controllable oscillator for generating a plurality of output clocks according to the control signal, wherein the plurality of output clocks correspond to an oscillating frequency and correspond to a plurality of different phases respectively; a phase selector for selecting an output clock as a feedback clock from the plurality of output clocks according to a phase select signal; a feedback circuit for generating the input clock according to the feedback clock; and a phase difference comparator for comparing the plurality of phases corresponding to the plurality of output clocks respectively with a data phase of a data signal to generate a compared result, and generating the phase select signal according to the compared result.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and a device for transmitting sounding reference signal in a multi-antenna system, wherein the method includes acquiring antenna grouping information, and grouping antennas according to the antenna grouping information; and transmitting SRS on the respective antennas, wherein different antenna groups transmit the SRS in different frequency bands at a same moment. With the present invention, the interference with a base station of an adjacent cell in a certain frequency band is enabled to be reduced.

Abstract: A system and method for signaling and transmitting uplink reference signals are provided. A method for communications controller operations includes signaling information about a set of sequence groups to a first communications device, where the first communications device uses a sequence in the set of sequence groups to modulate a reference signal. The method also includes selecting a sequence group from the set of sequence groups and signaling information about the selected sequence group to the first communications device.

Abstract: In accordance with embodiments, a communication system includes a first device and a second device in communication with the first device. The second device has at least a first pair and a second pair of antennas. The second device spreads a communication bit by a predetermined spreading factor and forms a first set of spatial block codes in frequency domain based on the spread communication bit. The first set of spatial block codes being consecutively transmitted on one of the first and second pairs of antennas.

Abstract: A method and arrangement of increasing impairment co-variance matrix Ru estimation accuracy in downlink in a user equipment in a communication network system. De-spread is performed on HS-DSCH symbols to form a matrix X of de-spread symbols. The matrix X and channel estimates hc from CPiCH and modulation scheme information are used to form a matrix S of recovered symbols in hard value. The matrix X and the channel estimates hc, the modulation scheme information and the matrix S output are used to increase the estimation accuracy of the matrix S. The previous step is repeated until the output symbols are the same as the input symbols or the number of iterations reaches a pre-defined maximum value. The matrix X and the matrix S with increased estimation accuracy are used to form an impairment co-variance matrix Ru estimate.

Abstract: A method, using a positioning module and a wireless telecommunication network comprises first and second base stations and first and second mobile terminals, said first terminal comprising a rake receiver, the method comprising: storing received signal data (MT_data) generated by the first mobile terminal rake receiver from signals transmitted over the air in a multipath environment and received by first mobile terminal; storing positioning data (MT_pos) obtained from the positioning module, said positioning data (MT_pos) comprising a plurality of positions of first mobile terminal with time associated with such position information; storing base station data obtained from first base station, said base station data comprising first base station identification code (BS_id) and first base station position information (BS_pos); determining field test data from said received signal data (MT_data), positioning data (MT_data) and base station data (BS_id, BS_pos), such determined field test data comprising: an

Abstract: A method and a system for storing a constant path loss exponent corresponding to free space; transmitting a signal; receiving the signal via a rake receiver of a user device; identifying a maximum received signal strength based on a signal strength associated with the signal relative to fingers of the rake receiver; storing a current maximum received signal strength value; determining whether the current maximum received signal strength value is a first maximum received signal strength value; calculating a current indoor position of the user device based on the constant path loss exponent and the current maximum received signal strength value when a determination is that the current maximum received signal strength value is the first maximum received signal strength value; and outputting the current indoor position.

Abstract: A technique for reducing the dwell time in acquiring a satellite signal is provided. The technique minimizes the dwell time in searching for a satellite signal in cells of a search space by comparing the peak-power-to-average ratio (PAPR) to one or more thresholds at one or more intermediate points during the search in a code phase/Doppler frequency bin. The comparison is then used to determine whether to continue the search in a current code phase/Doppler frequency bin or to continue to the next code phase/Doppler frequency bin.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a communication terminal is provided comprising a transceiver configured to transmit data in accordance with a plurality of transmission processes wherein each transmission process may be activated or deactivated, a receiver configured to receive a message including a message field which specifies a number of transmission processes to which a request for transmission process activation or deactivation is to be applied and a controller configured to activate or deactivate the number of transmission processes in accordance with the request.

Abstract: In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, a method may include generating a first current equal to a bandgap voltage divided by a resistance selected to approximately match a process resistance integral to a receiver. The method may further include generating a second current equal to temperature-dependent current multiplied by a predetermined scaling factor. The method may also include subtracting the second current from the first current to generate a bias current. The method may additionally include providing the bias current to the receiver.

Abstract: A communication system that uses keyed modulation to encode fixed frequency communications on a variable frequency power transmission signal in which a single communication bit is represented by a plurality of modulations. To provide a fixed communication rate, the number of modulations associated with each bit is dynamic varying as a function of the ratio of the communication frequency to the carrier signal frequency. In one embodiment, the present invention provides dynamic phase-shift-keyed modulation in which communications are generated by toggling a load at a rate that is a fraction of the power transfer frequency. In another embodiment, the present invention provides communication by toggling a load in the communication transmitter at a rate that is phase locked and at a harmonic of the power transfer frequency. In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides frequency-shift-keyed modulation, including, for example, modulation at one of two different frequencies.

Abstract: A locked loop circuit having a clock hold function. The locked loop circuit includes a select circuit, phase mixing circuit, hold signal generator and latch circuit. The select circuit selects one of a plurality of phase values in response to a select signal, and the phase mixing circuit generates a first clock signal having a phase angle according to the selected phase value. The hold signal generator asserts a hold signal in response to a transition of the select signal, and the latch circuit latches the state of the first clock signal in response to assertion of the hold signal.

Abstract: In a communications device a grouping unit uses channel state information when mapping data bits to a plurality of different constellation groups. Each constellation group is assigned to another modulation scheme. A plurality of sub-carriers is assigned to none or one of the constellation groups and each modulation uses another one of the constellation groups. The communications device includes at least one scalable interleaver unit, wherein each interleaver unit is assigned to one of the constellation groups and interleaves the assignment of data bits mapped to each constellation group and the sub-carriers that carry a symbol information derived from the data bits. As an example, the interleaver unit performs frequency interleaving by interleaving, at constellation level, the sub-carriers that carry the symbol information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting uplink control information in a wireless communication system. A method for transmitting uplink control information in a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a step of repetition coding information bit of N-bit to generate an encoded bit; and a step of transmitting the encoded bit via a physical uplink shared channel, wherein bit inversion can be applied to the bit obtained by repeating the information bit of N-bit, on the basis of the number 1 contained in the information bit of N-bit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for crosstalk channel estimation based on a measured signal-to-noise (SNR) of a loaded line. The method for channel estimation includes: loading, on a newly added line K, a combination of K?1 signals sent on lines 1 to K?1; obtaining a measured SNR of the line K loaded with the combination of the K?1 signals sent on the lines 1 to K?1; and calculating crosstalk channels of the line K according to K?1 coefficients of the K?1 signals sent on the lines 1 to K?1 and the measured SNR. Embodiments of the present invention may be used for relevant network communications systems such as xDSL systems.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus includes multiple antennas between which an antenna interval is variable; and a transmitter that transmits a pilot signal using an antenna selected from among the antennas and based on a correlation value representing correlation between the antennas.

Abstract: A method provides mixed analog/digital beamforming by a transmitter in a mobile communication system. The method includes converting a modulation symbol into a parallel symbol stream, performing digital beamforming on the parallel symbol stream, performing an IFFT operation on the digital-beamformed parallel symbol stream to generate a time-domain symbol, converting the IFFT-operated time-domain symbol into a serial time-domain symbol, inserting a CP into the serial time-domain symbol, performing a DAC operation on the CP-inserted symbol to generate an analog signal, and performing analog beamforming by multiplying the analog signal by the analog beamforming precoder optimized for the first subcarrier transmitted through at least one RF channel.

Abstract: The present solution relates to a method in a base station (110) for generating radio frequency. The base station (110) comprises a base station unit (125) connected to a tower mounted amplifier (122) via a feeder (127). A signal from the base station unit (125) is received, via a serial interface over the feeder (127), in the tower mounted amplifier (122). A frequency reference signal is extracted from the received signal. The extracted frequency reference signal is provided to a radio frequency synthesizer (210). The radio frequency synthesizer (210) is comprised in the tower mounted amplifier (122). A radio frequency is generated in the radio frequency synthesizer (210) using the extracted reference signal.

Abstract: Methods and systems of analyzing an operating environment of wireless communication equipment in a wireless communication system are provided. A stimulus in the operating environment at a location of the wireless communication equipment is sensed and linearly expanded in Slepian sequences using a multitaper spectral estimation procedure. A singular value decomposition is performed on the linearly expanded stimulus, and a singular value of the linearly expanded stimulus provides an estimate of interference at the location of the wireless communication equipment.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods and systems of synchronizing a receiver to a desired signal are disclosed. One method includes obtaining synchronization information of an interfering signal, and adjusting an out-of-band response of a receiver filter based at least in part on the synchronization information of the interfering signal, wherein the in-band response of the receiver filter is determined by frequency components of the desired signal.

Abstract: A coding scheme selection unit outputs bits of a signal in a past reception to a second coding unit and outputs bits of a retransmission signal to a third coding unit. The second coding unit decodes bits. The third coding unit codes bits with a different constraint length from a constraint length in the second coding unit.

Abstract: A two stage adaptive filter for use in a batch receiver includes an equalizer filter having as inputs an acquired signal representing a batch of data points and an equalizer filter value. The filtered signal is batch processed to produce reference and data symbols, which symbols are input to a residual filter to generate iteratively over the batch an error value. The error value is convolved with the equalizer filter value to produce a new equalizer filter value for use by the equalizer filter when a next batch of data points is processed.

Abstract: In described embodiments, a variety of down-sampling techniques are employed to generate a more constrained set of floating-tap positions when compared to floating-tap Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE) architectures that allow unconstrained IT resolution or separated floating-tap positions. Down-sampling is employed to constrain the floating-tap positions rather than positions occurring with IT resolution or spacing. Two broad down-sampling techniques, phase pruning and phase amalgamation, are applied to a variety of exemplary DFE implementations. Although the tap positions are more constrained, the architectures select floating-tap positions containing dominant reflection inter-symbol interference (ISI) terms.

Abstract: A method for enhancing compression and transmission process of a screen image that is generated by at least one application program that is running on a processing device is provided herein. The screen image is streamed from the processing device to a remote display. The method is utilizing in real time hint data from said application programs and the operating system. The hint data include: (i) usage of data device resources (per application); (ii) usage characteristics of an application image; (iii) application layout data; or (iv) application type. Then, using retrieved windows' layout design information of all windows that appear at the image screen from a windows manager and hint data to determine compression and transmission techniques of at least a part of an application program that is displayed on the screen image by applying predefined rules based on aggregated hint data per application program.

Abstract: A system and method for virtualization of ambient environments in live video streaming are disclosed. In one embodiment, motion detection is performed to obtain motion information in a current frame in a live video stream. Further, a background model is computed using the motion information. Furthermore, background subtraction is performed using the background model to obtain foreground and background pixels for the current frame in the live video stream. In addition, the obtained foreground and background pixels are refined. Based on the obtained refined foreground and background pixels, a virtualized environment is generated for the current frame by substituting the background pixels. Moreover, the steps of pre-processing, performing, computing, refining, generating and encoding are repeated for a next frame in the live video stream.

Abstract: Methods for adapting the sliding window of sliding window-based error correcting codes based on the coding structure of a compressed media stream are disclosed. In one aspect, a sender packetizes each frame of a media stream to be sent to a receiver into a set of frame packets. The sender also determines compression dependence of each frame and adapts a sliding window of a sliding window-based error correcting code based on the compression dependence of the frame. The sender encodes the frame packets into at least one associated parity packet according to the error correcting code with the adapted sliding window, and sends the frame packets and the at least one associated parity packet to the receiver.

Abstract: A video encoding device includes a re-encoding picture type judgment unit which judges whether a picture is to be taken as a reference picture or not in a subsequent re-encoding process, and a refresh unit sets no refreshed unit area in the picture when the picture is judged by the re-encoding picture type judgment unit to be taken as a non-reference picture in the subsequent re-encoding process, but sets, when the picture is judged to be taken as a reference picture, a refreshed unit area in the picture to be taken as a reference picture so as to include an area corresponding to a refreshed unit area which should have been set in a picture to be taken as a non-reference picture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to block-wise coding and decoding of a video signal including at least two color components. The first component is coded by using prediction and the second component is segmented to different parts used for its coding according to the prediction error.

Abstract: A streaming appliance having an internal quantizer is disclosed so that the bit rate of a streamed video can be adjusted based on the current conditions of a link between the streaming appliance and one or more target devices.

Abstract: The coded block parameters used to code blocks of image samples into structures called macroblocks are compressed more efficiently by exploiting the correlation between chrominance and luminance blocks in each macroblock. In particular, the coded block pattern for chrominance and luminance are combined into a single parameter for the macroblock and jointly coded with a single variable length code. To further enhance coding efficiency, the spatial coherence of coded block patterns can be exploited by using spatial prediction to compute predicted values for coded block pattern parameters.

Abstract: A video encoding apparatus includes a candidate block type configuration unit for configuring block type candidates for encoding an image by using variable sized macroblocks; a video encoder for encoding an input image for each block type candidate; and a block type determiner for determining a block type based on encoding costs by the block type candidate, and generating a bitstream including image data encoded by the determined block type and information for the determined block type. Determining the block type to match the image characteristics enables combinations of diverse modes such as a large block and macroblock size, a minimum subblock size, available divisional block type, prediction mode type within a macroblock, and so on to achieve more effective encoding and decoding of high resolution images.

Abstract: Provided is an image encoding apparatus including a characteristic quantity generation unit that generates a characteristic quantity showing a correlation between pictures for each candidate of a reference picture, with a first viewpoint picture different in time direction from the first viewpoint picture and a second viewpoint picture different from the first viewpoint picture being set as the candidates of the reference picture, and a reference picture list generation unit that generates a reference picture list by selecting as many reference pictures for the first viewpoint picture as the reference pictures for the second viewpoint picture from the candidates of the reference pictures based on the characteristic quantity.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receives a prediction unit (PU) for a coding unit (CU) of video content. The PU is partitionable into a plurality of PU partition types. The method determines a PU partition type for the PU and a residual tree structure based on the PU partition type for partitioning of the CU into transform units (TUs). The residual tree includes a binary partition of a node into two. A TU partition for the PU partition type is determined based on the residual tree structure and a desired level of partitioning in the residual tree structure. The method then uses the TU partition in a transform operation.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for performing real time video/audio encoding on a single chip. Within the single chip, a video encoder generates encoded video data from uncompressed video data and an audio encoder generates encoded audio data from uncompressed audio data. A mux processor within the single chip generates an output stream of encoded data from the encoded video data and the encoded audio data.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a processing method for accessing a spatio-temporal part of a compressed video sequence, as well as an associated device. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining a request for access to the part by identifying a temporal section defined between initial and final times of the initial and final spatial regions—different from the initial region of the sequence at the initial and final times; decomposing the access request into a plurality of elementary requests for access to a video fragment, each elementary request identifying a fixed spatial region to extract in a temporal sub-interval of the temporal section; and exploiting at least one elementary request to access video fragments constituting the part to access.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing an image divided into blocks of pixels comprising the steps of: detecting, for each block, a largest sub-block whose pixels have an equal luminance value; identifying, for each block, if the detected largest sub-block is or is not a natural texture; calculating, for each block, a weighted luminance difference between the detected largest sub-block and neighboring pixels; determining, for each block, a block blockiness level on the basis of the number of pixels within the detected largest sub-block, of said identification step and of said weighted luminance difference; and processing the image on the basis of the block blockiness levels.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for performing intra-prediction using an adaptive filter. The method for performing intra-prediction comprises the steps of: determining whether or not to apply a first filter for a reference pixel value on the basis of information of a neighboring block of a current block; applying the first filter for the reference pixel value when it is determined to apply the first filter; performing intra-prediction on the current block on the basis of the reference pixel value; determining whether or not to apply a second filter for a prediction value according to each prediction mode of the current block, which is predicted by the intra-prediction performance on the basis of the information of the neighboring block; and applying the second filter for the prediction value according to each prediction mode of the current block when it is determined to apply the second filter.

Abstract: Coding schemes for coding a spatially sampled information signal using sub-division and coding schemes for coding a sub-division or a multitree structure are described, wherein representative embodiments relate to picture and/or video coding applications.