Abstract: A process for producing dichloropropanol by subjecting glycerol to a reaction with a chlorinating agent in the presence of a carboxylic acid catalyst to produce dichloropropanol, where the carboxylic acid is selected from mono carboxylic acids containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms, dicarboxylic acids selected from glutaric acid and adipic acid, and poly carboxylic acids selected from tri- and tetra-carboxylic acids.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel synthesis's for obtaining a protecting group aminoxy PEG-6 linker from cost effective, and readily available starting materials and chemicals or modified polyethylene glycols. More specifically, a novel synthesis of obtaining a modified Boc-protected aminoxy PEG-6 linker was achieved so that said linker may be attached to a vector such as a peptide based fragment.

Abstract: A catalyst composition/system can include: a platinum catalyst metal (Pt) and/or rhenium catalyst metal (Re) on a first support; and a ruthenium catalyst metal (Ru) and/or rhenium catalyst metal (Re) on a second support or a platinum catalyst metal (Pt) and a ruthenium catalyst metal (Ru) and/or a rhenium catalyst metal (Re) on the same support. The Pt:Ru, Re:Pt and/or Re:Ru weight ratio can be between about 1:4 and about 4:1. The support can be alumina, carbon, silica, a zeolite, TiO2, ZrO2 or another suitable material. The first and second support can be on the same support structure or on different support structures. In one option, the first and second supports can be positioned such that the Pt and/or Re are capable of catalyzing a dehydrogenation and/or reforming reaction that produces hydrogen and the Ru and/or Re are capable of catalyzing a hydrogenolysis reaction.

Abstract: Improvements in previously disclosed methods of and apparatuses for converting alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics to olefins, alcohols, ethers, and aldehydes includes: safety improvements, use of alternative feedstocks, process simplification, improvements to the halogenation step, improvements to the reproportionation step, improvements to the solid oxide reaction, improvements to solid oxide regeneration, improvements in separations, maintenance, start-up, shut-down, and materials of construction.

Abstract: A continuous process of preparing bromopicrin is disclosed. The process is effected by transferring a continuous flow of a first mixture and a continuous flow of a second mixture into a first reactor, the first mixture containing nitromethane and bromine and the second mixture containing an aqueous solution of an alkaline substance, to thereby obtain a reaction mixture which comprises bromopicrin in said first reactor; and collecting the bromopicrin from the reaction mixture. Highly pure bromopicrin obtained by this process is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. By using an isothermal reactor with multiple input ports for aqueous nitric acid, a hydrocarbon feedstock may be sequentially exposed to a plurality of flows of aqueous nitric acid as it flows through the reactor.

Abstract: A process for the production of dichlorotrifluoroethane is described. The process comprises reacting perchloroethylene with hydrogen fluoride (HF) at elevated temperature in the vapour phase in at least one reactor in the presence of a fluorination catalyst. The process is operated so that 30 weight % or more of the perchloroethylene reactant that is fed to the at least one reactor remains unreacted having passed through the or each reactor. The dichlorotrifluoroethane may be purified and then used as it is or used to prepare pentafluoroethane.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for producing 1,2,3,4 -tetrachlorohexafluorobutane industrially inexpensively and efficiently by utilizing expensive fluorine gas efficiently and to provide a process which is capable of stably producing 1,2,3,4 -tetrachlorohexafluorobutane and in which, by carrying out fluorination reaction at a low temperature, side reactions such as formation of a low-boiling substance due to cleavage of C—C bonds and formation of an excess fluoride are difficult to occur. The process for producing 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorohexafluorobutane of the present invention is characterized in that it includes feeding fluorine gas to 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutane using plural reactors in the presence of a solvent and in the absence of a catalyst to allow the 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobutane and the fluorine gas to react with each other, wherein a part or all of unreacted fluorine gas discharged from one reactor is introduced into a reactor different from said one reactor.

Abstract: A method comprising: providing a first halogen stream; providing a first alkane stream; reacting at least a portion of the first halogen stream with at least a portion of the first alkane stream in a first reaction vessel to form a first halogenated stream; providing a second alkane stream comprising C2 and higher hydrocarbons; providing a second halogen stream; and reacting at least a portion of the second halogen stream with at least a portion of the second alkane stream in a second reaction vessel to form a second halogenated stream.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for producing olefin product from an oxygenate feed that includes dimethyl ether (DME). The process uses an olefin forming catalyst that contains a porous crystalline material, preferably a porous crystalline aluminosilicate molecular sieve material. The process produces high quantities of light olefin (i.e., ethylene, propylene, and mixtures thereof).

Abstract: The invention involves a process for converting an oxygenate-containing feed into an olefin-containing product comprising: (a) providing a co-catalyst oxide of a metal from Groups 2-4 of the Periodic Table of Elements, Lanthanides, Actinides, and combinations thereof, (b) contacting the metal oxide with nitromethane under conditions sufficient for the nitromethane to adsorb onto the metal oxide; (c) analyzing the nitromethane-adsorbed metal oxide using NMR to determine a basic site density of the metal oxide; (d) providing a catalyst system comprising a primary catalyst comprising aluminosilicates, aluminophosphates, silicoaluminophosphates, and metal-containing derivatives and combinations thereof, and the co-catalyst metal oxide whose basic site density is ?0.

Abstract: The invention is a method for processing a mixture containing water, 3-methyl-1-butane and at least one other methylbutene. The method comprises primary distillation of the mixture, giving a gaseous primary overhead product containing methylbutene and water and a water-free primary bottom product containing 3-methyl-1-butene; condensation of the gaseous primary overhead product so as to give a condensate comprising a liquid aqueous phase and a liquid organic phase; separation of the condensate into a liquid aqueous phase and a liquid organic phase; discharge of the liquid aqueous phase; recirculation of the organic phase to the primary distillation; and finally secondary distillation of the water-free primary bottom product from the primary distillation so as to give a secondary overhead product comprising 3-methyl-1-butene and a secondary bottom product. The secondary overhead product obtained has a purity which enables it to be used directly as monomer or comonomer for preparing polymers or copolymers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system, method and apparatus for providing additional radiation shielding to a container holding radioactive materials. In one aspect, the invention is an apparatus that includes a tubular shell constructed of a gamma radiation absorbing material and having an inner surface that forms a cavity having an axis, the cavity having an open top end and an open bottom end; a plurality of spacers extending from the inner surface of the shell toward the axis of the cavity, the spacers extending a first height from the inner surface of the tubular shell; and one or more flange members located at or near the open top end of the cavity extending from the tubular shell toward the axis of the cavity, the flange member extending a second height from the inner surface of the shell, the second height being greater than the first height.

Abstract: Presented herein are compositions including a linear tenso-active surfactant which, upon contact and mechanical stirring of a hydrocarbon body, induces emulsification, resulting in oxidation of fatty acid aliphatic bodies. The compositions solve the problem of hydrocarbon pollution. The hydrocarbon decomposer and its by-products dissolve hydrocarbons present in polluted bodies such as clays, soils, water and sand. Methods of the invention create a residue that is a fertilizer, at room temperature and with no need for high pressure.

Abstract: Under one aspect, an apparatus includes a primary dressing configured for application over a region of compromised skin and including fluid-absorbing material; and a secondary dressing configured for application over the primary dressing. The secondary dressing applies pressure to the primary dressing so as to maintain the primary dressing in place over the region of compromised skin and promote the flow of fluid from the region of compromised skin into the fluid-absorbing material, and allows moisture in the fluid to evaporate from the fluid-absorbing material. Under another aspect, a dressing includes a fabric layer sized to cover a region of compromised skin; a foam layer secured to the fabric layer and having an aperture defined therein sized to cover the region of compromised skin; and a biocompatible adhesive layer disposed on the foam layer. Methods of applying the dressing also are provided.

Abstract: A three-dimensional film for use as an acquisition distribution layer in an absorbent article comprising a first surface with drains extending downward from the first surface, the drains being capable of transmitting fluid by gravity; and protrusions extending upward from the first surface to an upper surface with at least one capillary extending downward from the upper surface, the capillaries being capable of transmitting fluid in contact with the upper surface by capillary action. The drains rapidly transmit fluid through the film, particularly fluid that is dynamically-deposited. The capillaries transmit statically-retained fluid that is in contact with the upper surface of the protrusions.

Abstract: The genome sequences and the nucleotide sequences coding for the PWD circovirus polypeptides, such as the circovirus structural and non-structural polypeptides, vectors including the sequences, and cells and animals transformed by the vectors are provided. Methods for detecting the nucleic acids or polypeptides, and kits for diagnosing infection by a PWD circovirus, also are provided. Method for selecting compounds capable of modulating the viral infection are further provided. Pharmaceutical, including vaccine, compositions for preventing and/or treating viral infections caused by PWD circovirus and the use of vectors for preventing and/or treating diseases also are provided.

Abstract: Isolated nucleic acid fragments comprising precursor miRNA, and artificial miRNAs and their use in down-regulating gene expression are described.

Abstract: The present invention has incorporated a non-lethal negative selectable marker gene into the vector backbone DNA of a DNA plasmid used to transform plant cells. These transgenes are designed to express a non-lethal gene product in plant cells that contain the vector backbone DNA of the DNA plasmid. The gene products of the non-lethal negative selectable marker gene are involved in plant hormone biosynthesis pathways, plant hormone substrate diversion, plant hormone degradation, plant hormone signaling or metabolic interference. The use of these DNA plasmids to transform plant cells provides for the enhanced production of commercially viable plants.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of the pea line designated EX 08570956. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pea line EX 08570956, and to methods for producing a pea plant produced by crossing a plant of pea line EX 08570956 with itself or with another pea plant, such as a plant of another line. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of a plant of pea line EX 08570956, including the seed, pod, and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of the pea line designated DLSC7V0955. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pea line DLSC7V0955, and to methods for producing a pea plant produced by crossing a plant of pea line DLSC7V0955 with itself or with another pea plant, such as a plant of another line. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of a plant of pea line DLSC7V0955, including the seed, pod, and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: The invention relates to the soybean variety designated A1024626. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety A1024626. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety A1024626 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety A1024626 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to the soybean variety designated A1024629. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety A1024629. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety A1024629 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety A1024629 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to the soybean variety designated A1024630. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety A1024630. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety A1024630 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety A1024630 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Abstract: The invention relates to the soybean variety designated A1024631. Provided by the invention are the seeds, plants and derivatives of the soybean variety A1024631. Also provided by the invention are tissue cultures of the soybean variety A1024631 and the plants regenerated therefrom. Still further provided by the invention are methods for producing soybean plants by crossing the soybean variety A1024631 with itself or another soybean variety and plants produced by such methods.

Abstract: A novel soybean variety, designated XB07Y11 is provided. Also provided are the seeds of soybean variety XB07Y11, cells from soybean variety XB07Y11, plants of soybean XB07Y11, and plant parts of soybean variety XB07Y11. Methods provided include producing a soybean plant by crossing soybean variety XB07Y11 with another soybean plant, methods for introgressing a transgenic trait, a mutant trait, and/or a native trait into soybean variety XB07Y11, methods for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derived from soybean variety XB07Y11, and methods of characterizing soybean variety XB07Y11. Soybean seed, cells, plants, germplasm, breeding lines, varieties, and plant parts produced by these methods and/or derived from soybean variety XB07Y11 are further provided.

Abstract: A soybean cultivar designated 07115150 is disclosed. The invention relates to the seeds of soybean cultivar 07115150, to the plants of soybean cultivar 07115150, to the plant parts of soybean cultivar 07115150, and to methods for producing progeny of soybean cultivar 07115150. The invention also relates to methods for producing a soybean plant containing in its genetic material one or more transgenes and to the transgenic soybean plants and plant parts produced by those methods. The invention also relates to soybean cultivars or breeding cultivars, and plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 07115150. The invention also relates to methods for producing other soybean cultivars, lines, or plant parts derived from soybean cultivar 07115150, and to the soybean plants, varieties, and their parts derived from use of those methods. The invention further relates to hybrid soybean seeds, plants, and plant parts produced by crossing cultivar 07115150 with another soybean cultivar.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid BS02828008 and the parent lines thereof. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid BS02828008 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid PS11423700 and the parent lines thereof, such as pepper line HPA 114-1047. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid PS11423700 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid PS16364674 and the parent lines thereof. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid PS16364674 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: The invention provides seed and plants of pepper hybrid PS 16351609 and the parent lines thereof. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of pepper hybrid PS 16351609 and the parent lines thereof, and to methods for producing a pepper plant produced by crossing such plants with themselves or with another pepper plant, such as a plant of another genotype. The invention further relates to seeds and plants produced by such crossing. The invention further relates to parts of such plants, including the fruit and gametes of such plants.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated PHRC4 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprise crossing maize variety PHRC4 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into PHRC4 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. Hybrid maize seed, plant or plant part produced by crossing the variety PHRC4 or a locus conversion of PHRC4 with another maize variety.

Abstract: According to the invention, there is provided seed and plants of the hybrid corn variety designated CH467170. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of the variety CH467170, and to methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing a corn plant of variety CH467170 with itself or with another corn plant, such as a plant of another variety. The invention further relates to genetic complements of plants of variety CH467170.

Abstract: According to the invention, there is provided seed and plants of the hybrid corn variety designated CH956667. The invention thus relates to the plants, seeds and tissue cultures of the variety CH956667, and to methods for producing a corn plant produced by crossing a corn plant of variety CH956667 with itself or with another corn plant, such as a plant of another variety. The invention further relates to genetic complements of plants of variety CH956667.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated X03A194 and seed, plants and plant parts thereof, produced by crossing Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize varieties. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprises crossing hybrid maize variety X03A194 with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into X03A194 through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. This invention relates to the maize variety X03A194, the seed, the plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and minor modifications of maize variety X03A194. This invention further relates to methods for producing maize varieties derived from maize variety X03A194.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated PHNDE and seed, plants and plant parts thereof. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprise crossing maize variety PHNDE with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into PHNDE through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. Hybrid maize seed, plant or plant part produced by crossing the variety PHNDE or a locus conversion of PHNDE with another maize variety.

Abstract: A novel maize variety designated PHEMW and seed, plants and plant parts thereof. Methods for producing a maize plant that comprise crossing maize variety PHEMW with another maize plant. Methods for producing a maize plant containing in its genetic material one or more traits introgressed into PHEMW through backcross conversion and/or transformation, and to the maize seed, plant and plant part produced thereby. Hybrid maize seed, plant or plant part produced by crossing the variety PHEMW or a locus conversion of PHEMW with another maize variety.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fabrication method of a metal nanoplate using metal, metal halide or a mixture thereof as a precursor. The single crystalline metal nanoplate is fabricated on a single crystalline substrate by performing heat treatment on a precursor including metal, metal halide or a mixture thereof and placed at a front portion of a reactor and the single crystalline substrate placed at a rear portion of the reactor under an inert gas flowing condition. A noble metal nanoplate of several micrometers in size can be fabricated using a vapor-phase transport process without any catalyst. The fabricated nanoplate is a single crystalline metal nanoplate having high crystallinity, high purity and not having a two-dimensional defect. Morphology and orientation of the metal nanoplate with respect to the substrate can be controlled by controlling a surface direction of the single crystalline substrate. The metal nanoplate of several micrometer size is mass-producible.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn to a percussion instrument or drum, having an “elbow” shaped tubular body which curves through an approximate 90 degree angle with the head of the drum.

Abstract: It is disclosed a device for dampening vibrations that ma propagate from a percussion instrument to percussion instrument stands comprising a mounting holder (3) for the percussion instrument, sad mounting holder (3) being anchored in an elastic/resilient and vibration-dampening material (2), said elastic/resilient and vibration-dampening material (2) being carried by a casing/sheath (4), said casing/sheath (4) being connected to or being attachable to a stand.

Abstract: A computer implemented method allows a user to adjust tracks in a musical arrangement. The method involves a user selecting a musical position of an audio track, which the user desires to adjust in time, either by compressing it or expanding it, by indicating with a pointing device, such as a mouse, the position in the time line of the audio track that the user wishes to alter. A first marker is then displayed at the selected musical position in the audio track. Boundary markers defining transients in the audio signal surrounding the selected musical position are then automatically generated by analysis of the audio signal, and are displayed on the audio track. The two boundary markers define an audio segment that is to be adjusted in tempo by the user moving the first marker along the time line.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a digital instrument are described, for example to simulate or be used in conjunction with a stringed instrument. A sensor system detects the location of one or more fingers or objects at selected locations on a playing surface of the instrument, and the detected locations are combined with information indicative of one or more strings being played to generate a digital signal containing information as to the notes being played.

Abstract: A magnetic pickup for a stringed musical instrument has one or more composite ferromagnetic pole pieces. The composite pole pieces have two or more components with different ferromagnetic materials properties in fixed and contiguous positions. The tonal properties of the pickup are partially determined by the materials and arrangement of the components and are variable over a wide parameter space. Pickups with composite pole pieces and methods for reconfiguring pickup with monolithic pole pieces are described.

Abstract: A solar cell having an open loop voltage that approaches a critical voltage range when exposed to light. A circuit, connected to the solar cell, is configured to load the solar cell when the open loop voltage of the solar cell reaches a threshold within a predetermined range of the critical voltage range.

Abstract: A Photoelectrochemical Photovoltaic Panel (PPP) comprising a number of individual substrates (1) and shared substrates (2), wherein: the substrates are electrical conductors or at least partially coated by an electrical conductor (3); at least one substrate is optically transparent; between the shared substrate (2) and the individual substrates (1) there are Photoelectrochemical Photovoltaic Cells, each comprising a photosensitive electrode, a counter electrode and an electrolyte.

Abstract: An optical device including a metamaterial layer having a negative index of refraction for at least one wavelength in the visible range of 400-700 nm, a photovoltaic cell, and an optical waveguide arranged between the metamaterial layer and the photovoltaic cell. The optical waveguide has a first face and second face arranged opposite the first face, the first face having a larger area than the second face, the metamaterial layer positioned at the first face of the optical waveguide and the photovoltaic cell positioned at the second face of the optical waveguide. The optical device can be a solar collector. The optical waveguide can have a trapezoidal cross section, with the side faces of the waveguide having an angle of tilt sufficient to ensure total internal reflection for all incidence angles within the metamaterial's acceptance cone.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating dimensional silica-based substrates or structures comprising a porous silicon layers are contemplated. According to one embodiment, oxygen is extracted from the atomic elemental composition of a silica glass substrate by reacting a metallic gas with the substrate in a heated inert atmosphere to form a metal-oxygen complex along a surface of the substrate. The metal-oxygen complex is removed from the surface of the silica glass substrate to yield a crystalline porous silicon surface portion and one or more additional layers are formed over the crystalline porous silicon surface portion of the silica glass substrate to yield a dimensional silica-based substrate or structure comprising the porous silicon layer. Embodiments are also contemplated where the substrate is glass-based, but is not necessarily a silica-based glass substrate. Additional embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: Methods for fabrication of copper delafossite materials include a low temperature sol-gel process for synthesizing CuBO2 powders, and a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process for forming thin films of CuBO2, using targets made of the CuBO2 powders. The CuBO2 thin films are optically transparent p-type semiconductor oxide thin films. Devices with CuBO2 thin films include p-type transparent thin film transistors (TTFT) comprising thin film CuBO2 as a channel layer and thin film solar cells with CuBO2 p-layers. Solid state dye sensitized solar cells (SS-DSSC) comprising CuBO2 in various forms, including “core-shell” and “nano-couple” particles, and methods of manufacture, are also described.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device having a laminated structure includes: an anodized substrate constituted by a metal substrate mainly containing aluminum and an anodized film formed on the metal substrate; a lower electrode mainly containing molybdenum; a semiconductor photoelectric conversion layer generating current when absorbing light; an upper electrode; a metal supply layer being formed in contact with or inside the lower electrode, containing an alkali and/or alkaline earth metal element, and supplying the alkali and/or alkaline earth metal element to the photoelectric conversion layer during formation of the photoelectric conversion layer; and a diffusion barrier layer being conductive and formed between the anodized substrate and the metal supply layer in contact with the lower electrode and/or the metal supply layer or inside the lower electrode, and suppressing diffusion, into the anodized substrate, of the alkali and/or alkaline earth metal element from the metal supply layer.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized photoelectric converter with enhanced light absorptance and photoelectric conversion efficiency is provided. The dye-sensitized photoelectric converter includes a transparent substrate (e.g., glass), a (negative) electrode composed of a transparent conductive layer such as FTO (fluorine-doped tin(IV) oxide SnO2), a semiconductor layer holding multiple types of photosensitizing dyes, an electrolyte layer, a counter (positive) electrode, a counter substrate, and a sealing medium (not illustrated). In some embodiments, the multiple types of photosensitizing dyes have minimum excitation energies that are different from one another. In some embodiments, the multiple types of dyes have steric configurations that are different relative to one another.