Abstract: Precursor layers and methods of forming Group IBIIIAVIA solar cell absorbers with bandgap grading using such precursor layers are described. The Group IBIIIAVIA absorber includes a top surface with a Ga/(Ga+In) molar ratio in the range of 0.1-0.3. The Group IBIIIAVIA solar cell absorber is formed by reacting the layers of a multilayer material structure which includes a metallic film including Cu, In and Ga formed on a base, a layer of Se formed on the metallic film, and a second metallic layer substantially including Ga formed on the layer of Se.

Abstract: Alien crosstalk suppression cores are used to decrease alien crosstalk in communications channels. Electrical communication cables may be provided with alien crosstalk suppression cores. The alien crosstalk suppression cores, which may be ferrite suppression cores, are placed separately on some or all of the twisted pairs within a communication cable. The alien crosstalk suppression cores reduce ANEXT and AFEXT in high-frequency communications when communication cables are installed near one another. Alien crosstalk suppression cores may also be incorporated into other communication channel components, such as on a PCB within a communication jack.

Abstract: An electrical enclosure includes a first part and a second part together forming a body. The body has an inner surface and an outer surface that are separated on opposing surfaces of the body. An outer junction is adjacent the outer surface of the body and an inner junction adjacent the inner surface of the body. Conductive pass-throughs that are at least partially contained within the body electrically couple the inner and outer junctions. An external conductor routing high-voltage from a high-voltage source in the building structure is coupled to the outer junction and mechanically fixed thereto, enclosed by a cover engaging the outer surface sufficiently to provide fire protection and prevent degradation, and such that no portion of the external conductor passes through the body into the inner surface. The second part is removable through the first part thereby providing access to the outer junction through the first part.

Abstract: An air seal device having a housing with a passageway, a core body that is configured to fit tightly within the passageway to restrict air flow through the passageway and to seal the interface between the core body and the housing, and a top ring that locks to the housing and engages and compresses the core body within the housing. The core body has a slit extending vertically therethrough that allows an elongated member or members to pass through the core body while providing an airtight interface between the member or members and the slit of the core body.

Abstract: An electrical box including at least four sides extending from a bottom to an open top and at least two device securing protrusions each having an aperture adjacent to each of at least two sides, each device securing aperture including an opening extending toward the open top of the electrical box, at least one mounting slot within one of the at least four sides, a mounting screw extending through the at least one mounting slot and adapted to secure the electrical box to a stud, and wherein the mounting screw is manipulated from within the open top and permits movement of the electrical box relative to the stud when the mounting screw is at least partially disengaged.

Abstract: A wrap-around cable sleeve assembly for environmentally sealing a cable section includes a wrap-around sleeve and a cable mastic patch. The wrap-around sleeve has a longitudinally extending portion and opposed first and second longitudinal edges. The longitudinally extending portion defines a portion of a cable chamber extending around the cable section when the wrap-around sleeve is wrapped around the cable section. The cable mastic patch is disposed on an interior surface of the longitudinally extending portion and extends transversely across the longitudinally extending portion. The cable mastic patch is configured and positioned to engage the cable section and form a continuous environmental circumferential seal about the cable section when the wrap-around sleeve is wrapped around the cable section.

Abstract: A multilayer circuit substrate includes: a laminated circuit portion in which conductive layers and resin insulating layers are alternately laminated; and a metal substrate portion, wherein the laminated circuit portion is fixed to the metal substrate portion so that at least part of a lower surface of the laminated circuit portion is in contact with at least part of an upper surface of the metal substrate portion. An electronic component is mounted on the metal substrate portion.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an electrode of a biosensor, a manufacturing method thereof, and a biosensor thereof. The electrode of the biosensor comprises a flexible insulation layer, a resin layer, a first metal layer, a second metal layer, a third metal layer and a fourth metal layer. The resin layer is disposed between the flexible insulating layer and the first metal layer. The second metal layer is disposed between the first metal layer and the third metal layer, and the fourth metal layer is disposed on the third metal layer. The material of the first metal layer comprises copper foil. The material of the second metal layer comprises palladium. The material of the third metal layer comprises nickel, and the material of the fourth metal layer comprises gold or palladium. The electrode further comprises a biological active substance immobilized on the surface of the plurality of metal layers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-layer laminate or substrate manufacturing process for forming soldering surfaces on a substrate of a module without requiring a solder mask. In one embodiment, a substrate is provided having a substrate body, soldering pads, and a metal segment. A patterned mask is formed over the substrate such that soldering surfaces of the soldering pads remain exposed. The soldering surfaces of the soldering pads are plated to create plated soldering surfaces over the soldering pads. The plated soldering surfaces are the regions for solder placement. The patterned mask is then removed from the substrate. Next, an anti-wetting treatment is applied to the substrate such that any unplated metal surfaces react to the anti-wetting treatment to form treated surfaces. As such, the plated soldering surfaces will wet solder while the treated surface will not wet solder. In a preferred embodiment, the anti-wetting treatment is an oxidation process.

Abstract: A panel for an electromagnetic shield includes a light-weight, porous, electrically-conductive, fluid-permeable planar core layer defined between generally parallel first and second surfaces and a first face sheet laminated to the first surface of the core layer with rigidity properties superior to the rigidity properties of the core layer. The thickness of the first face sheet is substantially less than the thickness of the core layer. The core layer is made of metallic foam or a metal coating on an electrically-nonconductive, porous, nonmetallic substrate chosen from among nonwoven fibrous matting, paper, and open-cell nonmetallic foam. Also, the core layer may also may be made up of liberated branching metal nanostrands or a plurality of electrically-coupled, electrically-conductive particles, each taking the from of an electrically-nonconductive, nonmetallic substrate with a metal coating.

Abstract: A flat panel display module having anti-shock screw-tightening structure is provided. The flat panel display module includes a display panel, a flexible printed circuit, a printed circuit board, a back plate, a fastening element, and a flexible separator. The display panel has a signal connecting end. One end of the flexible printed circuit is electrically connected to the signal connecting end while the other end is electrically connected to the printed circuit board. The printed circuit board has a through hole. The back plate accommodates the display panel. The flexible printed circuit is disposed across the back plate so that the printed circuit board is parallel to the back plate. The fastening element which has a length greater than the thickness of the printed circuit board passes through the through hole and is secured to the surface of the back plate.

Abstract: A very small form factor consumer electronic product includes at least a single piece housing having an integral front and side walls that cooperate to form a cavity in cooperation with a front opening where an edge of the side walls define a rear opening and at least some of the edges have flanges. The consumer electronic product also includes an user input assembly having a size and shape in accordance with the front opening and a clip assembly having a size and shape in accordance with the rear opening and having an external user actionable clip, a plurality of internal hooking features, and a plurality of internal latching features. The clip assembly is secured by engaging at least some of the hooking features and the flanges on the edges of the housing and engaging the latching features and corresponding attachment features on the internal support plate.

Abstract: A connector assembly having a slot aperture retainer ring for securing a connector body to an electrical box, with a slot adapted to receive a common tool, such as a screwdriver, to facilitate removal of the retainer ring from inside the electrical box. In one embodiment, the slot of the retainer ring is aligned generally perpendicular to a center axis of the retainer ring. One or more inwardly bent preload fingers or tabs engage an outer surface of the connector body upon assembly. A connector assembly utilizing a shoulder structure to capture a wall portion of an electrical box is described wherein the wall portion is held between the shoulder structure and a stop flange with the shoulder structure resisting removal of the connector assembly from the electrical box.

Abstract: An electronic device comprises a main body and a stylus. The main body comprises a front cover, a conducting sheet, a conducting core, and a monitoring module. The front cover defines an elongated pocket. The conducting sheet is disposed in the elongated pocket. The conducting core is disposed in one end of the elongated pocket. The monitoring module electrically connected with the conducting sheet and the conducting core. The stylus received in the elongated pocket comprises an outer section, a conducting layer, and an inner section. The outer section comprises a tip and a stripped slot. The conducting layer is mounted on the stripped slot. The conducting layer is electrically connected with the tip. The inner section comprises a protrusion, the inner section is sleeved in the outer section, and the protrusion protrudes out of the second tube and slidably contacts with the conducts layer and the conducting sheet.

Abstract: An appliance timer operable in a selection mode and an operation mode includes a shaft assembly, a switch assembly, a cam device, a bi-directional motor, and a display device. The shaft assembly is operable to select an operation cycle and to drive the display device in the selection mode. The motor rotates in a first rotational direction and a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction in the operation mode. When the motor rotates in the first rotational direction, the motor drives the cam device to operate the switch assembly to actuate or deactivate a plurality of electrical circuits associated with a plurality of appliance functions. When the motor rotates in the second rotational direction, the motor drives the display device to indicate an operational status of the appliance. The rotation of the motor is controlled by a microprocessor.

Abstract: A multi-pole handle lock having a base plate and movable locking plate assembly that is adapted to mount on to at least two circuit breakers. A handle restrictor plate is mounted on the base plate for translational movement while maintaining the circuit breaker handles in the same position as each other. The handle restrictor plate allows each handle to independently move to the tripped position, while allowing the restricted circuit breakers to operate as a logical group. The low profile of the plates, allows visual inspection of the handle ends to determine their tie status.

Abstract: A vehicle switch unit includes a steering roll connector adapted to be mounted on a steering wheel for outputting a signal from the steering wheel to an exterior portion, a lever combination switch which is provided to a lower side of the steering roll connector for outputting a signal indicating an operation performed on a lever through a connector that is provided on a lower side of the lever combination switch, a steering angle sensor which is provided to a lower side of the lever combination switch and has a connector for outputting a signal indicating a rotating angle of the steering wheel, and a resin sleeve which is mounted on the steering roll connector for transmitting a rotation of the steering roll connector to the steering angle sensor.

Abstract: An operating mechanism for a centrifugal switch contains at least: a terminal box, a cover, a movable contact, a static contact, a swing arm, a reset elastic part, and a shifting fork. The movable contact and the static contact are disposed in the terminal box. The shifting fork operates to drive the swing arm to horizontally swing, whereby pushing the movable contact and implementing connection and disconnection between the movable contact and the static contact. The reset elastic part operates to automatically reset the shifting fork and the swing arm. The invention features reduced requirements for dimensional precision and installation precision of components, and low production cost, and is reliable and durable. In addition, the sliding force is uniformly stressed, which ensures accuracy of operation, easy installation, and high operating reliability.

Abstract: A rotary control assembly (200) for a handheld two-way radio (100) provides improved tactile feedback in the form of clicks, even during gloved usage. Assembly (200) includes a housing having a large control knob (108), a rotary switch control (202) having a shaft (204), a shaft extender (206) having a toothed gear element (210), and a ball plunger (302). As the control knob (108) is rotated, the shaft extender (206), toothed gear element (210) and shaft (204), all turn in cooperation. The toothed gear element (210) is loaded by the ball plunger thereby generating a clicking tactile feedback in response to the control knob (108) being rotated. A large control knob (108), suitable for a ruggedized environment, can thus be used in conjunction with a small rotary switch control (202) for improved tactile feedback while maximizing internal space efficiency.

Abstract: An electrical circuit breaker has a first contact piece which can be moved in a first movement range along a switching axis and has an arcing contact, a second contact piece which can move along the switching axis and which has a further arcing contact, a drive for moving the first contact piece and a gear for transferring the movement of the first contact piece to the second contact piece. The gear has a first dead point which is passed through on the output drive side by the gear during the movement of the first contact piece in the first movement range.

Abstract: Insulated vacuum switchgear and active switchgear elements therefor are provided with a rigid support structure mechanically isolating a vacuum insulator from axial loads in use without reinforcing or insulating encapsulations. At least one of the elastomeric insulating housing and the support structure directly contacts an outer surface of the insulator. Systems and methods for assembling the switchgear are also provided.

Abstract: A carrier link insulator electrically insulates a carrier drive link from an arc chamber in a circuit breaker.

Abstract: A discharge pulse control device cuts off a pulse width of the a discharge pulse being produced in a machining gap when a comparison result of a voltage level comparator indicates abnormal electrical discharge. Upon detection of abnormal electrical discharge based on comparison results of a high-frequency component comparator and the voltage level comparator, a quiescent period control unit constructed from a discharge pulse diagnosis device, a first pulse counter, a second pulse counter, and a quiescent pulse control device performs change setting of the quiescent period at the time of occurrence of abnormal electrical discharge and sends that information to the discharge pulse control device. Subsequently, the discharge pulse control device performs change control of the quiescent period at the time of occurrence of abnormal electrical discharge so that the discharge pulse and the quiescent time are optimally controlled.

Abstract: A method of monitoring and maintaining a weld cap which is executing successive resistance welds on a plurality of workpieces includes measuring a first weld indentation formed during a first resistance weld and measuring a second weld indentation formed during a second resistance weld. The measured first and second weld indentations are compared with a severe threshold. If either of the measured first or second weld indentations is greater than the severe threshold, an abnormal condition is signaled. The method may include tip dressing the weld cap based upon the signaled abnormal condition. The method may further include determining a degradation rate between the first resistance weld and the second resistance weld. The degradation rate is the time differential between the measured first and second weld indentations, and either a first or a second tip dressing schedule is chosen based upon the determined degradation rate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a clamping device for clamping at least two components (6, 7) in a radiation-protected machine tool, particularly in a laser welding device (1), comprising—a receptacle (18) for supporting the first component (6), —a clamping head (16) for applying a force to the second component (7) in order to generate clamping pressure at the joint surface (8, 9) between the two components (6, 7), —an inner clamping jaw (11) located within the peripheral beam path (10) of the machine tool, the jaw having a clamping surface (12) for internally clamping the components (6, 7), and—narrow connecting struts (15) for connecting the inner clamping jaw (11) to the external clamping head (16), said connecting struts (15) bridging the passage gap (7) in the clamping head (16) allowing access for the beam path (10) of the machine tool to the components (6, 7).

Abstract: A description is given of a modular laser processing system (10) for processing a workpiece (20) by means of a processing laser beam (14), which system has a multiplicity of functional modules (100) with a beam passage region (102) which can be connected to one another in series along a processing laser beam path, comprising a functional module (100) embodied as a fiber connection module (104) and serving for accommodating a fiber end from which the processing laser beam (14) emerges, and a functional module (100) embodied as a collimator module (106) and having a collimator lens (16a, 16b, 16c), which collimates the processing laser beam (14), wherein the collimator lens (16a, 16b, 16c) is selected from a group of collimator lenses having different focal lengths which correspond to a raster dimension (L1) or to an integer multiple thereof, characterized in that the length (A) of the beam passage region (102) of a functional module (100) along the processing laser beam path corresponds to the raster dimension

Abstract: Multiple beamlet laser beam delivery systems and methods may be used in laser machining systems and methods to machine multiple regions on a workpiece simultaneously. One embodiment of a laser machining system and method may be used, for example, to scribe one or more lines in large flat workpieces such as solar panels. In particular, laser machining systems and methods may be used to scribe lines in thin film photovoltaic (PV) solar panels with accuracy, high speed and reduced cost. The multiple beam delivery systems may be movable to scribe multiple lines simultaneously in the workpiece.

Abstract: In some embodiments, laser output including at least one laser pulse having a wavelength shorter than 400 microns and having a pulsewidth shorter than 1,000 picoseconds permits the number of pulses used to clean a bottom surface of a via or the surface of a solder pad to increase process throughput. An oscillator module in cooperation with an amplification module may be used to generate the laser output.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing substrate edges is disclosed that overcomes the limitations of conventional edge processing methods and systems used in semiconductor manufacturing. The edge processing method and apparatus of this invention includes a laser and fiber-optic system to direct laser radiation onto a rotating substrate supported by a chuck. A laser beam is transmitted into a bundle of optical fibers, and the fibers accurately and precisely direct the beam to remove or transform organic or inorganic films, film stacks, residues, or particles, in atmosphere, from the top edge, top bevel, apex, bottom bevel, and bottom edge of the substrate in a single process step. Reaction by-products are removed by means of an exhaust tube enveloping the reaction site. This invention permits precise control of an edge exclusion width, resulting in an increase in the number of usable die on a wafer.

Abstract: A heating resistance element component has a supporting substrate, an insulating film laminated on the supporting substrate, heating resistors arranged at intervals on the insulating film, a common wire connected to one end of each of the heating resistors, and individual wires each connected to another end of the each of the of heating resistors. A surface of the supporting substrate is formed with a first concave portion and a second concave portion. The first concave portion is arranged in a region opposed to heating portions of the heating resistors. The second concave portion is arranged at an interval in a vicinity of the first concave portion so that heat generated by the heating portions of the plurality of heating resistors is prevented from flowing into the supporting substrate.

Abstract: Apparatus for housing electronic components comprising a heated enclosure comprising a bottom, a top, three sides, a substantially open front and a heating element for transmitting heat to enclosure surfaces. Perforations are located in the heated enclosure to facilitate the passage of air from one side of the heated enclosure to the other. A plenum is connected to the perforations, the plenum being configured to transmit air between the outside and inside of the heated enclosure. Completing the apparatus as control electronics comprising a power source and temperature monitoring and feedback circuitry, and insulation covering a heated portion of the heated enclosure.

Abstract: An oven having one or more low-temperature self-cleaning modes has an interior cavity and at least two heating elements in the interior cavity. A sump is formed in the bottom wall of the cavity. The oven has an electronic control unit, which activates and deactivates the heating elements during operation of the low-temperature self-cleaning mode. The electronic control unit may disable an oven door lock during a low-temperature self-cleaning mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oven comprising a first chamber and a second chamber, which are separated by separation means, conveyor means for guiding products from the inlet through these chambers to the outlet, temperature control means for controlling the temperature in each chamber individually using a fluid, respectively, and means to adjust the flow distribution over the width of the conveyor means depending on at least one process parameter or recipe.

Abstract: A micro-heater according to example embodiments may include a metal line formed on a substrate. A deforming portion may be integrally formed as part of the metal line. A support may be positioned between the metal line and the substrate. The support may secure the metal line to the substrate while spacing the metal line apart from the substrate. When the metal line is expanded or compressed by the heating or cooling that occurs during the operation of the micro-heater, the deforming portion of the metal line may deform so as to help absorb the resulting tensile stress. As a result, the amount of tensile stress experienced by the metal line may be decreased. Accordingly, the possibility of breakage of the metal line may be reduced or prevented.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an induction heating device. The induction heating device comprises an induction coil and a frequency converter for producing a control voltage for the induction coil. The frequency converter comprises a rectifier rectifying an alternating supply voltage (UN), an intermediate circuit capacitor, looped in between output terminals of the rectifier and equalizing the rectified voltage (UG), and at least one controllable switching element, looped in between the output terminals of the rectifier. According to the invention, in a predetermined discharge interval (INT) before a zero crossing (ND) of the alternating supply voltage (UN), the intermediate circuit capacitor is discharged to a threshold value by controlling the at least one switching element before the induction coil is controlled in order to produce an adjustable heating capacity.

Abstract: An apparatus includes one or more magnetic cores collectively having an inner leg located between two outer legs. The legs are coupled to one or more connecting portions. The apparatus also includes one or more conductive coils wound around the inner leg. The one or more magnetic cores and the one or more conductive coils are configured to generate substantially balanced magnetic fluxes when the conductive coil is energized. Also, the one or more magnetic cores and the one or more conductive coils are configured so that heat created by currents induced in the roll by the magnetic fluxes produces a steady state thermal profile on a surface of the roll. The steady state thermal profile has one peak that falls within a control zone associated with the roll. The one or more magnetic cores could include a single magnetic core or multiple magnetic cores.

Abstract: A method for determining a location of a flying target included identifying and measuring the target by at least two seeker systems disposed at a distance from one another. The position of the target relative to at least one of the two seeker systems is determined from measurement data derived therefrom. The position of the target is measured inconspicuously and without active radiation, in that the seeker systems are data-networked, passive target tracking systems for missiles, which autonomously track the target and align the missile with the target. The measurement data determined by the data-networked seeker systems are combined, and the location of the target is determined from the combined data.

Abstract: Disclosed are a wing assembly including a wing movably accommodated in a launch tube, and a buffer unit detachably mounted to the wing to come in contact with the launch tube and configured to be separated from the wing after the wing comes out of an inner space of the launch tube, and an apparatus for launching a flying object having the same.

Abstract: A stabilizing fin deployment apparatus may include a base assembly for attachment to the rear end of a projectile. The base assembly may include a base, a spacer, a fin mount, a gas cavity and an opening that extends from the rear end of the base to the gas cavity. A retention nut may engage the base and secure the fin mount and spacer to the base. A retention plug may be disposed in the opening in the base assembly. The retention plug may include at least one gas conduit between an outer surface of the retention plug and the gas cavity. A retention bolt may extend through the retention plug and may be fixed to the base. A plurality of fins hubs may be rotatably fixed to the base. A plurality of fins may be translatably connected to the fin hubs. When deployed, the fin hubs may rotate forward and the fins may translate outward far into the airstream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for measuring defects of an imaging instrument with a sensor that is accurate, simple to produce and implement and inexpensive. According to the invention, this device comprising at least one second sensor, similar to the first, inclined relative thereto and imaging the same region as the first sensor, and a device for calculating the defocusing of each element of this other sensor.

Abstract: A laser beam control system includes an output aperture through which a laser beam is directed toward a target. A laser beam return is also received through the output aperture, with the laser beam return including scatter from the laser beam. A deformable mirror is adapted to control the outgoing laser beam, and a sensor is adapted to detect the wavefront of the laser beam return. An optics controller is operationally coupled to the deformable mirror and is adapted to adjust the deformable mirror in response to the wavefront of the laser beam return.

Abstract: Systems and methods include imaging optics having one or more optical elements for modifying a wavefront of electromagnetic energy incident thereon. The wavefront, modified by the optical elements, exhibits a non-monotonic wavefront phase profile. The imaging optics are characterized by a modulation transfer function that is substantially invariant over a range of misfocus. The system optionally includes a detector for receiving the electromagnetic energy from the imaging optics. A method of maintaining modulation transfer invariance over a range of misfocus in an optical imaging system includes modifying a wavefront of electromagnetic energy incident to the optical imaging system such that the wavefront exhibits a non-monotonic wavefront phase profile and a substantially invariant modulation transfer function over the range of misfocus.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a solid-state imaging device including: a pixel part configured to include a plurality of light receiving regions corresponding to different wavelengths; and an element isolator configured to separate the plurality of light receiving regions from each other in such a way that each of the light receiving regions in the pixel part has a size suited to an energy profile of light irradiation with a wavelength handled by the light receiving region.

Abstract: Provided is a 4-transistor CMOS image in which a driving condition or a pixel structure is changed so that a transfer transistor in a pixel operates in a pinch-off condition during reset and transfer operations in order to reduce dark current and fixed-pattern noise caused by a change in an operation condition of the transfer transistor and inter-pixel characteristic discrepancy. The image sensor includes a photosensitive pixel including a transfer transistor for transferring photon-induced charges created in a photodiode; and a voltage control unit for controlling a turn-on voltage applied to a gate of the transfer transistor to be lower than a floating diffusion node voltage plus the threshold voltage of the transfer transistor during a partial or entire section of a turn-on section of the transfer transistor such that the transfer transistor operates in a pseudo pinch-off mode.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device 1 is provided with a plurality of photoelectric converting portions 3, a plurality of first transferring portions 5, a plurality of charge accumulating portions 7, a plurality of second transferring portions 9, and a shift register 11. Each photoelectric converting portion 3 has a photosensitive region 13 which has a planar shape of a nearly rectangular shape composed of two long sides and two short sides, and a potential gradient forming region 15 which forms a potential gradient increasing along a first direction directed from one short side to the other short side forming the planar shape of the photosensitive region 13. Bach first transferring portion 5 is arranged on the side of the other short side forming the planar shape of the corresponding photosensitive region 13 and transfers a charge acquired from the corresponding photosensitive region 13, in the first direction.

Abstract: A method includes sampling a first intensity of light with a first array of photo detectors of a digital camera. A second intensity of light is sampled with a second array of photo detectors of the digital camera. A first channel processor coupled to the first array of photo detectors generates a first image using first array data which is representative of the first intensity of light sampled by the first array of photo detectors. A second channel processor coupled to the second array of photo detectors generates a second image using second array data which is representative of the second intensity of light sampled by the second array of photo detectors. The first array of photo detectors, the second array of photo detectors, the first channel processor, and the second channel processor are integrated on or in a semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A configurable photo detector circuit comprises a photo detector array including a plurality of photo detectors coupled to a plurality of amplifiers. A method for programming a detection pattern of the configurable photo detector circuit comprises selecting a first detection pattern for the photo detector array, generating first signals to create the first selected detection pattern, and applying the first generated signals to the photo detector circuit to implement the first selected detection pattern.

Abstract: A detector assembly is configured for characterizing electromagnetic energy that propagates along a light path. At least a component of the electromagnetic energy carries electromagnetic energy information along the light path. The detector assembly includes a first detector array arranged along the light path and having photosensitive elements aligned to receive at least some of the electromagnetic energy, including the component. The photosensitive elements selectively absorb a first portion of the component and produce a first set of electrical image data, based at least in part on the electomagnetic energy information, in response to the component. At least some of the photosensitive elements are at least partially transparent so that they selectively pass a second portion of the component to continue along the light path.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for a frequency selective communications system for sensing a sequence of multi-wavelength photons. The frequency selective communications system includes at least one intensity control device, at least one polarization control device, at least one focusing element, at least one frequency selective electromagnetic detector, and at least one processor. The frequency selective electromagnetic detector detects the sequence of photons. When the frequency selective electromagnetic detector senses a photon, the frequency selective electromagnetic detector emits an electrical pulse that has a voltage that is proportional to the energy level of the sensed photon. The processor processes the emitted electrical pulses, and de-multiplexes the sequence of emitted electrical pulses based on the voltage of the electrical pulses.

Abstract: A photoelectric switch reduces a cost load of a user while ensuring its protection function inherent to safety equipment without impairing its safety function, and an optical scanning type photoelectric switch is provided with a muting function settable by the user, which is a function of temporarily invalidating sensing of part or the whole of a protection area, and is provided with two output systems, with respect to each of which the muting function is settable and on each output of which an inspection signal is superimposed at a different timing in a time-division manner.