Abstract: A thruster stack assembly and method for manufacturing the same is provided. The thruster stack assembly includes a plurality of grain elements having a common core region (e.g., a channel or passageway), where each grain element comprises a volume of electrically ignitable propellant. The thruster stack assembly further includes electrodes associated with the plurality of grain elements, the electrodes adapted for selectively igniting the plurality of grain elements. In one example, one or more of the grain elements may be ignited and combusted without igniting or damaging adjacent grain elements of the stack. The core region serves to channel combustion gases and exhaust from the thruster stack. Multiple stacks may be assembled together to form three-dimensional thruster arrays.

Abstract: A forty millimeter caliber exercise bullet has been improved for properly exploding on a target, and securely maintaining the unloaded status during ordinary time. The improved exercise bullet is comprised of: a skirt (200), a striking pin (10), a safety device assembly (300) consisting of a detent cover (310) with a central mounting groove (311) and a pair of mounting grooves (312), a detent (320) for retaining the striking pin (10) by engaging or disengaging into the circumferential groove (11) by springs (323), a detonator cap (330) forming a hollow pocket (331) to insert a detonator trigger (20), a washer (30), a press-spring (332) for pressing a guiding cap (340), an explosion pipe (400), a smoke shell (500), and an ogive (600). When the bullet is fired, the rotation of the bullet generates centrifugal force to slide the retainer outward for disengaging the circumferential groove. Then, the striking pin moves upward to impact the detonator trigger when it hit on the target.

Abstract: An apparatus for conveying a payload through a pipe having the ability to automatically self-stabilize and orient itself inside the pipe by controlling two pipe tracking contactors so as to maintain contact between the pipe tracking contactors and the pipe wall and maintain the apparatus in a functional orientation. The apparatus includes tilt sensor arrays for continuously monitoring the position of the apparatus with respect to the pipe wall, variable speed drive motors operably connected with the pipe contactors for rotating the contactors, tilt motors operably connected with the pipe tracking contactors to enable movement of the contactors between a non-functional orientation and a functional orientation, and a controller for controlling the motors based upon information provided by the tilt sensor arrays.

Abstract: A method for reinforcing a railcar bodyshell according to the present invention includes the steps of: in a bodyshell including a metal frame and a metal plate joined to the frame and formed such that a cross section orthogonal to a railcar longitudinal direction has a wave shape, disposing a fiber sheet on at least a part of the plate; and forming a fiber reinforced resin member by bonding the fiber sheet to the part of the plate by an impregnated adhesive resin.

Abstract: A rotary table assembly is configured to prevent torsional deformation of a sealing member on an outer peripheral surface of a rotary joint. The rotary joint has a distributor and a center shaft, which includes two hollow cylindrical center shafts respectively inserted into a through hole from opposite front and back surface sides of a rotatable table. The sealing member makes contact with the outer peripheral surface of the hollow cylindrical center shaft positioned near the front surface of the rotatable table. The distributor has a top region that is successively inserted from the back surface side of the rotatable table into the two hollow cylindrical center shafts, and a basal portion secured to a frame.

Abstract: A table umbrella rain guard assembly includes a table that has a pole aperture extending therethrough. A pole has a first end and a second end. The pole has a well extending inwardly from the second end. The first end of the pole is directed downwardly through the pole aperture. The well insertably receives an end of the umbrella shaft. A pedestal is positioned beneath the table. The pedestal insertably receives the first end of the pole. A collar is positioned around the pole so that the collar abuts the table when the pole is extended through the pole aperture. The collar prevents precipitation from passing through the pole aperture. A sleeve is positionable on the pole when the umbrella shaft is not positioned within the pole. A coupler is coupled to an end of the sleeve. A cap positioned on an end of the sleeve.

Abstract: A plastic pallet suitable for stacking firewood, camping gear, and the like, above a concrete floor or in the attic, includes at least two longitudinal stringers and a plurality of four-sided open-box slats, the sides of which taper outwardly from the upper surface to afford a stackable profile. The slats assemble to the stringers without the need of tools or independent fasteners. The ends of each stringer are formed with interlocking profiles which allow the length of the pallet to be extended, as desired.

Abstract: Installation kit for equipping a case (11) as a multifunctional, portable security system (10), and case (11). The installation kit comprises a receptacle area for valuables (13), having an access opening, a cover (12.2), and a protection system.

Abstract: A planting unit for depositing fertilizer and seed in a single pass, double shoot manner includes a rotating disc that cuts a furrow in a planting surface and a trailing seed boot, having a cutting edge, that cuts a vertically and horizontally offset trench in the furrow to form a seed bed in the planting surface. The disc has a mounting frame for mounting the disc to a linkage assembly that is, in turn, coupled to a toolbar mount. The seed boot is also attached to the mounting frame. This common attachment provides a relatively short and compact device without sacrificing fertilizer and seed stratification.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to turf grass seed mixtures for a low maintenance lawns and uses thereof. The lawn established from the specific seed varieties blended in certain proportions as described in the disclosure has a slow growth rate and deep roots and grows well in many regions across North America and elsewhere in the world. Because the lawn requires little watering or fertilizer and is hardy and naturally insect-tolerant, it is safe and environmentally friendly.

Abstract: A spool holder includes a spool base and a thread guide mechanism including a thread guide member having thread guide portions guiding the threads extending from thread spools, respectively and a divided support pillar disposed so as to support the guide member on the spool base and including an upper support pillar having an upper end swingably mounted on the guide member and a lower support pillar having a lower end which is swingably mounted on the spool base, and a holding unit which holds the divided support pillar so that the pillar is switchable between a first position where both pillars are substantially vertically lined so that the guide member is located at an upper position in its use and a second position where both support pillars are bent at the connecting part so that the guide member is located at an accommodation position in its non-use.

Abstract: A temperature adjustment unit is provided to a chamber for accommodating a stage, a discharge head, and a maintenance device. The temperature adjustment unit adjusts the temperature of the maintenance area at least while the transport device has the discharge head positioned in the maintenance area to be equal to or greater than the temperature of the drawing area while the transport device has the discharge head positioned in the drawing area.

Abstract: An application device comprises a liquid tank for retaining a liquid, and a discharge unit to which the liquid is supplied from the liquid tank, and which discharges the liquid to an application-target area of an object at a set application width. The discharge unit comprises a head cylinder filled with the liquid supplied from the liquid tank, and the nozzle plate which is provided at one end of the head cylinder in a replaceable manner and which is provided with plural nozzle holes discharging the liquid. The application width can be changed by merely replacing the nozzle plate without changing of an application condition.

Abstract: An installation for the hardened galvanization of a continuously-moving rolled steel strip, includes a coating tank receiving a liquid metal mixture containing, for example, zinc and aluminum to be deposited on the strip which is immersed in the mixture. The liquid mixture is permanently circulated between the coating tank and a preparation device, in which the temperature of the liquid mixture is deliberately lowered in order to reduce an iron solubility threshold and is sufficiently high for initiating fusion of at least one ingot containing a zinc-aluminum Zn—Al alloy in a so-called fusion zone of the preparation device, in an amount necessary to compensate for the liquid mixture used for deposition on the strip. The installation includes a loop for circulating the liquid mixture that is thermally optimized.

Abstract: Methods clean a gripping device (5) of a milking station (1) for milking animals. Methods include initiating (21) a gripper device cleaning procedure, moving (22) the gripper device (5) to a cleaning position, and carrying out (23) the gripper device cleaning procedure. Efficient and automatic cleaning of gripper devices is provided. Milking systems also include apparatuses for cleaning a gripper device.

Abstract: A milking cup for milking animals, the milking cup having a liner arranged inside a housing to define a pulsation chamber therebetween. The pulsation chamber is divided into multiple compartments so that vacuum pulsation applied to the pulsation chamber compartments causes controlled collapse of the liner on an animal teat inserted therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel pet bed cover. The pet bed cover apprises a four-layer system which wicks moisture to keep the outer layer clean and is fitted to make application to a pet bed easy and secure without disturbing any soiling deposited on the cover.

Abstract: A container in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a base with a core removably mounted in the base. The core includes a temperature controlling substance used to cool the contents of the container over a prolonged period of time. The core is removable from the base for placement in a freezer or other cold environment and then replaced to provide cooling to the material in the container.

Abstract: A support plate has upper and lower surfaces, rear and front edges and opposed side edges. A front wall is upturned at the front edge. Opposed side walls are upturned at the side edges. A rear wall is upturned at the rear edge. The support plate has arcuate cut out sections. The cut out sections extend from an end of the front wall to an adjacent side wall. A tube assembly includes a hollow vertical tube. The vertical tube has a lower end and an upper end. The tube assembly also includes a horizontal tube with an interior end permanently attached to the upper end of the vertical tube. The horizontal tube also has a free exterior end. The horizontal tube is positioned to overlie the support plate. The exterior end is positioned closer to the front edge than to the rear edge.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for providing drinking water and/or entertaining to pets. The apparatus includes a base engaged with a container, a reservoir, and a pump for pumping liquid from the container into the reservoir when the container is upright. The pump may be selectively activated by the animal to pump liquid from the container into the reservoir. A ball may be provided at least partially within the reservoir to rotate relative to the reservoir when licked by the animal to operate the pump and draw liquid from the container, through a fluid conduit, and into the reservoir. Liquid from the reservoir may adhere to an outer surface portion of the ball and thereby become accessible to and drinkable by the animal when the outer surface portion of the ball is rotated from an initial position within the liquid in the reservoir to a second position accessible to the animal's tongue.

Abstract: An automated animal watering apparatus having an inlet-outlet aperture disposed within a recessed repository, a first water sensor, a second water sensor, a combined pipe with an inlet portion and an outlet portion; the inlet portion operationally connected to an extant faucet, the outlet portion operationally communicating with an extant drainage; a heater plate, a temperature sensor, a drain pump, and a central processing unit controlling the device; wherein the central processing unit operationally communicates with the sensors, inlet valve, and drain pump, to maintain a water level within the repository, a water temperature between determined norms, and engages a preprogrammed flushing cycle by alternately activating and deactivating the drain pump.

Abstract: An apparatus that maintains housebreaking pads for a pet owner, automatically removing and sealing soiled pads and waste and replacing the soiled pad with a clean pad. The apparatus senses when a pet is using a housebreaking pad, and when the pet is finished, removes and seals the pad and the waste automatically, moving the pad into a repository for later disposal and replacing the soiled pad with a clean pad. The apparatus seals the waste and pad with plastic film having low vapor permeability for disposal on a once-daily or less frequent basis. The apparatus minimizes or eliminates odors associated with canine elimination by removing the pads immediately after elimination is completed, and sealing the waste. A control unit, triggered by a sensor, has a single cycle or a multiple cycle operation, operating a motor that rolls the soiled composite pad onto an arbor in the repository.

Abstract: A system for controlling escape of pets during emergency, such as a fire, smoke, gas or odor emission, includes a passageway from the inside of the enclosure to the outside thereof. The passageway is normally closed by a door and an apparatus is provided for enabling opening of such door during emergency. A pre-recorded message urges the pet or pets to the open passageway only when the alarm device annunciating such emergency is intermittently disabled. A control apparatus is also provided for enabling passage of the pet or pets through the passageway and annunciates location of the pet or pets with respect to interior or exterior of the enclosure. A method is disclosed for remote operation of the controlled pet door to enhance safety of the pet owner attempting to enter residential dwelling.

Abstract: A toy device that is selectively configurable between a compact configuration and an extended configuration. The toy device has two end caps. The two end caps are mirrored in shape and size. The two end caps are interconnected by a plurality of tubular segments. The end caps and plurality of tubular segments are molded as a single unit from a common elastomeric material. The plurality of tubular segments are selectively collapsible into the two end caps. When collapsed, the end caps touch and the toy device exists in its compact configuration. When the end caps are pulled apart, the tubular segments unfold and the toy device exists in its extended configuration.

Abstract: A chew toy assembly that is selectively convertible between a ball configuration and a bone configuration. The chew toy assembly has two invertible structures that are disposed at opposite ends of an elongated body. Each of the invertible structures is selectively configured between a hemispherical shape and a funnel shape by physical manipulation, wherein each invertible structure has a central hub. When the invertible structures are in their hemispherical shapes, the invertible structures form a ball around the elongated body. Alternatively, when the invertible structures are in their funnel shapes, the invertible structures diverge away from the elongated body in opposite directions, therein forming a bone configuration.

Abstract: A pet chew toy, especially for dogs, has a resilient body in the shape of a ball which has a body and a pair of openings which lead into respective interior chambers inside the body of the ball. A generally S-shaped curved wall separates the two interior chambers. Each interior chamber is bounded by a semi-spherical side wall and the generally S-shaped curved wall. The semi-spherical side wall of each chamber has a ledge portion such that the opening disposed near the opening, for aiding in retention of a pet treat which is placed inside the chamber. The ledge is not radially disposed with reference to a center of the ball. The two interior chambers are symmetrical. The hollow interior body of the ball can thus hold either one pet treat in either chamber, or two pet treats with one treat being in each chamber. An air hole can also be provided in a wall distal from the opening of each chamber, to prevent suction from developing when the pet places its tongue into the interior chamber.

Abstract: A hydrogen system for diesel and gas engines, comprising a housing assembly containing an aqueous solution. A heating assembly comprises a first inlet, a first outlet, and tubing connecting the first inlet to the first outlet. A hydrogen generator is contained within the housing assembly. It comprises a second inlet and a second outlet, and at least a top wall and a base wall. The top wall is at a predetermined angle to allow the aqueous solution to flow and circulate into a connecting tube. The hydrogen generator comprises negative charged rods and positive charged rods. The hydrogen generator generates hydrogen and oxygen gas for use in an internal combustion engine to improve combustion efficiency and to decrease emissions. The hydrogen generator serves as an electrolysis cell to generate the oxygen and hydrogen gas with electric current from a power source being passed through the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A cooling system for internal combustion engines provides directed flows of heated or cooled coolant to various engine components and/or accessories as needed. By providing directed flows, the overall coolant flow volume is reduced from that of conventional cooling systems, allowing for a smaller capacity water pump to be employed which results in a net energy savings for the engine. Further, by reducing the overall coolant flow volume, the hoses and/or galleries required for the directed flows are reduced from those of conventional cooling systems, providing a cost savings and a weight savings. Finally, by preferably employing an impellor type water pump, the expense of an electric water pump and its associated control circuitry can be avoided. The direct flows are established by a multifunction valve which, in a preferred implementation, comprises a two-plate valve wherein each plate is operated by a wax motor.

Abstract: Cooling circuit for an internal combustion engine 2, having an internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder head and one crankcase, a coolant pump, a primary heat exchanger, and a heat exchanger for an operating medium of the internal combustion engine, the cooling circuit 1 downstream of the coolant pump being divided between a branch site A and a connection site B so that at least one cylinder head is incorporated in a cylinder head branch circuit and the crankcase is incorporated in a crankcase branch circuit and the heat exchanger for an operating medium being located in the cylinder head branch circuit downstream of the at least one cylinder head.

Abstract: An improved configuration for internal combustion engine that reduces side forces on pistons during the engine cycle. The improvement is an intermediate and guided bridge element located between pull rods and pistons with articulated connections that allow side forces to be dissipated away from the pistons.

Abstract: The horizontally opposed center fired engine improves on the traditional design of the horizontally opposed engines and center fired engines with a better engine geometry. The present invention utilizes four pairs of opposing pistons to compress a larger volume of air-fuel mixture within four different cylinders. The four different cylinders are radially positioned around a center axle in order to achieve a perfectly symmetric engine geometry. The center axle consists of two different shafts spinning in two different directions, which could drastically reduce engine vibrations in the present invention. Engine vibrations are caused by a change in engine speed and result in a loss of energy. Due to the design, the present invention will only experience energy loss in the form of entropy and friction. Thus, the present invention can convert a higher percentage of chemical energy into mechanical energy than any other internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A variable valve timing control apparatus adjusts the rotation phase (VCT phase) of an engine camshaft by selectively supplying oil to an advancement chamber and a retardation chamber, and includes a lock pin which is controlled for being moveable to a first position, in which the rotation phase is adjustable, and a second position, in which the camshaft is locked at a specific rotation phase. When the lock pin is displaced from the first position, oil becomes enabled to pass between the advancement chamber and retardation chamber, to thereby enabling the rotation phase to be changed to the specific rotation phase by supplying oil to an appropriate one of the advancement chamber and a retardation chamber, for initiating locking.

Abstract: A variable valve lift apparatus may include a control shaft slidably disposed within a camshaft, a cam which is slidably disposed to the camshaft and a high lift cam lobe and a low lift cam lobe is formed thereto, a valve opening/closing unit contacting the cam and a control portion which moves the cam for the high lift cam lobe or the low lift cam lobe selectively to contact the valve opening/closing unit according to operation of the control shaft.

Abstract: An electronic control unit that controls a variable operation angle mechanism that varies an operation angle of an intake valve reduces an operation angle of the intake valve to a normal startup operation angle after first maintaining the operation angle of the intake valve at a high temperature restart operation angle that is larger than the normal startup operation angle for a predetermined period of time after an engine is stopped.

Abstract: A method for operating an oil control valve in an internal combustion engine is provided. The oil control valve controls a camshaft phaser disposed at an output side of the control valve and includes a spool disposed in a spool housing. The camshaft phaser controls the phase relationship between a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine and a camshaft of the internal combustion engine. The method includes positioning the spool within the spool housing to substantially block oil flow between the camshaft phaser and the internal combustion engine when the engine is temporarily not running.

Abstract: A variable valve timing apparatus according to the present invention may include a camshaft holder connected to a camshaft, a cam sprocket rotating the camshaft, a rotation shaft disposed to the camshaft holder having a moving screw thread formed thereon, a first and second driven bevel gears disposed to distal ends of the rotation shaft, a screw nut engaged with the moving screw thread and moving along length direction of the rotation shaft by rotation of the first driven bevel gear or the second driven bevel gear so as to change relative phase between the camshaft and the cam sprocket and a gear control portion which selectively rotates the first driven bevel gear or the second driven bevel gear.

Abstract: A variable valve lift apparatus includes a high cam and a low cam fixed side by side to a camshaft, an outer body pressed by the rotation of the high cam, and has a crossbar formed at the bottom of the front end, an inner body, of which the front end protrudes further than the outer body, the lower front end is provided with a valve member, the upper rear end is hinged to a lost motion hinge shaft coaxially with the rear end of the outer body, and the lower rear end is pivotally connected to a hinge member, and a latching portion inserted into the inner body and selectively connected to the crossbar of the outer body to move the inner body dependent on movement of the front end of the outer body, wherein the lost motion hinge shaft is disposed in the same direction as a hinge point between the inner body and the hinge member with respect to the camshaft.

Abstract: The present invention may be used for vehicle engines having bores in which roller valve lifters reciprocate. A roller valve lifter may have a body with two opposed subtending spaced apart legs. A cam follower roller bearing having a press fit inner sleeve bushing may be rotatably mounted on the pin. Each of the legs may have an oil feed hole that traverses from an exterior surface to an interior surface adjacent to the inner sleeve bushing. The body in an upper portion may have a key device or an attached vertical guide bar to maintain proper orientation of the roller valve lifter to a cam lobe.

Abstract: This invention relates to a corona discharge ignitor used to ignite air/fuel mixtures in automotive applications and the like. To suppress an arc from forming when a voltage is applied to the ignitor, the corona discharge ignitor has various shapes and configurations, such as angular depressions or grooves, at the tip of the insulator. The shape and configuration of the tip provides a smaller radius which creates a more intensified electric field and provides better combustion.

Abstract: The disengageable module for a system for transmitting a starting torque to an internal combustion engine, of the type comprising a ring gear connected to the crankshaft of the combustion engine, comprises an inner ring (26) intended to be coupled to the crankshaft, an outer ring (28) intended to be coupled to the ring gear, and at least one free wheel (30) provided with a plurality of wedging elements (34) mounted between raceways of the said rings. It further comprises means (50) designed to provide relative centering of the inner ring (26) and of the outer ring (28) and for transmitting radial load, the said means (50) being mounted at least partially between the inner ring and the outer ring leaving radial clearances between themselves and the said inner ring.

Abstract: A vehicle power unit including a speed reducing gear train including a starter driven gear, a starting one-way clutch interposed between the starter driven gear and a crankshaft. The speed reducing gear train and the starting one-way clutch are provided between a starter motor and the crankshaft. A transmission includes gear trains for a plurality of gear speeds wherein the gear trains are provided between a main shaft and a counter shaft. A hybrid type configuration is possible wherein the starter motor produces power for driving the vehicle and to impart a drive assisting force. The starter motor can be changed over between a normal rotational operation and a reverse rotational operation. A power transmission idle gear is interposed between the starter driven gear and a power transmitting gear through a running one-way clutch for permitting power transmission to the side of the main shaft.

Abstract: An air intake device for an engine includes a duct having therein a first air flow passage, a housing having therein a second air flow passage, a rotary valve having a valve plate. A block of the housing, which conducts intake air to an intake port of a cylinder head, has a circular opposed surface that follows a shape of a curved surface portion of the valve plate. Moreover, the block of the housing has a protrusion that protrudes toward an upstream side of the second air flow passage in an air flow direction so as to contact a duct protrusion of the duct. Therefore, a localized flow of the intake air, which has flowed into the second air flow passage from an opening of the first air flow passage, can be restrained from spreading, and a flow rate of the localized flow can be restrained from slowing down.

Abstract: An engine balancer system is provided in which a balancer housing (17) disposed so as to face an oil pan beneath a crankshaft is formed by joining an upper housing (29) and a lower housing (30) via mating faces (P), and the height of the mating faces (P) is lower on a vehicle front side than on a vehicle rear side. Oil discharge holes (45a, 46) for discharging oil that is within the balancer housing (17) are formed in the mating faces (P) on the higher side of the balancer housing (17) and in the upper housing (29) above the mating faces (P) on the lower side of the balancer housing (17). This enables the position of the oil discharge hole (45a) on the lower side to be as high as possible, thereby suppressing penetration of oil into the interior of the balancer housing (17) through the oil discharge hole (45a).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine (10) dry sump lubrication system including multiple oil paths through the engine, the engine being constructed and arranged such that when the engine is mounted on a vehicle and the vehicle is level and upright and the engine is not in operation, oil in each of the multiple oil paths collects at oil collection portions (3,26,514,516) within the engine, each oil collection portion being at a low portion with respect to gravity in one of the oil paths; a plurality of oil drainage openings (510,512,508) fluidly connected to the oil collection portions; and a single drain plug (500) simultaneously removeably sealing each of the oil drainage openings, whereby substantially all of the oil in the system is drained from the system when the single drain plug is removed.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine that includes a rotary head that has an expansion chamber and that includes intake and exhaust slots. A drum is disposed in close noncontacting proximity to the inner side of the rotary head. The drum and the rotary head are substantially rotationally symmetric about a common axis. Radially moveable plates respond to a mechanical control mechanism adapted to move each plate from a retracted position in which the plate is located entirely within the outer surface of the drum and an extended position in close proximity to an upper surface of the expansion chamber to substantially seal the expansion chamber. At least one of the plates is present between the intake slot and the exhaust slot such that the combustion gas within the expansion chamber exerts a force on the plate and the drum to produce rotational motion of the rotary head about the common axis.

Abstract: A wall shape of a cavity consists of an inward protruding portion located at the periphery of an opening, a center portion projecting toward a fuel injector, and a peripheral portion connecting the inward protruding portion and the center portion. The fuel injector and the cavity are configured so that fuel injected from fuel injector directs to the proximity of the border between the inward protruding portion and the peripheral portion. The peripheral portion consists of a first portion located farthermost from the fuel injector, a second portion located between the inward protruding portion and the first portion, and a third portion located between the first portion and the center portion. The radii of arcs of the peripheral portion decrease from the second portion to the first portion and increase from the first portion to the third portion.

Abstract: An object is to provide a control device and control method for a compressed self-ignition type internal combustion engine, which can reduce torque variation due to misfire when the air-fuel ratio varies during compressed self-ignition type combustion, and thereby effectively use the potential for reducing fuel consumption. As the combustion mode, a spark-ignition type combustion mode by use of an ignition plug and a compressed self-ignition type combustion mode which utilizes a pressure increase in a combustion chamber in association with upward movement of piston are selectively set depending on an operational state of the engine, and when the air-fuel ratio in the compressed self-ignition type combustion mode is rich, a regional upper limit of the compressed self-ignition type combustion region is changed toward the lower engine torque side, and when the air-fuel ratio is lean, the regional upper limit is changed toward the higher engine torque side.

Abstract: An throttle body for rotating a valve shaft of an air-intake throttle valve through a decelerating mechanism by a motor and change the opening area of an air-intake passage by rotating the valve shaft is equipped with a lever portion that is disposed so as to be interlocked with the decelerating mechanism and regulates the opening degree of the air-intake throttle valve under the full-open state, and an adjusting screw that is threadably inserted from the outside of the body portion and abuts against the lever portion in the body portion to change the opening degree of the air-intake throttle valve under the full-open state.

Abstract: At least one set of locator pins is provided on the flange of an intake manifold which couple with an orifice provided on the flange of a throttle body to align the two parts to ensure that they are properly oriented when assembled. In addition, through holes are provided on the throttle body flange and threaded inserts are provided on the flange of the intake manifold. The locator pins are coupled with the orifices prior to inserting a bolt through the through holes to engage with the threads of the threaded insert. By providing the locator pins, the two flanges are held in a desired orientation so that the ducts of the two flanges are properly aligned to substantially eliminate a step or mismatch at the interface.

Abstract: A variety of methods and arrangements for operating an internal combustion engine and one or more motor/generators in a hybrid vehicle are described. In various embodiments, the engine is operated in a skip fire mode. Depending on the state of charge of an energy storage device and/or other factors, the engine is operated to generate more or less than a desired level of torque. The one or more motor/generators are used to add or subtract torque so that the motor/generator(s) and the engine collectively deliver the desired level of torque. In some embodiments, the engine may be run with a substantially open throttle to reduce pumping losses and improve fuel efficiency.