Abstract: A multilayer assembly comprising a first inner layer (L1) made from a first composition (C1), said first composition (C1) comprising at least one polymer comprising recurring units derived from ethylene (E) and from chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), and at least one Ti compound; and a second outer layer (L2) made from a second composition, said second composition (C2) being free from TiO2-containing additives, said second composition (C2) comprising at least one semi-crystalline polymer (A) comprising recurring units derived from ethylene and from at least one fluoromonomer selected from chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and mixtures thereof, said semi-crystalline polymer (A) having a heat of fusion of at least 35 J/g.

Abstract: A sealing apparatus is provided herein. In some embodiments, the sealing apparatus includes an annular body including a first portion having a circular cross-section and a second portion extending radially outward from the first portion, wherein the second portion has a rectangular cross-section. In some embodiments, a sealing apparatus includes a body configured to be retained in a recess of a first surface; an arm extending from the body away from the first surface and configured to provide a force when deflected towards the body by a second surface to form a seal between the first surface and the second surface.

Abstract: A machine for processing of a web through a process tank containing process liquid and a tank containing wash water has in each tank an upper submerged guide and a pair of lower submerged guides, whereby the web passes on a sinusoidal path through the tank. Four drying guides are provided one above the over above the down-stream end of the processing tank. The guides have outlet slits 18 facing alternately up-stream and down-stream. A blower is provided for blowing air into the guides and out through the slits onto the web passing sinuously around the ducts. It acts both as a bearing medium holding the web off the surfaces of the ducts and as a drying medium.

Abstract: An apparatus for fabrication of microscopic structures that uses a beam process, such as beam-induced decomposition of a precursor, to deposit a mask in a precise pattern and then a selective, plasma beam is applied, comprising the steps of first creating a protective mask upon surface portions of a substrate using a beam process such as an electron beam, focused ion beam (FIB), or laser process, and secondly etching unmasked substrate portions using a selective plasma beam etch process. Optionally, a third step comprising the removal of the protective mask may be performed with a second, materially oppositely selective plasma beam process.

Abstract: A plasma processing device according to the present invention includes a plasma processing chamber, a plasma producing chamber communicating with the plasma processing chamber, a radio-frequency antenna for producing plasma, a plasma control plate for controlling the energy of electrons in the plasma, as well as an operation rod and a moving mechanism for regulating the position of the plasma control plate. In this plasma processing device, the energy distribution of the electrons of the plasma produced in the plasma producing chamber can be controlled by regulating the distance between the radio-frequency antenna 16 and the plasma control plate by simply moving the operation rod in its longitudinal direction by the moving mechanism. Therefore, a plasma process suitable for the kind of gas molecules to be dissociated and/or their dissociation energy can be easily performed.

Abstract: A microwave emitting device emits a microwave generated by a microwave generation unit into a chamber in a plasma processing apparatus for performing plasma processing by generating a surface wave plasma in the chamber. The device includes: a transmission line having a tubular outer conductor and an inner conductor disposed in the outer conductor to transmit the microwave; an antenna to emit the microwave transmitted through the microwave transmission line into the chamber through slots; a dielectric member to transmit the microwave emitted from the antenna to generate a surface wave; and a DC voltage application member to apply a positive DC voltage to a plasma generation region where a surface wave plasma is generated by the surface wave.

Abstract: A substrate processing system for processing multiple substrates is provided and generally includes at least one processing platform and at least one staging platform. Each substrate is positioned on a substrate carrier disposed on a substrate support assembly. Multiple substrate carriers, each is configured to carry a substrate thereon, are positioned on the surface of the substrate support assembly. The processing platform and the staging platform, each includes a separate substrate support assembly, which can be rotated by a separate rotary track mechanism. Each rotary track mechanism is capable of supporting the substrate support assembly and continuously rotating multiple substrates carried by the substrate carriers and disposed on the substrate support assembly. Each substrate is thus processed through at least one shower head station and at least one buffer station, which are positioned at a distance above the rotary track mechanism of the processing platform.

Abstract: Provided are an adhesive force development unit, an adhesive-label issue device, and a printer which can develop a stable adhesive force regardless of a thickness of a functional layer made from a resin film or the like while suppressing an occurrence of a blocking phenomenon. A thermal head for adhesive force development having a plurality of heating elements arranged along a width direction of an adhesive label and heating the adhesive label from its adhesive layer side so as to form holes in an functional layer by the heating elements is provided, and heating means for heating at least hole-forming portions in the adhesive label is disposed at an upstream side or a downstream side relative to the thermal head along a carrying direction of the adhesive label.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tape guiding mechanism (10) of a tape device (100). The tape device (100) comprises a strip of tape (20) having supply tape (22) and take up tape (24); a spool portion (130); a supply spool (40) disposed at the spool portion (130) for winding the supply tape (22); a take up spool (50) disposed at the spool portion (130) for winding the take up tape (24); an application tip (12); and a spool mechanism (70) for allowing the supply and the take up spools (40 & 50) to rotate such that the tape travels from the supply spool (40), around the applicator tip (120), and to the take up spool (50).

Abstract: The invention provides in a first aspect an applier apparatus for applying a sheet of flexible material to a cylindrical body such as a tire building drum. The apparatus includes a support frame; a conveyor table having one or more conveyor belts mounted thereon; said conveyor table further comprising a plurality of support legs, each support leg having an outer leg portion and an inner leg portion, wherein each inner leg portion is mounted to the support frame, said conveyor table being connected to each of the outer leg portion of the support legs; the outer leg portion of each support leg having a first end slidably received over the inner leg portion and a second end connected to a nut; and wherein the nut is mounted onto a linear screw which is rotatably mounted onto a second end of the inner leg portion; said linear screw being driven by a motor wherein the nut is raised and lowered by operation of the screw.

Abstract: The present invention resides in an apparatus for use with a plaster taping device, the apparatus comprising a base for removably attaching the apparatus to the plaster taping device and a frame having a first end coupled to the base and a second end for supporting a wheel member rotatably connected thereto, wherein the wheel member facilitates application of a tape material along an internal corner joint.

Abstract: A labelling machine comprises a main supporting frame (2) on which a carrousel (6) is mounted, the carrousel being equipped with supporting means for the objects to be labelled. A plurality of labelling devices (12) is positioned radially along the edge of the carrousel (6) for applying labels to objects placed on the carrousel (6). The main supporting frame (2) has a guiding and supporting track (17) to which the labelling devices (12) are slidably connected so that they can be placed at different positions along the edge of the carrousel (6). The machine also comprises a plurality of connecting modules (26) equipped with first coupling means (27) allowing sliding coupling to the track (17), and second coupling means (28) for reversibly coupling each labelling device (12) to a connecting module (26).

Abstract: A unitary structure tire lever has an opening for the user to insert fingers and grab the lever when installing and removing a tire from a rim. The lever has a curved smooth installation hook at one end with a ridge to engage a lip of a tire rim during tire installation. The lever also has a curved smooth removal hook at the other end with a notch that enables the lever to pivot about the lip of the tire rim during tire removal. The removal hook also has a curved seat portion that engages with a bead of the tire during tire removal.

Abstract: A tire changer is provided for mounting/dismounting a tire to/from a wheel rim. The tire changer includes a tire fixing device mounted to a support arm and including a transmission cylinder that is rotatably mounted to the support arm and driven by a power device, a first retention member, a second retention member, and a fastening member. The transmission cylinder receives therein a transmission shaft having an end projecting outside the cylinder and forming a fastening section. The first and second retention members are mounted to the transmission shaft and both form a slope that is set in abutting engagement with an inside surface of a fixing bore formed in the rim. The fastening member is coupled to the fastening section to be positioned against the second retention member to thereby secure the rim between the first and second retention members.

Abstract: An apparatus for seating a bead of the a adjacent a bead seat of a wheel is disclosed. The apparatus is disposable adjacent one or more of a tread surface and an outer sidewall surface of the tire.

Abstract: A solar window shade includes a frame for supporting louvers for shading at least one window of a building. Preferably, the frame is pivotally connected to the building above the window, and a frame drive system selectively pivots the frame upwardly or downwardly in accordance with the elevation of the sun. A louver drive system rotates the louvers within the frame to track east-to-west movements of the sun. The louvers are preferably provided as outer and inner louvers interlaced with each other, and such louvers nest with one another when the sun is hidden, or approaches from an acute angle, to maximize passage of indirect light rays to light the interior, while minimizing obstruction of the view through the window. The device is modular and is easily applied to aligned rows of windows and/or windows on multi-story buildings, with central control of the associated frame drive and louver drive systems.

Abstract: A free arm umbrella includes a fixing plate (1), an upper nest (2), a lower nest (3), umbrella ribs (5) and support ribs (6). The umbrella ribs (5) are hinged with the upper nest (2) and the two ends of the support rib (6) are hinged with the lower nest (3) and the umbrella rib (5) respectively. The free arm umbrella also includes a control mechanism (7), a support rod (9), a first strut rod (10) and a second strut rod (20). The two ends of the first strut rod (10) are hinged with the lower nest (3) and the upper portion of the fixing plate (1) respectively. One end of the second strut rod (20) is hinged with the upper nest (2) and the other end is provided with a support block (21). The middle part of the first strut rod (10) is hinged with the middle part of the second strut rod (20). The two ends of the support rod (9) are hinged with the second strut rod (20) and the fixing plate (1) respectively. The control mechanism (7) is fixed on the fixing plate (1).

Abstract: Implementations of the present invention relate to devices, systems, and methods related to mounting decorative slats. In particular, the present invention facilitates accurate mounting and installation of a decorative multi-slat system, which can provide aesthetic enhancement for a particular space. Furthermore, the method of installing the decorative multi-slat system can allow an installer to reduce likelihood of errors and misalignments of the system, which can occur during the installation.

Abstract: An end cap for enclosing or covering the end of a cassette of a roller blind or a roller shade. The cassette includes a roller having wound thereon a fabric having a bottom bar attached or otherwise secured thereto or thereover. The end cap comprises a wall portion and a bottom bar stop. The wall portion is releasably securable to an end of the cassette. The bottom bar stop is fixed to and extends outwardly from the wall portion and inhibits upward movement of the bottom bar beyond the elevation of the bottom bar stop when the end cap is secured to an end of the cassette.

Abstract: A safety window blind device includes a bottomrail movable relative to a headrail to raise or lower a window shade therebetween, and a pair of lifting cords each having a vertical cord segment which runs between the headrail and the bottomrail and which is coupled with the bottom rail so as to be displaced therewith between states of long-length and short-length. A reel unit is coupled with a biasing unit to generate an incrementally increased biasing force for counteracting the weight of the bottomrail. With such structure, a sudden and inadvertent falling of the bottomrail can be prevented once the lifting cords are released.

Abstract: A washer press apparatus for washing and dewatering a wide range of solids concentrations of pulp in liquid suspensions includes multiple distinct displacement wash zones about a drum with multiple nips.

Abstract: The invention according to the present invention relates to the manufacture of paper and or boards and/or binding agents and a method and apparatus related to the same by providing for the defibrillation of cellulose fibres into a form in which the same can be subsequently sued to form the finished product directly or can be used to bind other materials together and then be formed into the finished product. The apparatus includes a twin screw conveyor through the material and liquid passes to be processed..

Abstract: A building material for use in forming exterior surface coverings. According to a preferred embodiment, the building material consists of the combination of a paper material, bonding agent, and water. The building material can either be formed directly upon a substrate, such as a wall or ceiling, or otherwise formed as a sheet of material or molding that can thereafter be affixed to a given surface or substrate. The building materials can be customized to have a specific type of color, shape and texture, and can further be utilized in a wide variety of building applications.

Abstract: A modified filler composition for use in composites, such as paper and paper board, which is produced by reacting a filler material with a binder and a reactant material. Also, a method to produce composites, such as paper and paperboard, produced containing the modified filler composition is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing a microfiber product stream, the process comprising: (A) contacting short cut multicomponent fibers having a length of less than 25 millimeters with a heated aqueous stream in a mix zone to produce a short cut multicomponent fiber slurry; (B) routing the short cut multicomponent fiber slurry and optionally, a heated aqueous stream, to a fiber opening zone to remove a portion of the water dispersible sulfopolyester to produce an opened microfiber slurry; and (C) routing the opened microfiber slurry to a primary solid liquid separation zone to produce the microfiber product stream and a first mother liquor stream.

Abstract: A process for producing a microfiber product stream, the process comprising: (A) contacting cut multicomponent fibers having a length of less than 25 millimeters with a treated aqueous stream in a fiber slurry zone to produce a cut multicomponent fiber slurry; (B) contacting the cut multicomponent fiber slurry with a heated aqueous stream in a mix zone to produce a heated multicomponent fiber slurry; (C) routing the heated multicomponent fiber slurry to a fiber opening zone to remove a portion of the water dispersible sulfopolyester to produce an opened microfiber slurry; and (D) routing the opened microfiber slurry to a primary solid liquid separation zone to produce the microfiber product stream and a first mother liquor stream.

Abstract: A building material for use in forming exterior surface coverings. According to a preferred embodiment, the building material consists of the combination of a paper material, bonding agent, and water. The building material can either be formed directly upon a substrate, such as a wall or ceiling, or otherwise formed as a sheet of material or molding that can thereafter be affixed to a given surface or substrate. The building materials can be customized to have a specific type of color, shape and texture, and can further be utilized in a wide variety of building applications.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods to increase paper machine performance and enhance sizing. The compositions include a sizing agent, an emulsifier, and an aqueous component. The emulsifier may be an aldehyde-functionalized polymer.

Abstract: Non-cementitious compositions and products are provided. The compositions of the invention include a carbonate additive comprising vaterite such as reactive vaterite. Additional aspects of the invention include methods of making and using the non-cementitious compositions and products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of a surface-treated calcium carbonate, the use of this surface-treated calcium carbonate in a process for the control of organic material in an aqueous medium, as well as to a composite of surface-treated calcium carbonate and organic material, such as a composite of surface-treated calcium carbonate and to the use of such a composite.

Abstract: A web turn-up cutting method and apparatus for severing a continuous web that is traveling in a travel direction. The apparatus comprising a first water nozzle and a second water nozzle that are mountable on respective nozzle carriages and transversely movable. The apparatus further comprising a water jet controller adapted to activate a water supply of the first and second water nozzles and a carriage controller adapted to actuate the nozzle carriages to provide a transversal movement of the first and second water nozzles. The first and second nozzles being adapted to define together a substantially X-shaped cut on the traveling continuous web. The substantially X-shaped cut defining at least a substantially V-shaped tail for ending a forming roll, an opposite substantially V-shaped start for starting a new spool, a detachable first wing and a detachable second wing. A method of manufacturing paper in a papermaking machine.

Abstract: A steam distributor includes multiple steam discharge chambers that are separated by laterally spaced apart partition panels that create corresponding profiling zones. The profiling zones are covered by a perforated screen plate through which steam passes onto a moving sheet that is traveling in the machine direction. One or more of the partition panels is not aligned in the machine direction so that one or more of the steam discharge chambers defines a non-rectangular profiling zone. The orientation of one or more of the baffles can he adjusted in order to control the response shape of the steam footprints on a moving sheet for zone moisture control. The panels can be articulated to allow dynamic adjustments of the profiling zones for cross direction response control.

Abstract: A paper making shoe press belt includes a reinforcing fiber substrate and a polyurethane laminate. The reinforcing fiber substrate is embedded in at least one layer of the polyurethane laminate. At least one layer of the polyurethane laminate includes a polyurethane obtained by heat-curing a urethane prepolymer together with a mixed curing agent. The urethane prepolymer includes a terminal isocyanate group and is obtained by reacting a diisocyanate compound and a long-chain polyol. The diisocyanate compound includes at least one of toluene-diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-diisocyanate, and paraphenylene-diisocyanate. The mixed curing agent includes 70-99.5 mol % of dimethylthiotoluenediamine and 0.5-30 mol % of a curing agent. The curing agent includes at least one of 4,4?-methylenebis(2,6-diethyl-3-chloroaniline), 4,4?-methylenedianiline, and 1,4-butanediol. An equivalent ratio of active hydrogen groups of the mixed curing agent to isocyanate groups of the urethane prepolymer is from 1.02 to 1.15.

Abstract: A paper making shoe press belt includes a reinforcing fiber substrate and a polyurethane laminate. The reinforcing fiber substrate is embedded in at least one layer of the polyurethane laminate. At least one layer of the polyurethane laminate includes a polyurethane obtained by heat-curing a urethane prepolymer together with a mixed curing agent. The urethane prepolymer includes a terminal isocyanate group and is obtained by reacting a diisocyanate compound and a long-chain polyol. The diisocyanate compound includes at least one of toluene-diisocyanate, diphenylmethane-diisocyanate, and paraphenylene-diisocyanate. The mixed curing agent includes 70-99.5 mol % of dimethylthiotoluenediamine and 0.5-30 mol % of a curing agent. The curing agent includes at least one of diethyltoluenediamine and hydroquinone bis (?-hydroxyethyl) ether. An equivalent ratio of active hydrogen groups of the mixed curing agent to isocyanate groups of the urethane prepolymer is from 1.02 to 1.15.

Abstract: A process for preparing embossed fine particulate thin metal flakes having high levels of brightness and color intensity. The process comprises forming a release coat on a flexible polymeric carrier film, embossing the release coat with a diffraction grating pattern that is monoruled at an angle above 45°, vacuum metalizing the embossed release surface with a highly reflective metal such as aluminum, and solubilizing the metalized release coat in a solvent for removing the metal from the carrier to form embossed metal flakes that replicate the embossment pattern. The flakes are recovered from the solution containing the solvent and release coat polymer while avoiding high shear, particle sizing or other application of energy that would excessively break up the flakes, so that the D50 particle size of the flakes is maintained at or above 75 microns.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for continuously or semi-continuously producing hot steel strip which, starting from a slab guided through a slab-guiding device, is rolled in a roughing train having at least four-stands, the method comprising: casting a slab in a die, the slab being reduced to a thickness of between 60 and 95 mm in a liquid core reduction process by the adjoining slab-guiding device, a slab support length measured between the meniscus, i.e., the bath level, of the die and an end of the slab-guiding device facing the roughing train being between 12 m and 15.5 m, and a casting speed ranging from 3.8 to 7 m/min. The disclosed combination of casting parameters may ensure that the crater tip of the slab extends to the vicinity of the end of the slab-guiding device independently of the respective maximum casting speeds which are dependent on the particular grade of material.

Abstract: There is provided a molding device for continuous casting equipped with an agitator which receives liquid-phase melt of a conductive material and from which a solid-phase cast product is taken out through the cooling of the melt. The molding device includes a casting mold and an agitator. The casting mold receives the liquid-phase melt from an inlet side and discharges the solid-phase cast product from an outlet side by cooling. The agitator is provided outside the casting mold, and includes an electrode unit and a magnetic field generation device. The electrode unit includes first electrodes positioned at the top and a second electrode positioned therebelow, and the magnetic field generation device includes a permanent magnet for applying a magnetic field to the liquid-phase melt. The first electrodes are provided so as to conduct electricity to the liquid-phase melt, and the second electrode is provided so as to conduct electricity to the solid-phase cast product.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a thermal energy storage system includes multiple thermal energy storage containers adapted to store thermal energy storage media, the containers having high emissivity inner surfaces that are adapted to radiate heat into the stored thermal energy storage media.

Abstract: A device for tempering a room includes at least one component that forms a thermal accumulator and has a surface oriented towards the room. Tubes that are thermally coupled to the component can be traversed by a heating or cooling medium. The tubes are integrated into a panel that contains expanded graphite or is made of expanded graphite. The panel is in areal thermal contact with the surface of the component that faces towards the room.

Abstract: Several apparatuses and methods for providing cooling system interchangeability. One apparatus includes a thermally conductive plate thermally coupled to an integrated circuit. The thermally conductive plate is configured to couple interchangeably to a liquid cooling assembly or an air cooling assembly, and the liquid cooling assembly and the air cooling assembly are separate devices.

Abstract: A cooling system is disclosed for use with an engine. The cooling system may have a heat exchanger fluidly connectable to the engine, and a fan situated adjacent the heat exchanger and configured to generate a flow of air through the heat exchanger. The cooling system may also include an anti-recirculation feature located adjacent the fan and configured to block the flow of air at a center of the fan and allow air to flow at a periphery of the fan.

Abstract: The heat medium heating device includes: a casing in which the flat heat exchange tubes 12 and the PTC heater 13 are stacked in multiple layers and incorporated; and a control substrate of the PTC heater 13 incorporated in the casing. In the heat medium heating device in which a terminal 25A extending from each electrode plate 25 of the PTC heater 13 is directly connected to a connection portion of the control substrate, the width dimension of the flat heat exchange tubes 12 is greater than a contact surface width in a direction in which the terminal 25A extends from each electrode plate 25 in the PTC element 24 of the PTC heater 13, and the electrode plates 25 and the flat heat exchange tubes 12 excluding the PTC element 24 are superimposed in the wide portion.

Abstract: A quick connector having a first element including a piston with a valve for closing an inner duct of the first element and which piston is movable between a first position within a body of the first element and a second position forward of the body and wherein the valve is movable relative to the piston in a direction parallel to an axis of the first element. The connector includes a seal between the piston and the body of the first element and at least one movable member for locking the piston in the first position and a ring for maintaining the movable member in the first position when the first element is coupled to, and during separation of, a second element of the connector and as long as the valve is not closing the inner duct of the first element.

Abstract: A cooled electric assembly includes a box that defines an interior space. An electrical conductor is located within the interior space. A cooling tube is attached to the box. A thermal conductor is located at least partially within the interior space and is in thermal contact with the electrical conductor and in thermal contact with the cooling tube.

Abstract: In a refrigerator, warm air is collected or drawn into a warm air return duct opening located at or near the top of the refrigerated space instead of the bottom. The warm air is passed through an evaporator where it cools. The cooled air is driven into a pressurized plenum located at the bottom of the refrigerated space. The plenum is defined by a screen extending across the bottom of the refrigerated space. Air in the plenum passes through holes in the screen and driven upward. The air flow inside the refrigerator is thus upwardly, i.e., from the bottom to the top.

Abstract: This system (S) comprises a heat exchange plate (2) defining a coolant circulation duct (6) and equipped on the one hand with connector elements (100A, 100B), and on the other hand with a volume compensating device (200) comprising a piston (230) mounted able to slide sealably relative to the plate, between a first retracted position and a second forward position. The system comprises means (8, 82, 84, 300A, 300B) for supplying the duct with coolant, said means comprising connector elements (300A, 300B) complementary to those of the plate (2). A maintaining member (400), which is secured to a first complementary connector element (300A), locks the piston (230) in its first position, when the first connector element of the plate (100A) and the first complementary connector element (300A) are coupled, and keeps the piston (230) in its first position, during separation of the first connector element of the plate (100A) and the first complementary connector element (300A).

Abstract: A baffle construction constructed of two or more individual sections, each exhibiting a two part/two shot injection molded material incorporating attachment details for establishing a structurally supporting framework mounting about the vehicle radiator. The baffle sections each include softer interconnecting hinges incorporating the attachment details which assist in creating the structurally self-supporting frame. The assembled baffle defines a four sided box-like structure mounted around a vehicle radiator for directing incoming air through a fascia opening and into a cooling module associated with the radiator.

Abstract: A thermal module includes a fan device having a fan and a fan housing for covering the fan. A vent is disposed on the fan housing. The thermal module further includes an airflow guiding device attached to the fan housing and disposed on a side of the vent for guiding airflow into the vent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger including exchange components and fluid flow components (2, 2?, 3), at least one fluid collecting tank (11, 11?) into which the exchange components open out (2, 2?, 3), at least one collecting plate (10) for holding the exchange components (2, 2?, 3) and a housing (4) for accommodating the exchange components (2, 2?, 3). The exchanger is characterized in that it includes a flange (5) for fixing the collecting tank (11, 11?) on the housing (4). Thanks to the invention, the transmission of stresses from the flange (5) to the collecting plate (10) is avoided, which means that a thinner collecting plate (10) is able to be formed.

Abstract: A double pipe for a heat exchanger includes an inner pipe having a plurality of spiral projections extending radially outward from an outer peripheral surface of the inner pipe. An outer pipe is disposed around the inner pipe. At least an inner peripheral surface of the outer pipe is at least substantially smooth and has an at least substantially circular cross section. The inner peripheral surface of the outer pipe contacts all of the projections of the inner pipe so as to define a plurality of peripherally-separated, outer flow paths between the inner pipe and the outer pipe. Fluid flowing within an inner flow path defined by the inner pipe exchanges heat with fluid flowing through the outer flow paths. Furthermore, an inscribed circle of the inner pipe has a first diameter (d1), an inscribed circle of the outer pipe has a second diameter (d2), and 0.6<d1/d2.