Abstract: Assembly for delimiting a grazing area for cattle, in particular dairy cattle, comprising at least three holders which are spaced apart and which are directly or indirectly interconnected by one or more delimiting elements, such as wires, which are displaceable by the holders, wherein at least two of the holders are self-propelled and at least one of the holders is designed as a milking station.

Abstract: A scratching apparatus having a base and body configured to removably receive a plurality of scratching units having varied textures, strengths and/or scratching elements. The body is a cylindrical-shaped tower covered with hook and loop fasteners (i.e., Velcro®) configured to receive rectangular-shaped scratching units having varied textures, strengths and/or scratching elements. The pattern of scratching units is created by the pet owner given the pet's likes and dislikes. The body may also take the form of an inverted U such that the pet may pass under a horizontal member of the body to scratch the pet's back or head and use a pair of vertical legs to scratch other body parts. The height of the horizontal member may be adjusted to accommodate different pets.

Abstract: A process for deterring behavior of pets by placing a device on an object to deter pets from getting on said object, without causing pain or risking harm to said pets, where the device is a laminate of a reflective plastic layer having a thickness of about 0.5 to 10.0 mils and capable of making a sound when the sheet is flexed, and a decorative fabric layer, where the layers are joined together to form the device.

Abstract: A strap adjuster to adjust the length of a strap, such as used to form a pet collar, includes side rails and end rails defining a body. A central cross member and spaced ribs extend between the side rails, the central cross member, ribs, and end rails acting to define a plurality of openings. One side of the strap is looped around the central cross member and a second layer of the strap is passed into the strap adjuster through an opening between one rib and one end rail and passes out of the strap adjuster through an opening between the other rib and the other end rail. The ribs include notches or a textured upper surface to provide increased friction with a bottom surface of the strap.

Abstract: A buckle (10) is preferably formed of identical portions (11) each including a metallic base member (12) and a plastic cover (22) molded around a portion of the base member (12). The base member includes a first flange (14) having a slot (16) therein, and a second flange (15) having an opening (18) therein. The cover (22) includes a body portion (23) which carries a magnet (25). A tab (26) and projection (27) form a hook on the body portion (23), and a slot (29) is formed on the body portion (23). When the two portions (11) are attached together to form the buckle (10), the magnets (25) are adjacent to each other and the hook of one portion (11) is received in the slot (29) of the other portion (11). To form a collar (30), one end of a strap (31) is attached to a portion (11) through the slot (16) and the other end of the strap (31) is attached through the other portion (11) through its slot (16). The openings (18) are also aligned so that a leash or the like may be connected to the buckle (10).

Abstract: An exemplary steam generator assembly includes a wall. Produced water acts as film cooling to at least a portion of the wall.

Abstract: The present invention relates to delivery of steam produced by an electrical power generation plant to a lignocellulosic biomass refinery.

Abstract: In some embodiments, systems are provided in which electric power generated from a renewable energy source such as a solar or wind power system during low demand periods is used to drive an electric motor which turns an air hybrid split-cycle engine. The split-cycle engine operates in AC mode during this time to compress air into a storage tank. Later, during high demand periods, compressed air stored in the tank and added fuel are fed to the split-cycle engine, which operates in AEF mode. The work generated by the split-cycle engine turns a generator to produce electric power. When the supply of compressed air stored in the storage tank is depleted, the split-cycle engine can operate in an NF mode to serve as a backup generator, or in an FC mode to serve as a backup generator while simultaneously recharging the air storage tank.

Abstract: A fuel feeding system for storing liquefied gas and feeding gaseous fuel to be used in a piston engine, which fuel feeding system includes at least two cryogenic fuel tank arrangements having a first tank arrangement and a second tank arrangement in connection with each other. The fuel feeding system includes a gaseous fuel feed line connected at its first end to at least one piston engine, in which system the first tank arrangement is provided with a pressure build-up system having a first heat exchanger unit. The inlet of the heat exchanger unit is connected to a bottom section of the first tank arrangement the outlet of which is connectable to the top section of the first tank arrangement. The first tank arrangement and the second tank arrangement are both pressure vessels, and the first tank arrangement is selectively connectable to the fuel feed line by a gas line extending from an outlet in the top section of the first tank arrangement.

Abstract: Improvements in a combustion engine performance and reduced temperature of the combustion engine therefore resulting in an increase in the brake thermal efficiency where the pistons move linearly within the combustion cylinder. A pair of one-way clutches is used to convert the reciprocating linear motion into rotary motion without a crank shaft and without friction or power loss in the engine. High pressure oil is used to intercool the piston and the cylinder walls and is used for lubricating the piston ring. This configuration will improve the engine efficiency and reduce emission and result in a low cost engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the replacement of water and glycol mixtures by a synthetically made diesel as cooling medium, for instance engine coolant in vehicles. The synthetic diesel is environmental-friendly, usable in a wide temperature range, functions as corrosion protection in radiator systems, and transports heat better than water does.

Abstract: An engine assembly includes an engine block at least partially defining a combustion chamber and a crankcase volume. The engine block defines an opening in fluid communication with the crankcase volume. An air-oil separator is mounted to the engine block at the opening and is configured to separate oil from blowby gasses flowing from the crankcase volume through the air-oil separator. A method of venting an engine crankcase volume is also included.

Abstract: The present invention provides a variable valve lift apparatus including an outer body in which a hole is formed horizontally, and that moves upward/downward while slidingly contacting a high cam, an inner body that is inserted in the outer body, a hole is formed in steps such that the hole of the inner body is connected with the hole of the outer body, and moves upward/downward while slidingly contacting a low cam, a latching device that is inserted in the holes of the outer body and the inner body, and causes the movement of the outer body to be selectively dependent on the movement of the inner body, a plate that is located at a side of the latching device such that oil discharge from the outer body can be prevented, an upper seat that partially covers the inner body, and in which an oil passage is formed, and a lost motion spring that is located in the upper seat and provides the outer body with elastic force.

Abstract: A valve timing control device includes a driving rotary element synchronously rotatable with a crankshaft; a driven rotary element mounted coaxially with the driving rotary element and synchronously rotatable with a camshaft; a plurality of partitions provided in the driven rotary element each for dividing a fluid pressure chamber formed between the driving rotary element and the driven rotary element into a regarded angle chamber and an advanced angle chamber; and a connecting element for connecting the driven rotary element to the camshaft. The connecting element includes a flange inserted into a recess formed in the driven rotatory element, and a shaft portion inserted into a through bore formed in a wall of the driving rotary element adjacent to the camshaft. The flange has an outer diameter larger than that of the shaft portion, and is disposed between the driven rotary element and the wall.

Abstract: A configuration of a camshaft phaser (1), having a drive sprocket (2), a stator (3) and a rotor (4), the hydraulic channels (5) and (14) being formed by contact surfaces (7) of the axially contiguous components, such as the drive sprocket (2), the stator (3) and the rotor (4), as well as by recesses (6).

Abstract: A glow plug including a substantially cylindrical housing extending in an axial direction; a rod-shaped heater unit having a front end protruding from the front end of the housing and movable in the axial direction; a connecting member connecting the heater unit to the housing within the housing and allowing the heater unit to move in the axial direction; and a pressure sensor that detects pressure received by the heater unit. The heater unit has a large-diameter portion at the rear end thereof and a small-diameter portion frontward of the large-diameter portion and having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the large-diameter portion. The connecting member connects the small-diameter portion of the heater unit to the housing within the housing.

Abstract: A glow plug wherein a combustion gas prevention wall (67) extends radially outward on the outer circumferential surface of heater (10) such that when the heater (10) is viewed rearward from its forward end (10a) along the axial direction, the combustion gas prevention wall (67) closes an annular gap K1 at a position forward of annular membrane portion (63) of seal member (60). The combustion gas prevention wall (67) has an outer diameter D2 greater than the inner diameter D1 of forward end (136) of the housing.

Abstract: A glow plug includes a heating rod (11), a plug body (13), a mounting device (48) for mounting the heating rod, permitting axial translation movements of the heating rod relative to the plug body and ensuring impermeability between the heating rod and the plug body, and a load sensor (17) which is interposed in a proximal zone between the heating rod and the plug body. The plug body is composed of multiple distinct metal tubes (45, 95) which are rigidly assembled and extend each other axially, including, around the mounting device and the load sensor, a metal distal tube (45) extending a metal proximal tube (95), the distal tube having a lesser thickness than that of the proximal tube.

Abstract: An ignition apparatus which facilitates improvement in energy efficiency as well as materializing an excellent ignitability through effectively utilizing energy used for inductive discharge as a blowout power. The ignition apparatus is used for an ignition plug that includes a center electrode, a ground electrode and a cavity surrounding at least a portion of a clearance formed between the two electrodes to thereby form a discharge space. The ignition apparatus includes a voltage application portion which applies voltage to the clearance and a power supply portion which supplies electric power to the clearance. In addition, a capacitance portion for storing a capacitance is provided, in parallel with the ignition plug, in a voltage application path of the voltage application portion.

Abstract: In a start control system for a vehicle, a memory stores a first setting value used to control a clutch to attain a start standby state and a second setting value used to control the clutch to attain a start preparation position. A clutch controller controls the clutch to attain a start standby state based on the first setting value upon determining that the vehicle has proceeded to a start standby period and controls the clutch to attain a start preparation state, in which the distance between the clutch disks is smaller than that in the start standby state, based on the second setting value upon determining the vehicle has proceeded to a start preparation period. The clutch controller controls the clutch such that the distance between the clutch disks is smaller than that in the start preparation state and carries out control such that an engine speed approaches an engine target speed.

Abstract: A vehicle is provided with a pinion starter for an internal-combustion engine, which vehicle includes a low-voltage onboard power supply system and a high-voltage onboard power supply system. The pinion starter has an electric motor and a solenoid switch, wherein the electric motor is constructed as a polyphase machine. The polyphase machine can be supplied with electric power from the high-voltage onboard power supply system, and the solenoid switch can be electrically supplied by the low-voltage onboard power supply system.

Abstract: A device for holding down a valve for metering fuel in the cylinder head of an internal combustion engine is provided. The valve is inserted for fuel supply, using a connection piece, into a sealing region which presses against the connection piece at an outlet opening of a manifold fixed to the cylinder head. Between a first support shoulder on the side of the valve and a second support shoulder on the side of the manifold, the device has a clamped spring element for transferring a holding-down force onto the valve. In order to achieve an inward deflection of the spring element required for the transfer of the holding-down force, the spring element is prestressed to a prestressing force that is reduced with respect to the holding-down force, and the prestressed spring element is fixed on the valve.

Abstract: A valve seat insert including an annular body disposed about a central axis. The annular body includes a radially inward face that defines an orifice and a radially outward face that is opposite the radially inward face. Additionally, the annular body includes a top face, and a bottom face that is opposite the top face. The valve seat insert further includes a plurality of heat transfer protrusions that extend from the radially outward face of the annular body.

Abstract: A piston for internal combustion engines has a skirt coating, consisting of a wear resistant inner layer consisting of a polymer matrix having ceramic particles, aramide fibers and/or carbon fibers dispersed therein and an outer layer consisting of a polymer matrix having solid lubricants dispersed therein and an outer layer consisting of a polymer matrix having solid lubricants dispersed therein.

Abstract: A device for improvement of reciprocating engine efficiency utilizing a free floating weight positioned between compression springs and assembled on each connecting rod. The springs are restrained on the connecting rods at the ends opposite the weights. The weights move on the connecting rods but lag the connecting rod movement because of inertia. The upper and lower springs are alternately compressed and extended due to operating against the weight during engine rotation. The springs are compressed during the deceleration phase of the stroke and extended during the acceleration phase of the stroke. This transfers energy from the deceleration phase to the acceleration phase during engine rotation thereby increasing engine efficiency.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine may include a cylinder block defining a cylinder, and a crankshaft defining a crankpin, wherein the crankshaft is rotatably received by the cylinder block and rotates about a longitudinal axis. The internal combustion engine may further include a piston configured to reciprocate within the cylinder, and a connecting rod operably coupled to the piston and the crankpin. The connecting rod may include a first rod element having a first distal end and a first proximate end, wherein the first distal end is operably coupled to the piston. The connecting rod may further include a second rod element having a second distal end operably coupled to the first proximate end of the first rod element, and a second proximate end operably coupled to the crankpin, wherein the first rod element and the second rod element are pivotally coupled to one another.

Abstract: An anti-vibration device according to the present invention makes it possible to achieve compactness and sufficient durability without increasing the number of parts. To be specific, an anti-vibration member 10 is made up of an inner cylinder 4, an outer ring 6, and a rubber-like elastic body 8. The outer ring 6 is disposed outside the inner cylinder 4. The outer ring 6 is attached to a frame-side member 5. An end plate 7 is provided at an outer end portion of the inner cylinder 4. The rubber-like elastic body 8 is disposed between the inner cylinder 4, the outer ring 6, and the end plate 7. The anti-vibration rubber assembly 10 is provided on each side of the frame-side member 5. A guide member 9 is interposed between the two inner cylinders 4 and is unified therewith. The inner cylinder 4 is attached to an engine-side bracket 3. The guide member 9 faces the outer ring 6 in the radial direction and guides the inner cylinder 4 in the up-and-down direction.

Abstract: A four-stroke internal combustion engine having an engine brake, at least one exhaust valve per cylinder, each valve actuated by a camshaft and at least one first valve lever arrangement, and a device which advances the exhaust control, with the valve lever arrangement having an exhaust lever actuated by an exhaust cam and a brake lever actuated by a brake cam. The brake lever has a first brake lever part on the side of the camshaft and a second brake lever part on the side of the exhaust valve, with the two brake lever parts being rotatably mounted independent of each other about a lever axis and being rotationally connectable with each other in engine braking operation by a locking element which is adjustable between two positions.

Abstract: An auxiliary valve actuating mechanism of an engine includes a first valve actuating mechanism and an auxiliary valve actuating mechanism. The auxiliary valve actuating mechanism comprises an auxiliary cam, an auxiliary rocker-arm shaft, an auxiliary rocker arm, an eccentric rocker arm bushing and a bushing actuation device. One end of the auxiliary rocker arm constitutes a motion pair with the auxiliary cam and the other end is above the valve. The bushing actuation device actuates the eccentric rocker arm bushing to rotate between an operating position and a non-operating position.

Abstract: A method of controlling a diesel engine includes sensing a speed of the diesel engine, and closing a throttle of the diesel engine when the sensed speed of the diesel engine is equal to or greater than a maximum allowable engine speed to prevent oxygen from entering an intake manifold of the diesel engine, thereby preventing combustion and stopping the operation of the diesel engine. An Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) valve is actuated to regulate circulation of exhaust gas from the diesel engine through the intake manifold to control pressure within the intake manifold to prevent damage to other engine components from excessive positive or negative pressure.

Abstract: A working machine includes a throttle cable for transmitting an amount of operation of a throttle lever to a throttle valve, upper and lower guide rollers for guiding the throttle cable, and a throttle cable tightening/loosening means including a pivotable arm portion having a pressing roller located between the upper and lower guide rollers. The working machine further includes connecting means interconnecting the arm portion and a clutch lever. Operation of the clutch lever moves the pressing roller between a tightening position to tighten the throttle cable and a slackening position to slacken the throttle cable.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high-pressure pump which can easily be installed in an internal-combustion engine. Specifically disclosed is a high-pressure pump 1 provided with a mounting member 100. The mounting member 100 is fixed to a pivot 70 so as to keep such an attitude of a rocker arm 60 that the protruding end part of the pivot 70 is positioned within a concave 65a formed on a second end 65 of the rocker arm 60 and that the outer circumferential surface of the protruding end part of the pivot 70 is apart from the inner circumferential surface of the concave 65a by coming in contact with an arm body 62 of the rocker arm 60 to resist a turn of the rocker arm 60 around a roller 61 under the weight thereof, before a plunger 50 is brought into contact with a first end 64 of the rocker arm 60, and so as to come out of contact with the arm body 62 when the rocker arm 60 turns in reverse to the turn under the weight thereof, after the plunger 50 is brought into contact with the first end 64.

Abstract: A fuel injection system is described for injecting slurry fuels into the combustion chamber of a diesel engine, equipped with a fuel common rail, and fitted with a gas to fuel contactor chamber for dissolving supplementary atomizing gas into the continuous phase of the slurry fuel, at high pressure. Each fuel injector comprises a combined double valve for starting and stopping fuel injection, so that slurry fuel containing atomizing gas is only depressurized when injected into the engine combustion chamber, when such depressurization greatly improves fuel atomization and combustion efficiency. In this way small bore, high speed, diesel engines can be efficiently operated on high viscosity, low cost fuels such as tars from tar sands, tars from coal and biomass, and residual petroleum fuels.

Abstract: There is proposed a variable stroke assembly having a primary crank, the primary crank having a primary axis of rotation; a hypocycloid gear set having at least one internal gear and at least one spur gear, the internal gear having an axis of rotation that coincides with the primary axis of rotation of the primary crank and the spur gear having a secondary axis of rotation, wherein the primary crank cooperatively engages and rotates within the internal gear about the primary axis of rotation, the spur gear pivotally mounted on the primary crank such that the secondary axis of rotation is offset from the primary axis of rotation; a secondary crank having a third axis of rotation, wherein the secondary crank cooperatively engages the spur gear such that the third axis of rotation is further offset from the primary and secondary axis of rotation; a connecting rod, with a first and second end, the first end of connecting rod is pivotally connected to the secondary crank, wherein operation the connecting rod trave

Abstract: A vehicle fuel pump assembly, method of construction thereof, and a fuel tank assembly is provided. The fuel pump assembly includes a non-conductive plastic reservoir and an electrically powered fuel pump disposed in the reservoir. The fuel pump is configured to receive fuel through an inlet and to dispense fuel through an outlet. A fuel filter assembly having a non-conductive plastic housing is disposed in the reservoir and a coating of conductive material is bonded to the housing. A conductive lead is configured in electrical communication with the coating and is further configured for attachment to an electrical ground.

Abstract: A method for improving purging of fuel vapors from a fuel vapor storage canister to an engine is presented. In one example, the method adjusts engine operation to provide sonic flow between a canister and the engine. In this way, it may be possible to lower an amount of fuel vapors stored in a canister while the engine continues to operate efficiently.

Abstract: A control part conducts a pulse width modulation control for a first valve and a second valve in a manner that a sum of a first flow rate of fluid flowing through a first passage and a second flow rate of fluid flowing through a second passage agrees with a target flow rate. When the target flow rate is less than a sum of the maximum of the first flow rate and the maximum of the second flow rate, the control part controls a control timing of a first signal driving the first valve and a control timing of a second signal driving the second valve to be different from each other.

Abstract: A method and device for monitoring errors in an exhaust gas recirculation line, including supplying an engine with fresh air via a supply duct using a compressor, discharging exhaust gas via an exhaust duct using a gas turbine, a subflow of the gas being supplied from a low-pressure area of the exhaust duct downstream from the turbine, via the recirculation line, to an intake air low-pressure area of the supply duct upstream from the compressor, an exhaust gas mass flow of the subflow in the recirculation line is set via a valve, a fresh air mass flow being set by a fresh air throttle, or via an exhaust flap in the exhaust duct. Where the fresh air throttle or the exhaust flap is opened when the recirculation line is free of errors, an error in the recirculation line is deduced if the throttle or flap is at least partially closed.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas heat exchange device includes an inflow portion, a first outflow portion, a second outflow portion and a flow-rate adjustment portion. The inflow portion is provided on one end side of a casing that a cooling medium flows into a cooling medium passage. The first outflow portion is provided on the other end side of the casing so that the cooling medium flows out of the cooling medium passage. Moreover, the second outflow portion is provided on the one side of the cooling medium passage and at a position opposed to the inflow portion. The flow-rate adjustment portion is provided so as to generally allow the cooling medium to flow out through the first outflow portion and of the second outflow portion, and to adjust a ratio of flow rates of the cooling medium flowing out through the first outflow portion and the second outflow portion.

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve with improved space efficiency, improved stability, and maximized driving force and a method of manufacturing cam thereof. The EGR includes a housing, a drive motor, and a power transmission unit connected to the drive motor to transmit power generated by the drive motor. The power transmission unit includes gears, a rotary shaft connected to one of the gears constituting the power transmission unit, an actuating cam connected to the rotary shaft to move in a rotational direction thereof, the actuating cam having a guide groove formed therein, and a valve member operatively connected to the actuating cam to selectively open and close an exhaust gas flow channel in the housing according to operation of the actuating cam. One end of the valve member contacts a top of the guide groove such that the valve member is operated simultaneously when the actuating cam rotates.

Abstract: In an automotive plug ignition coil core system and method, a first core is formed of stacked laminations each of which comprises a segmented lamination strip folded around to create an enclosed loop shape. Each strip has four segments and a hinge web is provided between first and second, second and third, and third and fourth segments. A grain direction of electrical steel runs lengthwise in each of the segments. A second core inside of the closed loop first core is formed of a plurality of stacked laminations, each lamination having a grain direction of electrical steel running lengthwise.

Abstract: Combustion chamber inserts and associated methods of use and manufacture are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a combustion chamber assembly comprises a cylinder having a cylinder wall at least partially defining a combustion chamber, an intake valve, an exhaust valve, and a piston. The intake valve has an intake valve surface exposed to the combustion chamber, the exhaust valve has an exhaust valve surface exposed to the combustion chamber, and the piston has a piston surface exposed to the combustion chamber. At least one of the cylinder wall, the intake valve surface, the exhaust valve surface, and/or the piston surface includes an insulative portion composed of a synthetic matrix characterization of crystals that is configured to retain heat in the combustion chamber that is generated from a combustion event in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a target launching machine (1) having a circular section portion, said machine comprising a launching arm (2) able to rotate about an axis of rotation (3) and a bearing surface (4) of the circular portion section, characterized in that the bearing surface (4) has an 10 offset portion configured so that the distance between the trajectory of the launching arm (2) and the offset portion increases in the direction of rotation of the launching arm (2).

Abstract: An arrow rest for retaining an arrow in a shooting position on an archery bow. The arrow rest includes a structure surrounding a opening. The structure including a gap configured to pass the arrow into the opening. A gate is pivotally attached to the structure and biased to extend across the gap in a closed position. The structure completely surrounds the opening when the gate is in the closed position. A plurality of arrow supports are attached to the structure and extend radially into the opening toward the shooting position. At least one of the arrow supports is pivotally attached to the structure and biased toward the shooting position. The arrow support is biased to capture the arrow against the other arrow supports in the shooting position and to be displaced away from the shooting position when the arrow is launched from the archery bow.

Abstract: The pneumatic toy gun has a nozzle through which a soft ball travels. At one end of the nozzle there is an outlet from which the ball is expelled and at the other end there is an inlet for receipt of a stream of gas under pressure. A constriction such as fins or an annulus are mounted within the tube and function to inhibit the use of the gun to fire balls having a diameter smaller than that of balls which are intended to be shot from the toy gun.

Abstract: An air pistol is provided with a gas cartridge including a reservoir and upper internal threads; a valve including lower external threads releasably secured to the internal threads, a lengthwise central channel, an inclined tunnel having one end communicating with the channel and the other end terminated at an outer surface of the valve, and an inverted L-shaped passage communicating with the channel; a spring actuated plunger slidably disposed in the valve and including at least one upper outlet; a sealing member disposed under the plunger and fastened in the channel; and an elongated, hollow connector disposed in the air pistol and inserted into the channel to push the plunger toward the sealing member so as to create a fluid path from the reservoir, the passage, the at least one upper outlet, and the channel to the hollow connector.

Abstract: An air pistol is provided with a hollow connector in a first chamber and releasably secured to a gas cartridge, the connector including an axial channel; a pressure stabilization assembly including a pressure stabilization chamber between the connector and the trigger, a spring biased cup in the first chamber, a sealing member on a bottom of the cup, and outlets between the sealing member and the connector; and a relief valve in a second chamber and including a passageway communicating the pressure stabilization chamber with one end of the second chamber, a spring biased plunger in the second chamber adjacent to the passageway, a blocking member fastened in the plunger and proximate to one end of the second chamber, a pressure adjustment screw at the other end of the second chamber, and an exit tunnel through the pressure adjustment screw to communicate with the second chamber.

Abstract: A bow limb retaining assembly comprises a limb and a retainer having a cavity for receiving the limb. The retainer comprises opposed lateral surfaces, a first abutting surface arranged to contact a compression surface of the limb and a second abutting surface arranged to contact a tension surface of the limb. A first length portion of the retainer includes the first abutting surface and excludes the second abutting surface, and a second length portion of the retainer includes the second abutting surface and excludes the first abutting surface.

Abstract: A cutting chain for a hand-operated implement for cutting metal and mineral materials such as a stone cutter has central connecting links which are connected to one another by lateral connecting links. The central connecting links comprise first central connecting links which each have a drive tooth. The cutting chain has two central connecting links with drive teeth shaped differently to the drive teeth on the first central connecting links; or located a different distance from the leading drive teeth; or having no drive teeth. A hand-operated implement for cutting mineral materials has a drive motor which drives the cutting chain around a guide bar by a drive sprocket. The cutting chain is guided round part of the circumference of the drive sprocket and round a nose sprocket on the guide bar. The drive sprocket or nose sprocket have different first and second areas matched to the cutting chain.

Abstract: A portable fire pit (10) is of a metal construction and has an upper section (12) in which combustible materials are placed for burning. A cooking chamber (14) is mounted beneath the upper section and food placed in the chamber is cooked by radiated heat. Legs (16) are installed at each corner of the fire pit to support the fire pit in an upright position.