Abstract: A reference angle detecting device includes a control shaft connected to a controlled object, an electric motor causing the control shaft to rotate via a worm gear mechanism, a stopper disposed on a motion track of a worm wheel, an angle sensor that can detect a rotation angle of the control shaft, and a controller. The stopper includes a spring member which is elastically deformable in an operation direction of the worm wheel. The controller drives the electric motor to operate so that the worm wheel may face the stopper, and stores the rotation angle at a time point when a change rate ? of the rotation angle ? detected by the angle sensor changes to a value less than a predetermined threshold ?1 as a reference angle ?0. Therefore, the reference angle can be detected with high accuracy for control of an angle of the control shaft.

Abstract: In a control device for a three-phase rotating machine with first and second winding sets, a current feedback computing section includes a current sum controller and a current difference controller. The current sum controller multiplies, by a sum gain, an error between a sum of current command values for alternating currents output from first and second inverters and a sum of sensed current values and computes a sum of voltage command values. The current difference controller multiplies, by a difference gain, an error between a difference of the current command values and a difference between the sensed current values, and computes a difference of voltage command values. In a variable-responsiveness mode, a gain ratio between the sum gain and the difference gain is varied according to a reference frequency such that the current sum controller and the current different controller are different in responsiveness.

Abstract: The present invention includes an induction motor soft starter that includes a bypass contactor loop on which is disposed two anti-parallel connected SCRs and a current limiting reactor that limits the current rise during the switching on of the SCRs.

Abstract: A card-style solar charger includes a flexible substrate, a solar cell, and a transparent cover membrane which are stacked up in bottom-to-top order and is characterized in that the card-style solar charger has an output end electrically connected to a connector of a transmission cable for supplying electric power. The card-style solar charger comes with different output ends to suit different contacts of a connector. Due to its card-like appearance and its way of generating solar power, the card-style solar charger is portable, lightweight, compact, easy to use, capable of instant charging, and widely applicable.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a main body, a solar panel rotatably coupled to the main body, a driving mechanism for rotating the solar panel to different orientations, a detecting unit for detecting intensities of the sunlight received in different orientations, and a processor. The processor compares the detected intensities to determine a greatest intensity, and controls the driving mechanism to rotate the solar panel to an optimal orientation for a short period of time. A charging method implemented by the electronic device is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for portable solar panel assemblies configured to enable the unit to be transported by multiple means in order to provide both grid tied and off grid power as needed. Solar panel assemblies are configured to have a range of rotation of approximately 0 to 25 degrees in two directions to allow efficient sunlight capture. The solar panel assembly in the closed position will allow for more compact and aerodynamic profile when being transported.

Abstract: In one implementation, an input power management component receives an input power, and determines whether an input current and voltage satisfies predetermined thresholds. A boost component generates a boost output voltage using the input voltage if the input current satisfies a predetermined current threshold, and a step-down charging component converts the boost output voltage to a voltage for charging a battery and system power management.

Abstract: A zinc-air cell, a battery which is a low weight, low volume, or high energy system, or a combination thereof, and an apparatus for recharging the same are disclosed.

Abstract: A multiple cell battery charger configured with a parallel topography is disclosed. In accordance with an important aspect of the invention, the multiple cell battery charger requires fewer active components than known battery chargers while at the same time protecting multiple battery cells from overcharge and discharge. The multiple cell battery charger in accordance with the present invention is a constant voltage battery charger that includes a regulator for providing a regulated source of direct current (DC) voltage to the battery cells to be charged. In accordance with the present invention, each battery cell is connected in series with a switching device, such as a field effect transistor (FET) and optionally a current sensing device. In a charging mode, the serially connected FET conducts, thus enabling the battery cell to be charged. The battery voltage is sensed by a microprocessor.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a charging method and a user equipment. The charging method includes: measuring a maximum output current value of a charger according to a received fast charging instruction; setting a charging current value for a battery of a user equipment according to the maximum output current value; receiving, from the charger, a first charging current corresponding to the charging current value; and disconnecting the charger if a charging temperature of the battery is detected to be higher than a preset temperature. The charging method and user equipment provided in the present disclosure solve problems in the prior art that the charger is damaged because of overloading in case of emergency charging, and that the battery of the user equipment is overcharged because of an over-high charging temperature, so that safe and fast charging is implemented.

Abstract: A charging apparatus for charging a battery includes: a control unit that obtains information indicating a status of the battery from the battery and controls permitting or prohibiting charging the battery depending on whether or not the obtained information satisfies a predetermined first condition; a charging detecting unit that detects whether or not the battery is being charged; a charging discontinuing unit that obtains the information indicating the status of the battery from the battery and discontinues charging the battery independently of the control by the control unit to permit or prohibit charging when the obtained information satisfies a predetermined second condition; and a diagnosing unit that inputs diagnostic information satisfying the second condition to the charging discontinuing unit in addition to the information indicating the status of the battery or as a replacement for the information indicating the battery status based upon information entered from the control unit.

Abstract: A charging device that includes an alternating current (AC) direct current (DC) adapter and a wireless charger. In one implementation the charging device combines an AC/DC adapter and a wireless charger into a same housing.

Abstract: An apparatus and method efficiently integrating inductive and conductive charging systems, including embodiments directed towards enabling user selection of either, or both, of conductive and inductive charging. Conductive charging and inductive charging both have, in certain contexts or when judged by different criteria, advantages over the other. Systems and methods relying on one or the other would not have as wide-spread value to a user with opportunities to access both types of charging modalities.

Abstract: A wireless charging system includes a primary inductive coil configured to transfer electromagnetic energy to a secondary inductive coil of a portable electronic device. The wireless charging system also includes a coil driver electrically coupled to the primary inductive coil and configured to adjust an output signal of the primary inductive coil. The wireless charging system further includes a receiver configured to receive an input signal from the portable electronic device, and a controller communicatively coupled to the receiver and to the coil driver. The controller is configured to establish a wireless charging protocol based on the input signal, and to automatically regulate the output signal based on the established wireless charging protocol and the input signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enabling efficient wireless power transfer, and charging of devices and batteries, in a manner that allows freedom of placement of the devices or batteries in one or multiple (e.g., one, two or three) dimensions. In accordance with various embodiments, applications include inductive or magnetic charging and power, and wireless powering or charging of, e.g., mobile, electronic, electric, lighting, batteries, power tools, kitchen, military, medical or dental, industrial applications, vehicles, trains, or other devices or products. In accordance with various embodiments, the systems and methods can also be generally applied, e.g., to power supplies or other power sources or charging systems, such as systems for transfer of wireless power to a mobile, electronic or electric device, vehicle, or other product.

Abstract: Systems and methods for enabling efficient wireless power transfer, and charging of devices and batteries, in a manner that allows freedom of placement of the devices or batteries in one or multiple (e.g., one, two or three) dimensions. In accordance with various embodiments, applications include inductive or magnetic charging and power, and wireless powering or charging of, e.g., mobile, electronic, electric, lighting, batteries, power tools, kitchen, military, medical or dental, industrial applications, vehicles, trains, or other devices or products. In accordance with various embodiments, the systems and methods can also be generally applied, e.g., to power supplies or other power sources or charging systems, such as systems for transfer of wireless power to a mobile, electronic or electric device, vehicle, or other product.

Abstract: An inductive power transfer system includes an inductive power transmitter in the shape of a container that is capable of holding one or more electrical devices. The system is operable to transfer power inductively to devices stowed within the container via inductive power receivers. The inductive power transmitter includes at least one primary inductor configured to couple inductively with at least one secondary inductor and at least one driver configured to provide a variable electric potential at a driving frequency across said primary inductor. The inductive power receiver may comprise at least one secondary inductor connectable to a receiving circuit and an electric load, said secondary inductor configured to couple inductively with said at least one primary inductor such that power is transferred to said electric load.

Abstract: An assembly for electrically recharging vehicles, to which individual radio units are assigned, having a parking space for a vehicle, a recharging station assigned to the parking space for cable-connected recharging of a vehicle located therein, and a transceiver connecting to the recharging station for communication with a radio unit, wherein the transceiver clears the recharging station for the recharging process depending on the communication with the radio unit, and the transceiver has a communication zone, which is restricted to the region of the parking space or can locate a radio unit as being located in this restricted region.

Abstract: A charging control device includes: a remaining charge acquisition unit that obtains a remaining charge of a rechargeable battery for an electric vehicle; a lifespan information acquisition unit that obtains lifespan information expressing a degree of deterioration of the rechargeable battery; an environmental information acquisition unit that obtains information indicating a peripheral temperature of the electric vehicle; and a charging plan updating unit that creates a charging plan including a target remaining charge of the rechargeable battery and a charging process up to achievement of the target remaining charge.

Abstract: A charging station for portable electronic devices includes a base having a substantially vertical and forward facing wall and at least one suction cup secured to the wall to temporarily secure the portable electronic devices to the wall in a position that the portable electronic devices can be viewed and operated while recharging. When more than one suction cup is provided they can be secured in laterally spaced-apart positions so that multiple portable electronic devices can be secured side-by-side for recharging or more than one suction cup can secure a portable electronic device. The suction cups can also be secured in vertically spaced apart positions so that the suction cup can engage the portable electronic device at a desired height or so that more than one suction cup can secure the portable electronic device. The charging station can also organize mail, keys, wallets, and the like.

Abstract: A control apparatus includes: a target value obtaining unit obtaining a total target value of power to be discharged from storage batteries; an SOH obtaining unit obtain information on a state of health for each of the storage batteries; a charge control unit determining how the power of the total target value is divided among and discharged from each of the storage battery. The charge control unit (i) compares the state of health of a first storage battery and the state of health of a second storage battery, and, in the case where the state of health of the second storage battery is higher than the state of health of the first storage battery, (ii) discharges from the second storage battery second power lower than first power which is discharged from the first storage battery.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus includes: a plurality of power supply units; a positive polarity coupling portion; and a negative polarity coupling portion; each of the power supply units is provided with: battery units; first relays connected in series to the battery units, capable of disconnecting electrical connection between the battery units and any one of the positive polarity coupling portion and the negative polarity coupling portion; resistor elements having one ends which are connected to the battery units between the battery units and the first relay; a resistor coupling portion; and a second relay connected to the resistor coupling portion, capable of disconnecting electrical connection between the resistor coupling portion and any one of the positive polarity coupling portion and the negative polarity coupling portion which is connected to the first relays, the second relay having fewer in number than the number of the power supply units.

Abstract: A charge/discharge control system for a storage battery assembly includes a plurality of battery blocks each connected in parallel to a charge/discharge main bus via protective resistors, and a plurality of switches connected in parallel to the protective resistors, between the charge/discharge main bus and the plurality of battery blocks. In a state in which the plurality of switches are all on, when one of the plurality of switches turns off and a parallel off occurs, a charge/discharge control device performs processing for throttling the charge/discharge power, that flows to the charge/discharge main bus, in accordance with a pre-set reference. When the parallel off is canceled by the throttling processing, the charge/discharge power is restored.

Abstract: Provided is a storage battery system comprising a plurality of storage batteries connected in parallel, characterized by detecting the temperature and energy amount of each battery connected in parallel, calculating the deterioration rate of each battery based on the detected temperature and energy-amount, and controlling the power amount to be inputted to and output from each battery so that the deterioration rate of each storage battery will come closer to each other.

Abstract: A mobile device adapted for dynamic power management. The mobile device includes an output power port, a voltage converter adapted to convert an input voltage to provide an output voltage to the output power port, and a processor. The processor is adapted to monitor at least one load electrically to determine when the at least one load will become active or inactive, determine a minimum required output voltage to be provided by the voltage converter based on the at least one load that will become active or inactive, control the voltage converter to provide at least the minimum required output voltage on the output power port in advance of the at least one load becoming active or after the at least one load becomes inactive, and when the input voltage is below the first threshold, control the voltage converter to reduce the output voltage.

Abstract: A module converting voltage between a high-voltage electrical network and at least one energy storage element an aircraft, the conversion module configured to reversibly convert between a DC voltage of the high-voltage electrical network and a DC voltage of the energy storage element, the DC voltage of the energy storage element floating relative to the DC voltage of the high-voltage electrical network and centered relative to the mass of the aircraft, the module including an input module including two filters each capable of receiving a DC voltage, a first arm and a second arm including switches, and a mechanism controlling the switches, operating per cycle of a switching period and capable of controlling at least one first switch and at least one second switch identically but offset by a half-period, whereby the first switch is open when the second switch is closed and vice versa.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a battery device, a battery management system, and a battery management method which can facilitate management of a battery. A battery device 11 includes a battery 51, an IC chip 53, and a direct-current blocking section 52. The direct-current power of the battery 51 is outputted via power lines 17, 18. By the IC chip 53, stored battery information is outputted via the power lines 17, 18 by load-modulating an alternating-current signal exchanged via the power lines 17, 18. By the direct-current blocking section 52, the direct-current power outputted via the power lines 17, 18 is blocked from being inputted to the IC chip 53. A voltage generating section 151 that is connected in parallel with the IC chip 53, and supplies a voltage generated by the alternating-current signal exchanged via the power lines 17, 18 to the IC chip 53 can be provided. The present invention can be applied to an electronic apparatus.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for adjusting a voltage of a DC intermediate circuit in a battery system composed of a battery and a drive system. The battery is connected to the drive system via the DC intermediate circuit and comprises at least one battery module that has a coupling unit and at least one battery cell connected between a first input and a second input of the coupling unit. In a first method step, the at least one battery cell of the at least one battery module is decoupled during a first variable time period by emitting a corresponding control signal to the coupling unit of the at least one battery module, and the at least one battery module is bridged on the output side so that an output voltage of the battery becomes zero.

Abstract: Power supply stand output to the portable device is adjusted according to the power adjustment signals. Maximum power supply stand output is limited to a power output threshold value. The portable device compares the power received from the power supply stand to the required power. When the received power is lower than the required power, the portable device sends a power adjustment signal to the power supply stand, which is an increase-power-request signal. When the received power is greater than the required power, the portable device sends a decrease-power-request signal to the power supply stand. The power supply stand adjusts output and limits it to the power output threshold value. When continuous output of increase-power-request signals from the portable device is detected over a preset time period, a foreign object is determined to be on the power supply stand.

Abstract: A method for controlling charge of a battery includes: when charging a battery, monitoring a temperature of the battery in real time, and acquiring a corresponding dynamic factor according to the temperature of the battery, wherein the dynamic factor is used for characterizing a dynamically regulating component of a charge current coefficient during the charge process; calculating a maximum allowed charge current according to the dynamic factor and preset static factors; and controlling the charge of the battery according to the maximum allowed charge current. This enables adaptive charge management according to application scenarios, which effectively avoids the situation where the charge current of the battery is too high or too low, improves the environmental adaptability of battery charging, and further extends the service life of the battery and saves costs. Also provided is a method for controlling charge of a battery.

Abstract: The contactless method of supplying power magnetically couples a portable device receiving coil with a power supply stand transmitting coil and transmits power by magnetic induction. The portable device sends power adjustment signals to the power supply stand, and the stand adjusts transmitting coil output based on the power adjustment signals. The portable device compares the power received from the stand to the required power, sends an increase-power-request signal if the received power is below the required power, and sends a decrease-power-request signal if the received power is above the required power. Power adjustment signals include increase-power-request weighting values that increase with the size of the request to increase power and/or rate-of-change weighting values that increase with the amount of change in the requested power. Weighting values output with a given period are added and a foreign object is judged to be present when the sum attains a set value.

Abstract: There are provided a power supplying apparatus controlling voltage of a power factor correcting circuit according to a power state and a power charging apparatus controlling voltage of a power factor correcting circuit according to a charging state of a battery. The power supplying apparatus includes: a power factor correcting circuit switching input power to correct a power factor thereof and adjusting a voltage level of the power of which the power factor has been corrected according to a state of power transferred to a load; and a resonant DC to DC converting circuit having a resonance frequency varied according to a voltage level of DC power from the power factor correcting circuit and converting the DC power from the power factor correcting circuit into supply power having a preset level according to the resonance frequency.

Abstract: A device and method are provided for saving power and electricity in a charging device such for external power supplies and battery chargers having a primary circuit and a secondary circuit where a switch is located in the primary circuit and a current sensing device in the secondary circuit to sense when there is a drop in current in the secondary circuit or no current in the secondary circuit because the load or a cell phone is charged and when this occurs the switch in the primary circuit is opened and the primary circuit no longer draws power from the source of power until the switch in the primary circuit is closed by activation of a user of the charging device.

Abstract: Some embodiments relate to an example system for adjusting an exercise schedule of a generator. The system includes the generator and a controller that exercises the generator according to the exercise schedule. The controller modifies the exercise schedule based on generator use. In some of the example embodiments described herein, the controller is a generator controller. Other embodiments relate to a method for adjusting an exercise schedule of a generator. The method includes exercising the generator according to the exercise schedule, and modifying the exercise schedule based on generator use.

Abstract: A device and a method for inhibiting vibration of a superconducting magnetic suspension rotor. The device comprises a rotor cavity housing, lateral coils, a superconducting rotor with a rotor top plane, a copper plate, pole shoes, a z-axial vibration measuring sensor, an x-axial vibration measuring sensor, a y-axial vibration measuring sensor, and a copper ring, the pole shoes having a spherical inner surface and being arranged symmetrically up and down so as to form a rotor cavity; the annular lateral coils being closely adjacent to an outside cylindrical surface of the rotor cavity housing and fixed to the same; the z-axial vibration measuring sensor being fixed to a central region of the copper plate; the x-axial vibration measuring sensor being mounted along an x-coordinate axis and the y-axial vibration measuring sensor mounted on a on the copper ring which is mounted along an equatorial plane of the rotor.

Abstract: A load driving device and system, and a limiting point control method and device. The load driving device comprising: a voltage/current regulative main circuit placed under the control of an output current controller, for use in conducting a voltage conversion on an input voltage, and in supplying electric power to a subsequent load unit; a sampling unit connected to an output terminal of the main circuit, for use in sampling an output feature parameter of the main circuit; the output current controller, for use in controlling a limiting point of the main circuit, and on the basis of the adjustment direction of the limiting point and on changes of the output feature parameters of the main circuit before and after an adjustment, determining a steady working point for the main circuit, and controlling the main circuit to work at the steady working point. The load driving device and system enable an increase in driver reliability and a reduction in circuit complexity.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter is provided. The DC-DC converter a power stage includes a first high side driver and a protecting circuit including a second high side driver, wherein the first high side driver and the second high side driver are connected in parallel, and operate in complementary.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technology related to an apparatus for controlling or analyzing a power converting module, and more particularly, to a technology for improving imbalance of power quantities processed by a plurality of power converting modules. Relative power quantities processed by the modules are detected through a common circuit element installed in an input terminal or an output terminal shared by the plurality of modules, without detecting information acquired through current or voltage sensors individually installed in respective modules, and control values of the respective modules may be compensated for through the detected relative power quantities or may be output in a form where a user can easily identify them.

Abstract: A novel integrated switched mode power supply circuit that provides supply voltages to an integrated circuit may be of minimal complexity and have the capacity for a wide range of input supply voltages. The novel power supply may include cascaded, unregulated step-down charge pumps (e.g. unregulated voltage splitters), one or more linear regulators coupled to the output of the cascaded voltage splitters, and a start-up current source to provide the IC supply current until the input supply voltage is sufficiently high for the voltage splitter(s) to be functional to provide the IC supply current. Furthermore, each voltage splitter may be activated or disabled depending on the value of the input supply voltage, and the input of a disabled voltage splitter may be shorted to its output via an integrated power switch. Using (cascaded) voltage splitters to provide the IC supply current reduces overall power dissipation in the IC.

Abstract: A dynamic current limiter circuit is disclosed. The dynamic current limiter includes an input node an output node. The dynamic current limiter also includes a current control valve coupled between the input and output nodes, the current control valve being configured to limit current flow between the input and output nodes based on a control input. The dynamic current limiter also includes a current change detector coupled between the input and output nodes, the current change detector being configured to detect a change in current through the input and output nodes and generate a control signal configured to drive the control input. The current control valve is configured to limit current flow between the input and output nodes in response to the current control signal.

Abstract: A voltage regulating apparatus is disclosed. The voltage regulating apparatus includes: a power transistor having a control terminal, a first terminal for receiving a power supply, and a second terminal for providing an output voltage; a feedback circuit coupled to the second terminal, configured for providing a feedback voltage according to the output voltage; an amplifier having a source current unit and a sink current unit, configured for driving the power transistor through the control terminal by use of the source and sink current units according to a reference voltage and the feedback voltage; and a transient enhancement unit configured for monitoring the source and sink current units, and regulating a voltage at the control terminal according to the monitored result.

Abstract: A low-dropout voltage regulator includes a power transistor configured to receive an input voltage and to provide a regulated output voltage at an output voltage node. The power transistor includes a control electrode configured to receive a driver signal. A reference circuit is configured to generate a reference voltage. A feedback network is coupled to the power transistor and is configured to provide a first feedback signal and a second feedback signal. The first feedback signal represents the output voltage and the second feedback signal represents an output voltage gradient. An error amplifier is configured to receive the reference voltage and the first feedback signal representing the output voltage. The error amplifier is configured to generate the driver signal dependent on the reference voltage and the first feedback signal. The error amplifier includes an output stage that is biased with a bias current responsive to the second feedback signal.

Abstract: A soft start circuit includes an error amplifier for generating a control signal according to an input voltage, a feedback voltage and a reference voltage, a feedback circuit for generating the feedback voltage according to an output voltage, an internal voltage source for generating a soft start voltage, and a sink circuit including a first transformation module for generating a first transformation current according to the soft start voltage, a second transformation module for generating a second transformation current according to the feedback voltage, a comparison module coupled to the first transformation module and the second transformation module for generating a comparison result according to the first transformation current and the second transformation current, and an output module coupled to the comparison module for generating a sink current according to the comparison result, so as to control the control signal.

Abstract: A battery power supply with extended shelf-life is composed of a plurality of batteries connected in series with a switching element and voltage booster. The switching element is composed of a transistor in parallel with a passive component that produces a voltage drop when the transistor is off. The voltage booster maintains an output voltage at set value when battery capacity deteriorates. A micro-controller is used to monitor voltage potentials to detect the presence of an external load. When no load is detected, all active components are disabled to conserve energy and avoid self-discharge.

Abstract: A control circuit for a switching voltage regulator is configured to receive an error signal representative of a regulator output voltage in relation to a nominal output voltage, and includes a set/reset flip-flop, a hysteresis comparator and a logic circuit. The flip-flop is configured to produce a switching control signal according to logic values at its set and reset terminals. The comparator is configured to produce a set signal at the set terminal when an error signal drops below a first value, and a reset signal when the error signal rises above a second value. The logic circuit is configured to prevent transmission of the reset signal to the reset terminal during a selected minimum time period and to thereafter enable transmission of the reset signal, and further, to produce an alternate reset signal at the reset terminal at the end of the selected maximum time period.

Abstract: There is provided a power supply circuit. A switching regulator is configured to drop a battery voltage to a first specific voltage. A series regulator includes a switching element and a capacitor connected at an output stage of the switching element. The series regulator is configured to drop the first specific voltage to a second specific voltage and output the second specific voltage. A control circuit is configured to adjust an amount of electric charge to be accumulated in the capacitor according to a voltage value of the first specific voltage.

Abstract: A power tracking device and a power tracking method is disclosed herein. The power tracking device includes a power voltage setting circuit, a switch, a switching signal circuit, and a voltage memory circuit. The switching signal circuit is configured for sending a first control signal to the switch. When the switch receives the first control signal and electrically isolates the power source and the power voltage setting circuit, the voltage memory circuit stores an open circuit voltage of the power source and sends a setting voltage relative to the open circuit voltage, and when the switch receives the first control signal and electrically connects the power source and the power voltage setting circuit, the power voltage setting circuit sets an output voltage of the power source to correspond with the setting voltage.

Abstract: A temperature corrected voltage bandgap circuit is provided. The circuit includes first and second diode connected transistors. A first switched compare circuit is coupled to the one transistor to inject or remove a first current into or from the transistor. The first current is selected to correct for curvature in the output voltage of the bandgap circuit at one of hotter or colder temperatures.

Abstract: A wake-up circuit used in an electronic device, the electronic device comprising a power supply and a load. The wake-up circuit includes a receiving unit receiving a wake-up signal, a control unit continuously generating an enable signal for a first predetermined time period when the receiving unit receives the wake-up signal, a voltage converter, and a processing unit. The power supply provides a secondary voltage to the voltage converter when the electronic device is in the standby state; the voltage converter converts the secondary voltage to a working voltage in response to the enable signal. The processing unit is powered by the working voltage to generate the enable signal and output the enable signal to the voltage converter and generates a control signal when the processing unit determines that the wake-up signal is a power-on command, the control signal controls the power supply to power the load.

Abstract: A method of material analysis, including; placing an electrode in proximity to the material; applying a voltage signal to generate plasma, preferably Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Air, between the material and the electrode; moving the electrode relative to the surface; monitoring an electrical signal associated with the microdischarge; and detecting a change in a physical characteristic of the material through variation in the monitored signal.