Abstract: A butting step S1 of butting end surfaces of multi-core fibers against each other by aligning central axes CA of clads 20 of the multi-core fibers to cause each core 11 of one multi-core fiber 1a and each core 11 of the other multi-core fiber 1b to face each other, and a fusing step S2 of fusing the multi-core fibers to each other by carrying out discharge by a pair of discharge electrodes 50a and 50b that sandwich a butted position of the multi-core fibers and face each other are provided. The fusing step S2 causes tips 51a and 51b of the discharge electrodes to perform reciprocating motion such that a straight line SL that connects the tips 51a and 51b of the discharge electrodes moves while describing a surface perpendicular to the central axes CA.

Abstract: A method for waking a wind turbine rotor blade half shell includes arranging a fibrous material in a mold, which has an inner side predetermining an aerodynamic surface of the half shell and has a pinching edge defining the profile of a trailing edge of the half shell. A liquid plastics material surrounding the fibrous material is cured. An insert is arranged in relation to the mold in a predetermined position, in which a surface of the insert and a bordering portion of the inner side of the mold conjointly define an acute angle tapering toward the pinching edge, so that a thinly tapering trailing edge of the half shell is formed between the surface of the insert and the bordering portion.

Abstract: A printed circuit board and a manufacturing method of the same are disclosed. The method includes: preparing a carrier including a primer resin layer formed thereon; forming a circuit pattern on the primer resin layer; stacking the carrier onto an insulating layer such that the circuit pattern is buried in the insulating layer; removing the carrier; forming a via hole in the insulating layer on which the primer resin layer is stacked; and forming a conductive via in the via hole. The conductive via is formed by forming a plating layer in the via hole and on the primer resin layer and removing a portion of the plating layer formed over the primer resin layer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of splicing polarized films. The method includes steps of providing a substrate; attaching a first polarized film to the substrate; attaching a second polarized film to the substrate so that a side portion of the second polarized film is correspondingly overlapped with a side portion of the first polarized film; correspondingly cutting off the overlapped side portions of the first polarized film and the second polarized film; removing separated parts of the side portions from the first polarized film and the second polarized film; and performing a flatten treatment to the cut side portions of the first polarized film and the second polarized film. The method effectively reduces the interval between spliced polarized films so that the light leakage problem at the joint position is improved.

Abstract: The present invention provides a curing device for sealant, and which includes an ultraviolet light source, and a waveguide. A light beam projected from the ultraviolet light source enters the waveguide. The waveguide includes multiple light emitting ports, and the light beam emits from the multiple light emitting ports after one or several total internal reflection. The multiple light emitting ports are arranged and distributed according to the positions of the sealant to be cured. The present invention further provides a method for curing the sealant. The curing device and the method for curing the sealant can readily increase the efficiency of utilization of the ultraviolet light source, while it can readily reduce the cost associated thereof.

Abstract: A sealant article useful for sealing a substrate surface having a first surface and a second surface is provided. The first surface comprises a deformable composition that is capable of conforming to a substrate surface when subjected to heat and/or pressure. The second surface of the sealant article has been at least partially cured by exposing said surface to an amount of radiation effective to induce at least partial curing of the second surface of the sealant article. Prior to such curing, the second surface also is comprised of the deformable composition. Such at least partial curing is effective to render the second surface less deformable than the first surface.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a waterproof breathable (WPB) fabric and method of producing the same are provided wherein a WPB membrane is laminated to a first side of a fabric, the laminated fabric is then treated with a treatment agent, and the treated fabric is cured. The treatment agent may include at least one of an oleophobic (oil repellent) compound and/or a hydrophobic (water repellent) compound. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic compound may be a durable water repellent (DWR) treatment. The treatment agent may provide protection for the fabric by repelling oil-based and/or water-based substances.

Abstract: A surface-mount light emitting device is provided comprising a light emitting element (2), a reflector (1) which is molded integral with a leadframe (11, 12) having the light emitting element mounted thereon, and an encapsulating resin composition (4). The reflector is molded from a heat curable resin composition to define a recess with bottom and side walls. The resin side wall has a thickness of 50-500 ?m. The encapsulating resin composition is a heat curable resin composition having a hardness of 30-70 Shore D units in the cured state.

Abstract: A substrate-bonding apparatus for a display device, and which includes a chamber unit configured to bond a carrier substrate to a substrate for manufacturing the display device; a first surface plate provided inside the chamber unit and configured to support the substrate; a supporting unit provided inside the chamber unit and configured bring the carrier substrate into contact with the substrate supported by the first surface plate; and a pressure-adjusting unit communicating with the chamber unit and configured to change a vacuum pressure from a low vacuum pressure to a high pressure in multiple steps inside the chamber unit while the carrier substrate is brought into contact with the substrate to bond the carrier substrate to the substrate without adhesive material between the carrier substrate and the substrate.

Abstract: In order to produce photovoltaic modules or modules bearing functional coatings, a strand (3) composed of sealing composition is arranged along the outer edge of a glass sheet (1) and at least one photovoltaic cell (11) and/or at least one functional coating, for example a light-emitting coating, are/is applied within the strand (3). As a next step, a composition (13) is applied to the glass sheet (1) within the strand (3). A second glass sheet (3) is then placed onto the strand (3) at a distance from the free surface (5) of the strand (3) and the arrangement is evacuated. The evacuated arrangement is compressed in a heating press, such that the entire interior space (9) between the glass sheets (1) and (2) and within the sealing strand (3) is filled by composition (13), which is a pasty gel-like composition e.g. a resin, or a silicone-based composition.

Abstract: A hand tool for press sealing roofing membranes by a roller mounted on one end of a bracket connected at a second hand to a handle. The handle and roller mounting bracket extend along first and second axes respectively, which axes form an included angle in the range of 50 degrees and 70 degrees. This angular relationship enables a user's wrist to be the natural wrist position when moving the roller along the membrane. The second axis of the roller mounting bracket preferably maintains an angle of between 20 degrees and 40 degrees with the roofing membranes as the roller is moved along the membrane.

Abstract: An engagement system for a surgical sensor assembly, formed of a sensing component in a fixed position and a lead wire in an electrical communication therewith. The engagement system employs a jacket of heat shrink polymeric material to hold the sensing component to the lead wire and eliminates the employment of soldering and welding and crimping which can damage such sensing components. The system is employed in combination with catheters having a lumen for control wires for surgical instruments.

Abstract: A supplying device including a supplying part and an adjustment part is provided. The supplying part includes a run-through supplying path for transporting a fluid. The adjustment part includes a channel and one or more recovery paths adjacent to the channel. The supplying part is disposed in the channel to allow the fluid to flow out of the channel through the supplying part and to allow the recovery paths to suck a portion of the etching solution outputted from the channel in order to control the amount of output of the fluid. Wet-etching equipment including the supplying device is also provided.

Abstract: Surface Treat and Survey Metallurgy Substrates Renewable Substances Food Starch, Sodium and Electrolyte Precision Media Systems are a closed-type precision media system. The aqueous slurry type system pumps aqueous slurry Electrolyte from an aqueous slurry pump. The differential pressurized variable control regulation closed-type system utilizes negative pressurized air drawing media from a powerful control valve or control valve venturi and vacuum pump. The Surface Treat and Survey Metallurgy Substrates Renewable Substances Food Starch, Sodium and Electrolyte Precision Media Systems are light and easy to operate opening the door to whole new market of customers to safely perform paint stripping, substrate treatment, parts treatment and cleaning specifications.

Abstract: An arrangement for depositing a film at a bevel edge of a substrate in a plasma chamber. The arrangement includes a gas delivery system for supplying gas into the chamber. The arrangement also includes a pair of electrodes including a movable electrode and a stationary electrode, wherein the substrate is disposed on one of the pair of electrodes. The arrangement further includes a gap controller module configured for adjusting an electrode gap between the pair of electrodes to a gap distance configured to prevent plasma formation over a center portion of the substrate. The gap distance is also dimensioned such that a plasma-sustainable condition around the bevel edge of the substrate is formed. The arrangement moreover includes a heater disposed below the substrate and powered by an RE source, wherein the heater is maintained at a chuck temperature conducive for facilitating film deposition on the bevel edge of the substrate.

Abstract: An example laminate assembly pressurization arrangement includes a plurality of laminations arranged in a laminate stack. The plurality of laminations are movable between sealed positions and unsealed positions relative to each other. An end plate is adjacent the laminate stack. A housing is configured to establish a first volume together with the end plate. A first group of tie rods is directly secured to the end plate and is configured to move the end plate to a first position that holds the plurality of laminations in sealed positions. A second group of tie rods is directly secured to the housing. Pressurizing the first volume limits movement of the end plate away from the first position.

Abstract: A method of joining pipes to produce underwater pipelines, wherein the facing free ends of two adjacent pipes, aligned along an axis, are welded to define a cutback; a protective sheet of plastic material is extruded close to the cutback; and the protective sheet is wound about the cutback.

Abstract: An electrode production system includes a kneading device to which replaceable cartridges that respectively contain electrode materials and a solvent can be fitted. A supply passage for supplying a kneaded material is provided between the kneading device and the coating device. This eliminates the possibility that impurities, such as dust, dirt, or moisture, may be mixed into the kneaded material. Therefore, electrodes with high quality can be produced. Furthermore, it is possible to continuously perform processes from kneading to coating, and there is no need of performing the kneading in a batch process. Thus, the operation can be easily performed.

Abstract: A spring drive system useful for window covers is disclosed, which comprises one or more coil spring drives or flat spring drives and the combination whose elements are selected from one or more of a group which includes (1) a band or cord transmission which provides varying ratio power transfer as the cover is opened and closed; (2) gear means comprising various gear sets which provide frictional holding force and fixed power transfer ratios; (3) a gear transmission which provides fixed ratio power transfer as the cover is opened or closed; (4) crank mechanisms; (5) brake mechanisms; and (6) recoiler mechanisms. The combination permits the spring drive force to be tailored to the weight and/or compression characteristics of an associated window cover such as a horizontal slat or pleated or box blind as the cover is opened and closed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for the protection of living beings and objects from being buried in bulk material, a method for assembling said device and uses employing this device.

Abstract: A scrolling unit for blinds includes a scrolling unit having a main wheel, at least one sub wheel and a scrolling spring. The main wheel has a spool and a cable is wrapped to the spool. The scrolling spring has an inner end and an outer end. The inner end is securely wrapped to the main wheel and the outer end is wrapped to the at least one sub wheel. The scrolling force of the inner end is larger than that of the outer end. The cable is wrapped to a mandrel unit in the head box. The cable extends through the head box and is connected to the bottom bar. The blinds are connected between the head box and the bottom bar to which the cable is fixed. The bottom bar is cooperated with the scrolling spring regardless the weight of the bottom bar.

Abstract: A roll shade system is disclosed. The roll shade system includes a motor configured to remain stationary during operation of the motor, a support shaft supporting the motor wherein the support shaft is configured to remain stationary during operation of the motor, and a roll shade tube configured to be rotatable about the motor and the support shaft during operation of the motor. The roll shade system further includes stationary components including a wiring connector, an input wiring system, a bearing, an antenna, a coaxial cable, a motor controller, a counterbalance spring. The roll shade system also includes rotatable components including a bearing housing and one or more O-rings.

Abstract: A curtain cable positioning device is engaged with the hole in the head box and the underside of the curtain cable positioning device is in contact with the inside of the head box. The curtain cable positioning device includes a body with two recesses defined in two opposite sides thereof and two arms extend from the underside of the body. The two arms are engaged with the hole of the head box. A slot is defined between the two arms and two notches are respectively defined in two ends of the body. The cable passes through the notch and the slot, and is connected with the curtain. The cable is not loosened or hooked to other parts in the head box.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cost-effective and environmentally friendly polyester surfactants for use in flotation deinking. The improved ink collection of the present invention can result in deinked pulp of high quality and/or yields that has excellent brightness and effective residual ink concentration values.

Abstract: The disclosure provides tissue webs, and products incorporating the same, where the webs comprise macroalgae fibers. More specifically the disclosure provides soft and durable tissue webs comprising at least about 1 percent macroalgae fiber by weight of the web. In the tissue webs of the present disclosure, macroalgae fibers may preferably replace high average fiber length wood fibers, which increases the strength and durability of the web without negatively stiffness.

Abstract: Novel pulps comprising conventional papermaking and macroalgae fibers are provided. By combining conventional papermaking fibers with never-dried macroalgae fibers, rather than dried macroalgae fibers, the disclosure provides pulp sheets having improved characteristics such as tensile and burst strength, with minimal deterioration in freeness.

Abstract: A precipitated carbonate polysaccharide structure which, when used as a filler, improves the structural strength of paper or board, or gypsum boards, plastics or gums, among others, as well as the stiffness level and optical properties (brightness and opacity) of the paper or board, together or separately with other fillers; carbonates, in particular. The invention further improves the setting of printing ink on the surface of the paper or board. The invention also includes the manufacturing method of the precipitated carbonate polysaccharide structure.

Abstract: A roll for use in a papermaking machine has a circumferential surface formed of a polymeric material including a plurality of chemically reactive elastomer nano-particles and a resin. The polymeric material has a glassy transition temperature that is substantially the same as a glassy transition temperature of the resin alone.

Abstract: A process for reducing inclusions during manufacturing of a matrix drill bit comprises placing at least a first layer of a first matrix material in a matrix bit body mold. At least a second layer of a second matrix material is placed in the mold. A binder material is placed in the mold with the binder material disposed proximate the second layer of matrix material and a metal a blank. A graphite lid is placed on the mold. The mold and the materials disposed therein are heated to a selected temperature to cause the binder material to melt and to allow the hot, liquid binder material to infiltrate the second matrix material and the first matrix material, with the second matrix material operable to improve infiltration of the first matrix material by the hot, liquid binder material without using a flux material.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for manufacturing at least one thin-walled structure (1,11,13,17,18), whereby this structure is built layer by layer by applying successive powder layers extending substantially horizontally and by moving an energy beam over each of these powder layers according to a predetermined pattern so as to make said powder melt and subsequently make it solidify or sinter, such that successive layers connected to each other of said thin-walled structure (1,11, 13,17,18) are formed which extend according to a horizontal cross section of this thin-walled structure (1, 11,13,17,18).

Abstract: An architectural heat and moisture exchanger. The exchanger defines an interior channel which is divided into a plurality of sub-channels by a membrane configured to allow passage of water vapor and to prevent substantial passage of air. In some embodiments, the exchanger includes an opaque housing configured to form a portion of a building enclosure, such as an exterior wall, an interior wall, a roof, a floor, or a foundation.

Abstract: A coldplate for use with a transformer in an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV). The coldplate includes a main portion having a recess formed therein, the recess having a floor configured for contacting a bottom surface of a transformer for dissipating heat generated by the transformer. The main portion includes a raised feature configured for contacting a winding of the transformer for dissipating heat generated by the transformer. The coldplate also includes a bracket member for use in securing the transformer in the recess of the main portion, the bracket member configured for contacting the main portion and the transformer for dissipating heat generated by the transformer. The bracket member includes a contact surface for contacting a top surface of the transformer, the contact surface having an area sufficient to contact substantially all of the top surface of the transformer.

Abstract: A coldplate for use with electronic components in an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV). The coldplate includes a main portion having multiple raised features on a surface thereof. The raised features are configured for attaching the main portion to a printed circuit board having multiple electronic components attached thereto. The raised features are further configured for maintaining the printed circuit board in a spaced relation relative to the main portion to facilitate air flow between the printed circuit board and the main portion for dissipating heat generated by the plurality of electronic components. The coldplate also includes a protrusion extending from the surface of the main portion. The protrusion is configured for contacting one of the plurality of electronic components attached to the printed circuit board for dissipating heat generated by the electronic component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mechanical draft cooling tower that employs air cooled condenser modules. The aforementioned cooling tower operates by mechanical draft and achieves the exchange of heat between two fluids such as atmospheric air, ordinarily, and another fluid which is usually steam. The aforementioned cooling tower utilizes a modular air cooled condenser concept wherein the air cooled condensers utilize heat exchange deltas that use tube bundles that are manufactured and assembled prior to being shipped to the tower site.

Abstract: A coldplate for use with electronic components in an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV). The coldplate includes a first portion configured for attachment to a printed circuit board having a plurality of electronic components thereon, and a second portion configured for attachment to the first portion. The first and second portions are further configured to together define a manifold therebetween. The manifold has an inlet, an outlet and a substantially constant height to facilitate a substantially uniform flow of a coolant therethrough for use in dissipating heat generated by the electronic components.

Abstract: To provide a liquid cooling system for an electric component mounted in an aircraft, in which a flow rate of a coolant fed to the electric component mounted in the aircraft is optimized by a simple method, a liquid cooling system 1 for an electric component mounted in an aircraft adopts a flow rate adjusting valve which is a thermostat valve 5 such that the opening degree of the valve increases with an increase in the temperature of the coolant flowing into the flow rate adjusting valve so as to raise the flow rate of the coolant fed to the electric component 50, and the opening degree of the valve decreases with a decrease in the temperature of the coolant flowing into the flow rate adjusting valve so as to reduce the flow rate of the coolant fed to the electric component 50.

Abstract: A heat absorbing device including a structure including plural individual cells delimited by an envelope made of a material that has good thermal conductivity and includes at least one phase-change material, the cells being stacked on top of one another from an end surface so that the structure extends in a direction of thermal flux, the flux being made up of two notable periodic thermal events, the structure including two different sizes of cells. The sizes of the cells are determined as a function of frequency of the thermal events of the thermal flux and a distribution of a number of cells of each size is determined as a function of amplitudes of each event.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat dissipating member having excellent heat dissipation properties and suitable for use in an oil environment. The present invention is a heat dissipating member including: a porous base material containing a fluorine resin and a thermally-conductive filler; and an oil contained in pores of the porous base material. The fluorine resin contains polytetrafluoroethylene. The heat dissipating member can be produced, for example, by a method including the steps of: (1) stacking and rolling together a plurality of sheet-shaped formed bodies each containing a polytetrafluoroethylene-containing fluorine resin, a thermally-conductive filler, and a molding aid, so as to obtain a rolled laminated sheet; (2) removing the molding aid from the obtained rolled laminated sheet to obtain a porous base material; and (3) impregnating the obtained porous base material with an oil.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a natural circulation type cooling apparatus includes a heat receiver with a heat receiving surface on which an exothermic body is mounted, and containing therein a coolant, a condenser on a horizontally lateral side of the heat receiver, a radiator on a horizontally lateral side of the heat receiver and on a vertically downward side of the condenser, a vapor conduit configured to feed vapor of the coolant to an inlet of the condenser, a condensed liquid conduit configured to feed a condensed coolant from an outlet of the condenser to an inlet of the heat receiver, a coolant conduit configured to feed the coolant to an inlet of the radiator, and a circulation conduit configured to feed the coolant from an outlet of the radiator to the inlet of the heat receiver.

Abstract: An exemplary heat pipe includes a hollow tube, a wick structure, a working fluid, and an accelerator. The tube includes an evaporator section and a condenser section along a longitudinal direction thereof. The wick structure is adhered on inner surfaces of the tube and inner surfaces of the wick structure surround an inner space therebetween. The working fluid is contained in the wick structure. The accelerator is received in the tube and edges thereof abut against the inner surfaces of the wick structure to divide the inner space to two parts. The working fluid in the wick structure of the evaporator section absorbs heat from a heat-generating component and is vaporized to vapor, and the vapor flows through the accelerator and moves faster and faster towards the condenser section.

Abstract: A cooling device which is provided with an evaporator with a built-in wick, a condenser, and a loop type heat pipe which connects the evaporator and condenser in a loop and is provided with a liquid pipe and vapor pipe, wherein the evaporator is divided into a liquid-pipe-side case and a vapor-pipe-side case and wherein a plurality of discharge ports of working fluids and a wick in which the working fluid from the discharge ports is completely permeated are arranged between the two cases. The wick is provided with projecting parts which have recessed parts corresponding to the discharge ports, while the outer circumferential surfaces of the projecting parts are provided with grooves. The working fluid which permeates the wick is changed to a vapor inside the vapor-pipe-side case, collects in the evaporation chamber, and is discharged to the liquid pipe, and thus, dry out of the wick is prevented.

Abstract: A heat dissipating device disposed on a heat source and in a flow channel is disclosed. The heat dissipating device includes a first fin set, a second fin set, and a baffle. The first fin set is disposed at an entrance of the flow channel, and the second fin set is disposed at an exit of the flow channel. The baffle is disposed between the first fin set and the second fin set, and divides the flow channel into a first flow channel and a second flow channel. The sectional area of the entrance of the first flow channel is larger than that of the exit of the first flow channel. The sectional area of the entrance of the second flow channel is smaller than that of the exit of the second flow channel.

Abstract: A component includes a substrate that has outer and inner surfaces. The inner surface defines at least one hollow, interior space. The outer surface defines pressure and suction sidewalls that are joined together at leading and trailing edges of the component and together form an airfoil portion of the component. The outer substrate surface further defines at least one platform and at least one fillet that extends between and integrally connects the airfoil to the respective platform. The outer surface defines one or more grooves that extend at least partially along a respective fillet. Each groove is in fluid communication with a respective hollow, interior space. The component further includes a coating disposed over at least a portion of the outer substrate surface and including at least a structural coating that extends over the groove(s). The groove(s) and the structural coating together define channel(s) for cooling the respective fillet.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (10) comprises an assembly of plates (12) stacked in pairs in a longitudinal stacking direction (x) to form a heat exchanger body (14), designed for the circulation of a fluid, comprising a connection device (19) arranged at one extremity of the heat exchanger body (14) in the longitudinal stacking direction (x). The connection device (19) includes an end plate (20) and a cover (22) that can be assembled together to jointly delimit an inlet duct (24) and an outlet duct (26), respectively, to admit the fluid into the heat exchanger body (14) and discharge the fluid from the heat exchanger body (14).

Abstract: This application provides, inter alia, processes for producing an integral bond between a high-grade steel component and an aluminum or aluminum alloy component. In an exemplary embodiment, the process comprises coating the high-grade steel first with a nickel layer and second an aluminum layer, arranging the coated high-grade steel and the aluminum or aluminum alloy components in relation to one another in such a manner that partial regions of the first and of the second component are arranged parallel to one another and either bear areally against one another or are arranged with a gap of 0 mm to 5 mm in relation to one another, and integrally bonding the coated high-grade steel component to the aluminum or aluminum alloy component by using a cold metal transfer process.

Abstract: A refrigerant-distributing device and a heat exchanger comprising the refrigerant-distributing device are provided. The refrigerant-distributing device comprises a distributing tube (1) defining a first end and a second end in a length direction thereof and a plurality of nozzles (2) disposed on the distributing tube (1) along the length direction of the distributing tube, each nozzle having a predetermined length and being formed with a through-hole (21) communicating an interior of the distributing tube and an exterior of the distributing tube. By provision of the nozzles, the flow resistance is increased, and the refrigerant-flow rate is more uniform along the length direction of the distrusting tube. In addition, the refrigerant can be ejected along the radial direction, the axial direction, the circumferential direction, and other directions so that the uniformity of the refrigerant in the space outside the distributing tube is improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for providing heat that includes preheating an incoming air flow from outside an apparatus in a first channel of a heat exchanger by a flow in a second channel of the heat exchanger, transferring the flow from the second channel outside the apparatus through an exhaust channel, providing heat by the preheated incoming air flow in a heat pump, and transferring in a transfer channel a flue gas flow provided by a burner to the second channel.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for cooling particulates are provided. The method can include introducing particulates to a heat exchanger containing a tube bundle having a plurality of tubulars, introducing a coolant to the plurality of tubulars through a coolant inlet, flowing the particulates through the shell side of the heat exchanger, and contacting at least a portion of the particulates with the tube bundle. The method can also include recovering a heated coolant from the coolant outlet and recovering cooled particulates from the particulate outlet. The heat exchanger can include a vessel having an elongated shell having a first end, a second end, one or more sidewalls, a shell side particulate inlet disposed in the one or more sidewalls for receiving particulates, a shell side particulate outlet disposed adjacent the second end for discharging cooled particulates, and a tube bundle including a plurality of tubulars disposed within the vessel.

Abstract: A battery management system with thermally integrated fire suppression includes a multiplicity of individual battery cells in a housing; a multiplicity of cooling passages in the housing within or between the multiplicity of individual battery cells; a multiplicity of sensors operably connected to the individual battery cells, the sensors adapted to detect a thermal runaway event related to one or more of the multiplicity of individual battery cells; and a management system adapted to inject coolant into at least one of the multiplicity of cooling passages upon the detection of the thermal runaway event by the any one of the multiplicity of sensors, so that the thermal runaway event is rapidly quenched.

Abstract: Enclosures for use in hazardous areas include sintered filters for thermal management. The enclosures include an opening to which a filter holder housing and sintered filter are coupled. The enclosures can also include a second opening to which a vent or a second filter holder housing and sintered filter are coupled. The internal temperature of the enclosures can be actively managed by such a system because air within the enclosure can be displaced to and from the atmosphere through the sintered filters. Air from the atmosphere enters the enclosure via the second opening and exits the enclosure via the first opening.