Abstract: Systems and methods for performing preprocessing of received data packets, to reduce processing burdens and improve efficiency of communications terminal receivers, are provided. A first stage filter receives a data frame comprising data packets representing respective encapsulated fragments of a PDU. The first stage filter parses a header of one of the packets to locate a start field, and determines whether the start field indicates that the packet comprises a start fragment of the PDU. When the start field indicates that the packet comprises the start fragment, the first stage filter determines, based on packet label information of the packet header, whether to forward the packet to a second stage filter or to discard the packet, and forwards or discards the packet accordingly. When the start field indicates that the packet does not comprise the start fragment, the first stage filter forwards the packet to the second stage filter.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for hash-based routing table management in a distributed network switch. A frame having a source address and a destination address is received. If no routing entry for the source address is found in a routing table of a switch module in the distributed network switch, where the routing table is divided into slices of buckets, then routing information is determined for the source address and a routing entry is generated. The routing table is modified to include the routing entry and based on a set of hash functions and properties of the slices.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for cached routing table management in a distributed network switch. A frame having a source address and a destination address is received. If no routing entry for the source address is found in a routing table of a switch module in the distributed network switch, then routing information is determined for the source address and a routing entry is generated. The routing table is modified to include the routing entry, based on a set of hash functions. Upon accessing the generated routing entry in the modified routing table responsive to a subsequent lookup request for the source address, the set of caches is modified to include the generated routing entry.

Abstract: Systems, methods, architectures and/or apparatus for providing a distributed Virtual Routing and Switching (dVRS) solution at a data center (DC) by logically representing the networking resources of the data center as a plurality virtual nodes, each virtual node comprising an IP infrastructure based on a physical network node and a plurality of virtual switches, each virtual switch including a VRS instance linked to one or more VRS instances at other virtual switches via a VLAN to provide thereby a virtual service, wherein the physical network node performs control plane processing and provides to each virtual switch the specific routing information associated with the local services of that virtual switch. Thus, from a data plane perspective the virtual switches route and/or switch traffic directly to tunnels pointing to remote VRS instances without involving the Controller in the forwarding of the packets.

Abstract: An Ethernet switch which is connected to a plurality of external devices using an encapsulating I/O protocol over Ethernet, and is connected to a I/O protocol switch using N_Port ID virtualization includes: a storage unit which stores destination information describing an external device whose connection is established in the FCoE in the plurality of external devices; and a processor. When the processor receives a packet addressed from a first external device to a second external device in the external devices, the processor checks whether or not the destination information describes the second external device. When the second external device is described in the destination information, the processor transmits the packet to the second external device.

Abstract: A system comprising an access node (AN) coupled to a plurality of service providers (SPs) and a host and configured to forward a plurality of services between the SPs and the host using a plurality of first connections between the AN and the host and a plurality of second connections between the AN and the SPs, and a router gateway (RG) positioned between the host and the AN and coupled to the AN via an access line that comprises the first connections, wherein the AN translates a plurality of first identifiers for the first connections to a plurality of second identifiers for the second connections to route the services appropriately between the host and the SPs over the first connections and the corresponding second connections.

Abstract: In particular embodiments, a first switch implementing a first virtual local area network (VLAN) registration protocol and connected to a first end of the trunk detects whether a second switch connected to a second end of the trunk implements the first VLAN registration protocol. In an embodiment, the second switch may send an unsolicited message to the first switch indicating the VLAN registration protocol implemented by the second switch. The first switch may then determine the VLAN registration protocol implemented by the second switch. Alternatively, the first switch may send a solicited message to the second switch. By receiving a response to the solicited message, the first switch can determine that the second switch implements the first VLAN registration protocol. In response to determining that the second switch implements the first VLAN registration protocol, the first switch may enable a pruning technique in accordance with the first VLAN registration protocol.

Abstract: A system and method can support discovering and routing in a fabric with a plurality of switches. The system allows one or more switches in the fabric to be tagged with a switch role. Then, a subnet manager in the fabric detect the switch role that is associated with the one or more switches. Furthermore, a routing algorithm can be applied on the fabric based on the detected switch role associated with the one or more switches.

Abstract: A system for persistently maintaining data using a network for data packets is provided. The system includes a transmission medium associated with the network, a plurality of switches operatively connected to the transmission medium. Each switch has an intelligent network controller adapted for delivering the data packets to a device operatively connected to the intelligent network controller in response to a request for the data packets from the device and further adapted for re-transmitting unexpired data packets over the network.

Abstract: To provide a relay device capable of increasing the number of connected nodes in a bus-type network, and a connector providing the relay device. An ASC 1 as the relay device includes a bit width distortion correction circuit and a ringing pulse absorption circuit, corrects bit width distortion in bit units using the bit width distortion correction circuit and absorbs and eliminates ringing pulses in a terminus of a communication frame using the ringing pulse absorption circuit.

Abstract: A system and method for mapping a network to facilitating configuration is disclosed. Address registration information is appended to an enhanced local management interface message sent between devices in a network of routers and switches. A network management system for an outside network can use that information to map out the network and configure the network as needed. The address registration information includes an Internet Protocol address and an interface index. The interface index includes both slot and port number.

Abstract: A query inserter receives data elements having individual priority types for placement in a queue, and utilizes the priority types of the received data elements to determine placement in the queue relative to an initial location established when a first data element is placed in an empty queue in order to manage the queue with a combination of first-in first-out and last-in first-out queue functionality.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a working path through a packet switched network is protected by a protection path. In response to a switchover condition, a packet switching device ceases to enqueue packets for sending over the current working path. Packets are enqueue for sending over the protection path, with a delay by a predetermined duration before beginning to dequeue and send of packets over the protection path. A sending packet switching device, by delaying an appropriate predetermined duration, can guarantee that the protection switching operation will not induce packet reordering nor packet loss. This predetermined delay is calculated, possibly based on measurements, of different component delays of sending packets over the working and protection paths. For example, these component delays typically include latency within the sending device, latency of communications between the sending device and the destination, and latency with the destination.

Abstract: A fast send method may be selectively implemented for certain data packets received from an application for transmission through a network interface. When the fast send method is triggered for a data packet, the application requesting transmission of the data packet may be provided a completion notice nearly immediately after the data packet is received. The fast send method may be used for data packets similar to previously-transmitted data packets for which the information in the data packet is already vetted. For example, a data packet with a similar source address, destination address, source port, destination port, application identifier, and/or activity identifier may have already been vetted.

Abstract: A fast send method may be selectively implemented for certain data packets received from an application for transmission through a network interface. When the fast send method is triggered for a data packet, the application requesting transmission of the data packet may be provided a completion notice nearly immediately after the data packet is received. The fast send method may be used for data packets similar to previously-transmitted data packets for which the information in the data packet is already vetted. For example, a data packet with a similar source address, destination address, source port, destination port, application identifier, and/or activity identifier may have already been vetted. Data packets sent through the fast send method may be throttled to prevent one communication stream from blocking out other communication streams. For example, every nth data packet queued for the fast send method may be transmitted by a slow send method.

Abstract: A fast send method may be selectively implemented for certain data packets received from an application for transmission through a network interface. When the fast send method is triggered for a data packet, the application requesting transmission of the data packet may be provided a completion notice nearly immediately after the data packet is received. The fast send method may be used for data packets similar to previously-transmitted data packets for which the information in the data packet is already vetted. For example, a data packet with a similar source address, destination address, source port, destination port, application identifier, and/or activity identifier may have already been vetted. A socket table may be maintained listing previously-transmitted data packets and an instruction for handling additional data packets similar to the data packet entered in the socket table.

Abstract: Techniques for performing finite memory network coding in an arbitrary network limit an amount of memory that is provided within a node of the network for the performance of network coding operations during data relay operations. When a new data packet is received by a node, the data stored within the limited amount of memory may be updated by linearly combining the new packet with the stored data. In some implementations, different storage buffers may be provided within a node for the performance of network coding operations and decoding operations.

Abstract: A communication device includes: first and second memories configured to store first and second packets in first and second queues, respectively; a processor configured to: select a packet to be transmitted by selecting the first packet in priority to the second packet, read the selected packet from the first or second queue, and detect the first packet stored in the first queue during reading of the second packet from the second queue; and a third memory configured to hold copied data relating to the second packet, wherein when detecting the first packet, the processor is configured to cause an internal or external part of the communication device to discard the currently read second packet, read the first packet stored in the first queue, and read the copied data from the third memory after completion of the reading of the first packet.

Abstract: A data transmission device includes a packet storing unit that temporarily retains therein multiple data packets. The data transmission device includes a top location instructing unit that indicates a location in the packet storing unit to retain a new created data packet. The data transmission device includes a location information storing unit that has a plurality of entries storing therein a top location of the data packets stored in the data packet storing unit.

Abstract: A method for refreshing blocked media packets for a streaming media session over a wireless network in a stall condition is disclosed. The method can include a wireless communication device maintaining a buffer at an application layer. The buffer can contain at least a portion of media packets provided to a baseband layer by the application layer for transmission. Media packets provided to the baseband layer can be queued in a baseband queue prior to transmission. The method can further include the wireless communication device generating at least one new media packet for the streaming media session during the stall condition; flushing at least a portion of the media packets queued in the baseband queue; and replenishing the baseband queue by providing the baseband layer with at least a portion of the media packets contained in the buffer and at least one new media packet.

Abstract: A data transfer apparatus includes a received-packet storage unit that is capable of storing received packets and retrieving the stored packets in an order different from the order in which these packets were received. The data transfer apparatus retrieves a packet from the received-packet storage unit in accordance with a request from a transfer-destination apparatus. When a packet initially received from a source apparatus from among the packets stored in the received-packet storage unit is retrieved, the data transfer apparatus transmits to the source apparatus a credit updated value that is proportional to the size of data that can be stored in the received-packet storage unit.

Abstract: A communication device capable of transmitting data on a communications channel, the communications channel capable of being shared with a number of stations, the communication device being configured to determine a back-off period, the back-off period being a period of time for which the communication device delays transmission of data after determining that the communications channel is idle, wherein the communication device is configured to determine the back-off period in such a way as to favour a decrease in the back-off period in response to an increase in the number of stations.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to a method and system for enhancing management channels. The method comprises operating TDM (Time Division Multiplex) clock frequency at a predefined rate higher than operating frequency based on available management channels. Transmitting data on the management channels using the TDM slots of a TDM based controller at a higher frequency rate.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and devices for clock synchronization. The invention makes particular use of IEEE 1588 with offset and skew correction. In embodiments of the invention, the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol is used to exchange time stamps between a time server and a client from which the client can estimate the clock offset and skew. In embodiments of the invention a free running clock at the client is provided with an estimation technique based on the time stamps from the IEEE 1588 PTP message exchange between the server and client clocks. The offset and skew from the estimation process can be combined with the local free running clock to give a synchronized local clock which is an accurate image of the master clock.

Abstract: An optical signal distribution system is provided herein useful for multiple service operators (MSOs) in providing content data to subscribers, and receiving control and other data from subscribers. The system facilitates the transmission of content data to the subscribers and the control and other data from subscribers substantially in the optical domain. The system includes a head-end configured to transmit the content data via a forward channel optical signal and receive the control data via a composite reverse channel optical signal. The system also includes a signal distribution hub configured to receive and replicate the forward channel optical signal for transmission to optical taps, receive reverse channel optical signals from the optical taps, generate a composite reverse channel optical signal, and transmit the composite reverse channel optical signal. Each optical tap sends and receives the forward and reverse channel optical signals to and from a plurality of subscribers units.

Abstract: A system is provided for combining laser light sources. The system includes: a stack of laser diode bar arrays, comprising two or more laser diode bar arrays, each laser diode bar array having multiple laser diodes; a multimode optical fiber; and a plurality of optical elements disposed between the stack of laser diode bar arrays and the multimode optical fiber, configured to direct light from the stack of laser diode bar arrays to the multimode optical fibers, the plurality of optical elements further including: a plurality of fast-axis collimating (FAC) lenses, wherein at least one FAC lens of the plurality of FAC lenses corresponds to each laser diode bar array. At least one FAC lens of the plurality of FAC lenses is misaligned with respect to the corresponding laser diode bar array.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a compact external cavity tunable laser apparatus. The laser apparatus includes a substrate, an external cavity tunable reflecting unit that reflects laser light entering from the outside on the substrate and selects and varies a wavelength of the reflected laser light, an optical fiber that outputs the laser light on the substrate; and an highly integrated light source that integrates the laser light input from the external cavity tunable reflecting unit using inclined input and output waveguides, a curved waveguide, and a straight waveguide to output the integrated laser light to the optical fiber in order to match an optical axis formed with the external cavity tunable reflecting unit with an optical axis formed with an optical fiber.

Abstract: A laser device includes a partially reflective mirror for separating laser light into monitor light and output light, a light output monitor device for detecting the intensity of the monitor light from the partially reflective mirror, a controller for controlling the intensity of the output light from the partially reflective mirror by controlling the output of a laser light source on the basis of a detection value of the light output monitor device, and a power meter device for detecting the intensity of the output light from the partially reflective mirror during a predetermined calibration time period, wherein the controller calibrates the output of the light output monitor device on the basis of a detection value of the power meter device.

Abstract: A laser processing apparatus, a filter device and a method are used for controlling a pulse laser, which is controllable in terms of its pulse energy and of a temporal triggering of laser pulses, during material processing of an object, in particular during the marking of a plastics-based document. The method includes comparing a pulse energy signal which assumes voltage values, in temporal correlation with a clock signal, which represent a pulse energy for the laser pulses for processing, with a threshold value condition and generating a logic result signal. The clock signal is passed to a gate and controlling the gate using the logic result signal and generating a retrieval signal thereby. An energy control signal is provided which has a voltage according to a specification of a control voltage. The retrieval signal and the energy control signal are used to control the pulse laser.

Abstract: In a laser device having at least one gas-purged laser resonator which is arranged in a purging gas circuit which has upstream of the laser resonator both a low pressure generator for generating a purging gas excess pressure in the purging gas circuit and, between the low pressure generator and the laser resonator, a cleaning device for cleaning the purging gas, the purging gas being air, according to the invention the purging gas circuit has downstream of the laser resonator between the laser resonator and the low pressure generator an intake opening which is permanently open towards the atmosphere, the purging gas pressure (p1) generated by the low pressure generator being greater than the atmospheric air pressure (p0).

Abstract: A photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) includes a gain medium electromagnetically coupled to a photonic crystal whose energy band structure exhibits a Dirac cone of linear dispersion at the center of the photonic crystal's Brillouin zone. This Dirac cone's vertex is called a Dirac point; because it is at the Brillouin zone center, it is called an accidental Dirac point. Tuning the photonic crystal's band structure (e.g., by changing the photonic crystal's dimensions or refractive index) to exhibit an accidental Dirac point increases the photonic crystal's mode spacing by orders of magnitudes and reduces or eliminates the photonic crystal's distributed in-plane feedback. Thus, the photonic crystal can act as a resonator that supports single-mode output from the PCSEL over a larger area than is possible with conventional PCSELs, which have quadratic band edge dispersion. Because output power generally scales with output area, this increase in output area results in higher possible output powers.

Abstract: A laser light source having a ridge waveguide structure includes a semi-conductor layer sequence having a number of functional layers and an active region that is suitable for generating laser light during operation At least one of the functional layers is designed as a ridge of the ridge waveguide structure The semiconductor layer sequence has a mode filter structure that is formed as part of the ridge and/or along a main extension plane of the functional layers next to the ridge and/or perpendicular to the main extension plane of the functional layers below the ridge.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide semiconductor nanowires and nanowire devices/applications and methods for their formation. In embodiments, in-plane nanowires can be epitaxially grown on a patterned substrate, which are more favorable than vertical ones for device processing and three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits. In embodiments, the in-plane nanowire can be formed by selective epitaxy utilizing lateral overgrowth and faceting of an epilayer initially grown in a one-dimensional (1D) nanoscale opening. In embodiments, optical, electrical, and thermal connections can be established and controlled between the nanowire, the substrate, and additional electrical or optical components for better device and system performance.

Abstract: In a surface-emission laser diode, there is provided, between an active layer and a semiconductor layer that contains AI, Ga and As as major components, a semiconductor layer containing AI, In and P as major components such that the semiconductor layer containing AI, In and P as major components is provided adjacent to the semiconductor layer that contains AI, Ga and As as major components. Further, an interface between the semiconductor layer containing AI, Ga and As as major components and the semiconductor layer containing AI, In and P as major components is coincident to a location of a node of electric field strength distribution.

Abstract: A device including one or more layers with lateral regions configured to facilitate the transmission of radiation through the layer and lateral regions configured to facilitate current flow through the layer is provided. The layer can comprise a short period superlattice, which includes barriers alternating with wells. In this case, the barriers can include both transparent regions, which are configured to reduce an amount of radiation that is absorbed in the layer, and higher conductive regions, which are configured to keep the voltage drop across the layer within a desired range.

Abstract: VCSEL apparatus having a substrate, a solid-state gain medium, a reflective mirror on one side of the medium, a movable reflective mirror on an opposite side of the medium, and a mechanism configured to move the movable mirror to tune a characteristic wavelength. Also described is a VCSEL apparatus having a silicon substrate having a slot therethrough and electrical connections formed on a first face, a substrate having VCSELs thereon and mounted across the slot and electrically connected to the electrical connections on the silicon substrate, and a glass substrate affixed to a second face of the silicon substrate. Also described is a VCSEL apparatus having a graded-index lens array having GRIN lenses mounted adjacently in a staggered arrangement, a PCB mounted to the lens array, and VCSEL chips mounted adjacently on the PCB and arranged so as to emit laser light through the lenses.

Abstract: Systems and methods for lasing molecular gases, and systems and methods of detecting molecular species are provided. The systems and methods can include the use of an excitation laser tuned to a wavelength associated with oxygen or nitrogen. The lasing can occur in both the forward and reverse directions relative to the excitation laser beam. Reverse lasing can provide a laser beam that propagates back toward the excitation laser source, and can provide a method for remote sampling of molecular species contained in the air. For example, systems and methods of detecting a molecular species of interest can be achieved by using the properties of the backward or forward propagating air laser to indicate a change in a pulse from the source of laser pulses caused by a modulation laser tuned to interact with the molecular species of interest.

Abstract: A gas laser oscillator, including a power supply part supplying a discharge tube voltage corresponding to a power output command to a discharge tube so as to start a discharge in the discharge tube; a voltage detecting part detecting the discharge tube voltage; a current detecting part detecting an output current of the power supply part; a command voltage control part gradually increasing a power output command value output from the output command part; and a discharge start judgment part judging if the discharge in the discharge tube has started, based on a detected value of the voltage detecting part when gradually increasing the power output command value. The command voltage control part, if the output current becomes a predetermined threshold value or more when gradually increasing the power output command value, decreases the power output command value once, then again gradually increases the power output command value.

Abstract: A gas-discharge waveguide CO2 laser has a Z-shaped folded waveguide formed by three ceramic tubes. Ends of the adjacent tubes are shaped and fitted together to form a common aperture. The tubes are held fitted together by spaced-apart parallel discharge electrodes. Four minors are arranged to form a laser-resonator having a longitudinal axis extending through the tubes.

Abstract: Nanolaser for generating coherent electromagnetic radiation, comprising at least one nanoparticle of metal, preferably silver, or semiconductor, at least one exciting element, preferably a quantum dot, for exciting plasmon resonance of the at least one nanoparticle, wherein the at least one nanoparticle and the at least one exciting element are embedded in a matrix of Photonic or Polaritonic Band-gap (PGB)-material, preferably Silica Carbide (SiC).

Abstract: A calibrated airflow monitoring method is provided. The monitoring method which includes: providing an airflow sensor positioned within an electronic system to be at least partially air-cooled, the airflow sensor including at least one temperature sensor and a heater associated with one temperature sensor of the at least one temperature sensor; calibrating, with the airflow sensor positioned within the electronic system, a duty cycle for use in powering the heater associated with the one temperature sensor; and providing a controller configured to use the calibrated duty cycle in powering the heater of the temperature sensor during airflow monitoring of the electronic system, and to obtain a hot temperature (Thot) reading from the one temperature sensor having the associated heater, and to determine, based at least in part on the hot temperature (Thot) reading, whether to issue an airflow warning.

Abstract: An estimating unit 51 estimates the upper limit of possible temperatures in a predetermined position of ICT equipment when the quantity of intake air into the ICT equipment is appropriate, based on the result of detection by an operational status detecting unit that detects the operational status of the ICT equipment and the result of detection by an intake-air temperature sensor 62 that detects the temperature of intake air of the ICT equipment. A determining unit 52 determines that an abnormality is occurring when the result of detection by a temperature sensor 63 that detects the temperature in the predetermined position is beyond the upper limit estimated by the estimating unit.

Abstract: A tunable tunnel junction thermometry circuit includes a variable width tunnel junction between a test object and a probe. The junction width is varied and a change in thermovoltage across the junction with respect to the change in distance across the junction is determined. Also, a change in biased current with respect to a change in distance across the junction is determined. A temperature gradient across the junction is determined based on a mathematical relationship between the temperature gradient, the change in thermovoltage with respect to distance and the change in biased current with respect to distance. Thermovoltage may be measured by nullifying a thermoelectric tunneling current with an applied voltage supply level. A piezoelectric actuator may modulate the probe, and thus the junction width, to vary thermovoltage and biased current across the junction. Lock-in amplifiers measure the derivatives of the thermovoltage and biased current modulated by varying junction width.

Abstract: An environmental chamber system and a method for testing a device under test (DUT) include an environmental chamber in which the DUT can be tested. A temperature sensor senses temperature of the DUT, the temperature sensor generating a signal indicative of temperature of the DUT. A controller receives at least one input signal related to at least one of temperature and humidity in the chamber and the signal indicative of temperature of the DUT and provides at least one control signal for adjusting at least one of temperature and humidity in the chamber, such that the temperature of the DUT is not below a dew point of an environment in the chamber in a region of the chamber near the DUT, such that condensation in the environment in the chamber in the region near the DUT does not occur.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling the temperature of small volumes such as yoctoliter volumes, are described. The systems include one or more plasmonic nanostructures attached at or near a nanopore. Upon excitation of the plasmonic nanostructures, such as for example by exposure to laser light, the nanoparticles are rapidly heated thereby causing a change in the ionic conductance along the nanopore. The temperature change is determined from the ionic conductance. These temperature changes can be used to control rapid thermodynamic changes in molecular analytes as they interact with the nanopore.

Abstract: A method of measuring local temperature variations at an interface between hot combustion gases in a turbine hot gas path and cooler purge air in a turbine rotor wheelspace includes applying a pressure- or temperature-sensitive paint to a rotatable turbine component where the hot combustion gas interacts with the purge air; locating at least one illumination device and at least one image-detecting device on a stationary component located proximate to the pressure sensitive paint; and, during operation of the turbine, imaging color changes in the pressure sensitive paint caused by local variations in partial pressure of oxygen which changes with temperature.

Abstract: An acoustic signal traversing a hot gas is sampled at a source and a receiver and is represented in overlapping windows that maximize useable signal content. Samples in each window are processed to represented in different sparsified bins in the frequency domain. Determining a signal delay between the source and the receiver from a summation of maximum smoothed coherence transform cross-correlation values of different data windows wherein a sparseness of a mean smoothed coherence transform cross-correlation of windows is maximized. Determining a set of delay times wherein outliers are deleted to estimate a time of flight from which a temperature of the hot gas is calculated.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some implementations a non-contact thermometer includes a square-angled waveguide.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some implementations a non-contact thermometer includes a square-angled waveguide.

Abstract: A geohydrology monitoring system is disclosed. In one example, the system includes a heating mechanism assembly including an array of heating elements disposed longitudinally within a fluid-containing environment so that portions of the heating mechanism assembly are at different positions lengthwise within the fluid-containing environment. The heating mechanism assembly is configured to impart energy to the fluid-containing environment such that heating provided at some locations varies from heating provided at other locations. The system includes a fiber optic distributed temperature sensor (DTS) disposed in proximity to the heating mechanism assembly and configured to sense temperature at a plurality of positions and at multiple times along the length of the fluid-containing environment. Based on output from the DTS, processing logic generates an output that indicates properties of, and movement of fluid within, the fluid-containing environment.