Abstract: Total air temperature (TAT) measurement systems, apparatus, and methods for measuring TAT within an airflow are disclosed. A TAT within an airflow may be measured by (1) positioning a probe within an airflow, the probe including an airfoil and a wedge defining a single channel, the single channel including a temperature sensor; (2) receiving a portion of the airflow through the single channel; and (3) determining TAT for the received portion of the airflow using measurements from the temperature sensor.

Abstract: A temperature measurement system includes a temperature probe including a temperature sensor. The system also includes a reader, and a controller in communication with the temperature sensor and the reader. The system further includes a container housing a plurality of probe covers associated with the temperature probe. The container includes an information feature providing information related to the plurality of probe covers. The reader is configured to read the information and direct a signal to the controller indicative of the information.

Abstract: A combustion turbine flashback sensing system with a sensor cable that includes an optical fiber having at least one and preferably multiple fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensors along the fiber. The sensor cable is oriented in a combustor turbine upstream a combustion zone, so that it is capable of sensing temperature at multiple sensing points within the combustor. A protective conduit having a first thermal conductivity circumscribes the optical fiber. A sensor shield is oriented in circumferential proximity to the FBG temperature sensor. It is preferable that each such sensor has an associated sensor shield. The sensor shield has a thermal conductivity greater than the conduit thermal conductivity. The sensor shield facilitates FBG sensor rapid thermal response, with sufficient thermal and mechanical shielding to isolate the sensor from harsh operating conditions within the combustor, while the less thermally conductive conduit provides greater isolation protection for the cable structure.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some implementations a digital thermometer generating the measured temperature by a microprocessor that is operably coupled to an infrared sensor through a data acquisition circuit, determining by the microprocessor in which temperature range of a plurality of temperature ranges is the measured temperature, yielding a determined temperature range, identifying by the microprocessor a display characteristic that is associated with the determined temperature range, yielding an identified display and activating the color display device through a bridge in accordance with the identified display characteristic.

Abstract: A two piece measurement rake has a first split tubular section with at least one hollow support member disposed therethrough the measurement rake includes at least one sensor probe mounted on the hollow support member and coupled to a transducer. A second split tubular section is attached to the first split tubular section, and forms an interior cavity on which the at least one transducer tube is disposed.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a signal transmitted by a transmitter, wherein the transmitter transmits with a transmit power and the signal includes a pilot signal transmitted by the transmitter with a fraction of the transmit power. The method further includes equalizing the received signal, determining a despread pilot signal based on the equalized signal, and determining the fraction of the transmit power based on the despread pilot signal.

Abstract: A symbol modulation system applicable to a body area network is disclosed herein. The symbol modulation system includes a symbol mapper. The symbol mapper is configured to determine a time within a predetermined symbol transmission interval at which a transmission representative of the symbol will occur. The time is determined based on a value of a symbol and a value of a time-hopping sequence. The time is selected from a plurality of symbol value based time slots, and a plurality of time-hopping sequence sub-time-slots within each symbol value based time slot. The symbol mapper is configured to generate a single guard interval within the symbol transmission interval. The single guard interval is positioned to terminate the symbol transmission interval.

Abstract: An aspect of the invention is directed to a method for maintaining the synchronisation of a receiver with a chirp signal sent over a link from a transmitter. The chirp signal comprises at least a first chirp having a gradient greater than one. The transmitter may encode data on to the signal by varying the properties of the chirps it transmits. The receiver correlates the received first chirp with an expected reference chirp to produce a set of correlation results. Should the gradient of the received chirp match the gradient of the expected reference chirp, then a distinct large “prompt” peak will be present having a greater magnitude than any other correlation peaks present in the correlation results. Transmitted data symbols may be inferred from properties of this prompt peak, for example its position in samples in the correlation results.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a programmable vector processor performs preamble detection in a wireless communication network. Implementation of preamble detection in the vector processor is made possible by a set of vector instructions that include (i) a circular load instruction for loading vectors of received data, (ii) a correlation instruction for correlating the vectors of received data with vectors of the scrambling code to concurrently generate a plurality of complex correlations, (iii) a partial-transpose instruction for arranging vectors of the complex correlations for use by a Fast Hadamard Transform (FHT) processor, and (iv) an FHT instruction for performing FHT processing on a vector of complex correlations. Implementing preamble detection in the vector processor allows more of the received data to be processed concurrently. As a result, preamble detectors of the disclosure may detect preambles using fewer clock cycles than that of comparable preamble detectors implemented using hardware accelerators.

Abstract: Disclosed uses a digital to analog converter and an analog to digital converter that process a low bit for processing of a data signal at high speed according to analog to digital conversion and digital to analog conversion in a communication system and an analog to digital converter that processes high bit for processing of a signal for synchronization acquisition at low speed.

Abstract: A differential signal transmission circuit including a pattern generator, a low voltage differential signal (LVDS) transmitter, a transition minimized differential signal (TMDS) receiver, and a comparator is provided. The pattern generator generates a plurality of test data. The LVDS transmitter is coupled to the pattern generator to receive the test data, and generates a test output signal according to the test data. The TMDS receiver receives a test input signal to output a plurality of decoded data. The comparator is coupled to the TMDS receiver to receive the decoded data and the pattern generator to receive the test data. The comparator compares the decoded data with the test data to output a test result of the TMDS receiver.

Abstract: A digital radio module (100) comprises a modular architecture for use in a multi-band multi-standard radio communication apparatus. The digital radio module (100) comprises one or more digital transmitter sub modules (1011 to 101X), each digital transmitter sub module comprising a plurality of digital transmitter chains (1031 to 103N), and one or more digital receiver sub modules (1051 to 105Y), each digital receiver sub module comprising a plurality of digital receiver chains (1071 to 107M). Each of the digital transmitter sub modules (1011 to 101X) and digital receiver sub modules (1051 to 105Y) comprises a respective control unit (109) for individually configuring each digital transmitter sub module and digital receiver sub module such that the digital radio module (100) is operable to transmit and/or receive multiple different carrier frequency signals in one or more different modes of operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for transmitting and receiving over a MIMO radio link. In particular, a precoding matrix is applied to transmitted signals and constrained in such a way so as to limit the additional peak to average power ratio (PAPR) caused by applying the precoding matrix. For example, each row of the precoding matrix may have a single non-zero element, and/or each column may have the same number of non-zero elements.

Abstract: Evaluation of the impact of impulse noise on a communication system can be utilized to determine how the system should be configured to adapt to impulse noise events. Moreover, the system allows for information regarding impulse noise events, such as length of the event, repetition period of the event and timing of the event, to be collected and forwarded to a destination. The adaptation can be performed during one or more of Showtime and initialization, and can be initiated and determined at either one or more of a transmitter and a receiver.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a software-defined radio terminal apparatus is a software-defined radio terminal apparatus which is adaptively constituted based on radio applications, and may comprise a storage unit, a microprocessor, and a baseband accelerator. The microprocessor reads, from the storage unit, a code, including a radio controller layer and a baseband driver layer, and executes the code, wherein the radio controller layer delivers a control command for controlling the baseband accelerator and information to be transmitted, from an upper layer to the baseband accelerator, and delivers the information received from the baseband accelerator to the upper layer, wherein the baseband driver layer provides interface between the radio controller layer and the baseband accelerator.

Abstract: A signal processing apparatus includes a number P of adaptive equalization filters, P being 2 or more, configured to execute a first computing process for equalization on respective input signals, and to issue output signals; a number N of error calculation circuits, N being not more than P, configured to determine, per adaptive equalization filter, a second computing process to calculate an error in order to reduce a difference between a value of the output signal obtained with the first computing process and a predetermined objective value of the output signal; and an update circuit configured to determine a third computing process based on the second computing process determined per adaptive equalization filter by the error calculation circuit, and to update a computing process, which is executed in the adaptive equalization filter, to the third computing process.

Abstract: A test and measurement instrument including a time domain channel configured to process a first input signal for analysis in a time domain; a frequency domain channel configured to process a second input signal for analysis in a frequency domain; and an acquisition system coupled to the time domain channel and the frequency domain channel. The acquisition system is configured to acquire data from the time domain channel and the frequency domain channel. Time domain and frequency domain data can be time aligned.

Abstract: Systems and methods for carrier phase recovery are provided. One method includes providing a reference signal, detecting an input signal and determining a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the input signal. The method also includes employing a Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) algorithm based on the SNR to determine a Carrier Phase Recovery Loop (CPRL) bandwidth.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for compensating for analog distortion in telecommunication systems. In one aspect, a system is provided for communicating signals having frequencies in multiple frequency bands between at least one base station and at least one terminal device. The system includes a transport section, a digital filter, and a processing device. The transport section includes an analog filter. The analog filter can reduce interference from interfering signals having frequencies in frequency bands adjacent to received signals from an antenna by filtering the received signals. The processing device can modify filter coefficients of the digital filter. The digital filter with the modified filter coefficients can compensate for distortion in the received signals caused by the analog filter.

Abstract: A digital spectrum analysis apparatus and method for direction finding (DF) and location is provided. The digital spectrum analysis apparatus includes: a multi-channel unit configured to convert signals inputted from antennas into digital signals, reduce a sampling rate of the digital signals by using a digital down converter (DDC), and convert the digital signals into baseband complex signals, and having a plurality of channels; a DF estimator configured to estimate the direction of the signal; a spectrum processing unit configured to map any one of a bearing and a power level of the baseband complex signal into coordinate system, and allocate different colors to one of the bearings and the power levels depending on the accumulation ratio of one of the bearing and the power level; and a display unit configured to display the power level and the bearing with colors.

Abstract: A noise thresholder of a baseband modem integrated circuit (BMIC) compares measured noise variances on corresponding receiver paths to a pre-established threshold minimum value. The noise thresholder assigns as a noise variance value for a corresponding receiver path either (a) a measured noise variance value for each receiver path having a measured noise variance that is larger than the pre-established threshold minimum, and (b) the pre-established threshold minimum value for each receiver path having a measured noise variance that is less than or equal to the pre-established threshold minimum value. A noise balancer performs noise balancing to provide a same signal to noise ratio (SNR) across all receiver paths, based on the assigned noise variances provided at the noise thresholder. A detection engine utilizes a lowest assigned noise variance value and outputs yielded by the noise balancer to simplify equalization computations while providing a high performance symbol detection capability.

Abstract: A method includes, by a detector, receiving from a low frequency equalizer a data signal and an error signal, matching a tail portion of the data signal to a tail portion of an extended filter-pattern, and, based upon the error signal at a given location of the data signal and upon the imbalance, producing an output signal indicating whether a long-term residual intersymbol interference of the data signal in the error signal has a positive sign or a negative sign. The tail portion of the extended filter-pattern includes an imbalance between a count of each of the possible values and an unfixed sequence. The data signal includes data points with one of at least two possible values.

Abstract: An apparatus including a receiver having a feed forward equalizer (FFE) coupled to a communication channel. The receiver may be configured to adjust the FFE using information based on an estimate of one or more characteristics of the communication channel.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising an inter symbol interference (ISI) cancellation circuit and a detector circuit. The inter symbol interference (ISI) cancellation circuit may be configured to minimize ISI at data sampling and crossing sampling points in a symbol interval of an input signal. The detector circuit may be configured to generate data samples and crossing samples at the data sampling and crossing sampling points in the symbol interval of the input signal.

Abstract: A filter calculating device includes a first equalization filter calculating section that generates at least a first conversion matrix and a first triangular matrix based on a channel state of a first channel; a first quasi-orthogonalization section that calculates a first unimodular matrix based on the first triangular matrix; and a second equalization filter calculating section that generates at least a second conversion matrix and a second triangular matrix based on a channel state of a second channel and the first unimodular matrix.

Abstract: A delta-sigma modulator and a transmitter apparatus including the same are disclosed. The delta-sigma modulator includes a first integrator, a second integrator, a first comparator configured to compare an output signal of the second integrator and a reference signal, and output a first comparison signal, a second comparator configured to compare the output signal of the second integrator and the reference signal, and output a second comparison signal, a first DAC configured to output the first signal corresponding to the first comparison signal and the second comparison signal, a second DAC configured to output the second signal corresponding to the first comparison signal and the second comparison signal, a delayer configured to generate a delayed signal that delays the first comparison signal and the second comparison signal by a predetermined time, and an output DAC configured to generate an output signal having a multi-level corresponding to the delayed signal.

Abstract: System, computer program product, and computer-implemented method to improve a running disparity of an encoded bit stream in a distributed network switch, the distributed network switch comprising a plurality of switch modules including a first switch module, by receiving, at the first switch module, a raw data stream comprising a plurality of bits, receiving a bit sequence, encoding at least a first bit of the raw data stream using a corresponding at least a first bit of the bit sequence, transmitting the encoded first bit, inverting the first bit of the bit sequence, and encoding a second bit of the raw data stream using the inverted first bit.

Abstract: System, computer program product, and computer-implemented method to improve a running disparity of an encoded bit stream in a distributed network switch, the distributed network switch comprising a plurality of switch modules including a first switch module, by receiving, at the first switch module, a raw data stream comprising a plurality of bits, receiving a bit sequence, encoding at least a first bit of the raw data stream using a corresponding at least a first bit of the bit sequence, transmitting the encoded first bit, inverting the first bit of the bit sequence, and encoding a second bit of the raw data stream using the inverted first bit.

Abstract: There is disclosed a decoding method for decoding an incoming bitstream entropy-encoded according to an encoding method based on either of arithmetic encoding algorithm and non-arithmetic encoding algorithm, the incoming bitstream including syntax elements. The decoding method includes a first converting step of converting the incoming bitstream into an intermediate bitstream according to the encoding method, the first converting being capable of being omitted, a buffering step of selecting, according to the encoding method, either the intermediate bitstream or the incoming bitstream to store the selected bitstream onto a memory, and a second converting step of reading the selected bitstream from the memory to convert the read bitstream into syntax elements, the read bitstream being either the intermediate bitstream or the incoming bitstream.

Abstract: An apparatus for coding video information according to certain aspects includes a memory unit and a processor in communication with the memory unit. The memory unit stores video information associated with a reference layer and a corresponding enhancement layer. The processor receives a mode list associated with the enhancement layer, the mode list comprising three entities, each entity identifying a different mode for determining a value of a video unit located at a position within the enhancement layer. The processor changes the mode list when a mode associated with a co-located video unit in the reference layer is not stored as the first entity in the mode list. The co-located video unit is located at a position in the reference layer corresponding to the position of the video unit in the enhancement layer.

Abstract: An apparatus for coding video information according to certain aspects includes a memory unit and a processor in communication with the memory unit. The memory unit stores video information associated with a reference layer and a corresponding enhancement layer. The processor determines a value of a video unit positioned at a position within the enhancement layer based at least in part on an intra prediction value weighted by a first weighting factor, wherein the intra prediction value is determined based on at least one additional video unit in the enhancement layer, and a value of a co-located video unit in the reference layer weighted by a second weighting factor, wherein the co-located video unit is located at a position in the reference layer corresponding to the position of the video unit in the enhancement layer. In some embodiments, the at least one of the first and second weighting factors is between 0 and 1.

Abstract: An apparatus for coding video information according to certain aspects includes a memory unit and a processor in communication with the memory unit. The memory unit stores video information associated with a reference layer and a corresponding enhancement layer. The processor obtains residue block information based at least in part on video information associated with the reference layer and the enhancement layer. The processor determines an adjustment transform function based on a transform function associated with the video information. The processor determines a transform block based on the adjusted transform function and the residue block information.

Abstract: Provided is an image processing device including a selection section configured to select, from a plurality of transform units with different sizes, a transform unit used for inverse orthogonal transformation of image data to be decoded, a generation section configured to generate, from a first quantization matrix corresponding to a transform unit for a first size, a second quantization matrix corresponding to a transform unit for a second size from a first quantization matrix corresponding to a transform unit for a first size, and an inverse quantization section configured to inversely quantize transform coefficient data for the image data using the second quantization matrix generated by the generation section when the selection section selects the transform unit for the second size.

Abstract: An object with the embodiments of the present invention is to make it well defined from which previously decoded picture to retrieve the values for calculating POC of the current picture regardless of how many temporal layers have been decoded. That is achieved by determining the POC of the current picture, to be used by the decoder, as a sum of a syntax element pic_order_cnt_lsb and a most significant bits of the POC, PicOrderCntMsb, of the current picture, wherein the PicOrderCntMsb of the current picture is derived using at least a prevPicOrderCntMsb and a prevPicOrderCntLsb and the prevPicOrderCntMsb is set equal to the most significant bits of the POC of a previous reference picture in decoding order that has a layer identity equal to zero and prevPicOrderCntLsb is set equal to the value of the least significant bits of the POC of a previous reference picture in decoding order that has a layer identity equal to zero.

Abstract: Methods and devices for encoding and decoding scalable video are described. In one aspect, a method of reconstructing, in a video decoder, an enhancement-layer image based upon a reconstructed reference-layer image using inter-layer prediction is described. The method includes reconstructing a reference-layer residual and a reference-layer prediction, wherein the reference-layer residual and the reference-layer prediction, when combined, form the reconstructed reference-layer image; up-sampling the reference-layer residual using a first up-sampling operation; up-sampling the reference-layer prediction using a second up-sampling operation different from the first up-sampling operation; generating an inter-layer prediction using the up-sampled reference-layer residual and the up-sampled reference-layer prediction; and reconstructing the enhancement-layer image based upon the inter-layer prediction.

Abstract: Methods and devices for decoding, in a video decoder, a block of enhancement-layer transform domain data for an enhancement-layer encoded video and corresponding to a reconstructed block of reference-layer transform domain data, are provided. The method includes determining a context for an enhancement-layer element based, at least in part, upon elements in the corresponding reconstructed block of reference-layer transform domain data, wherein the elements are identified by a template and wherein the position of the template in the reference-layer reconstructed block is based upon the position of that enhancement-layer element in the block of enhancement-layer transform domain data.

Abstract: A method for intra-prediction estimation is provided that includes determining a best intra-prediction mode for a block of samples, wherein at least some of the neighboring samples used for intra-prediction estimation include approximate reconstructed samples, applying approximate reconstruction to the block of samples using the best intra-prediction mode to generate a block of approximate reconstructed samples, and storing the block of approximate reconstructed samples for use in intra-prediction estimation of other blocks of samples.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for encoding an image is provided. An image coding unit, including a region that deviates from a boundary of a current picture, is divided to obtain a coding unit having a smaller size than the size of the image coding unit, and encoding is performed only in a region that does not deviate from the boundary of the current picture. A method and apparatus for decoding an image encoded by the method and apparatus for encoding an image is also provided.

Abstract: When an intra prediction parameter indicates a horizontal prediction process, an intra prediction unit adds a value proportional to a change in a horizontal direction of the luminance values of pixels adjacent to the top of each block, which is a unit for prediction process of a coding block, to the luminance value of a pixel adjacent to the left of the block to set a result of the addition as a predicted value of a prediction image, whereas when the intra prediction parameter indicates a vertical prediction process, the intra prediction unit adds a value proportional to a change in a vertical direction of the luminance values of pixels adjacent to the left of the block to the luminance value of the pixel adjacent to the top of the block to set the result of the addition as a predicted value of the prediction image.

Abstract: Motion vectors of a first reference frame are permitted to point to a plurality of further reference frames. A method of storing the motion vectors comprises, when a block of the first reference frame has two motion vectors initially, selecting one of the two motion vectors, the non-selected motion vector not being stored. The selected motion vector may be scaled. This can reduce the motion vector memory size.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes: a first storing unit for storing a plurality of prediction parameters used in predictive image generation for a plurality of prediction units corresponding in size to at least one picture; a second storing unit for storing two or more prediction parameters used in predictive image generation for two or more prediction units among the plurality of prediction units; and a transferring unit configured to collectively transfer, for predictive image generation, (i) two or more of the prediction parameters from the first storing unit to the second storing unit or collectively transfer (ii) the two or more prediction parameters used in the predictive image generation for the two or more prediction units from the second storing unit to the first storing unit.

Abstract: If the picture identifier of a first frame and the picture identifier of a second frame match, a rewriting unit rewrites the picture identifier and the slice type of the first frame.

Abstract: A temporal motion vector predictor is includable, together with one or more spatial motion vector predictors, in a set of motion vector predictors for a block to encode of a current frame. A method of determining the temporal motion vector predictor comprises selecting as the temporal predictor one motion vector from among motion vectors in a reference block of a reference frame different from the current frame. The reference block is a block of the reference frame collocated with the block to encode or a block of the reference frame neighboring the collocated block. The selection is based on a diversity criterion for achieving diversity among the predictors of the set. This can reduce the motion vector memory requirements with no or no significant additional coding efficiency penalty. Alternatively, even if the motion vector memory is not reduced in size, coding efficiency improvements can be achieved.

Abstract: An aspect of the invention provides a method of processing prediction information for at least part of an image of an enhancement layer of video data, the video data including the enhancement layer and a base layer of lower quality, the enhancement layer being composed of processing blocks and the base layer being composed of elementary units, the method comprising: deriving, for processing blocks of the enhancement layer, prediction information from prediction information of one or more spatially corresponding elementary units of the base layer; constructing a prediction image corresponding to the enhancement image, and the prediction image being composed of prediction units, each processing block of the enhancement layer corresponding spatially to at least one prediction unit of the prediction image, wherein each prediction unit is predicted by applying a prediction mode using the prediction information derived from the base layer.

Abstract: Inter-layer motion mapping information may be used to enable temporal motion vector prediction (TMVP) of an enhancement layer of a bitstream. For example, a reference picture and a motion vector (MV) of an inter-layer video block may be determined. The reference picture may be determined based on a collocated base layer video block. For example, the reference picture may be a collocated inter-layer reference picture of the reference picture of the collocated base layer video block. The MV may be determined based on a MV of the collocated base layer video block. For example, the MV may be determined by determining the MV of the collocated base layer video block and scaling the MV of the collocated base layer video block according to a spatial ratio between the base layer and the enhancement layer. TMVP may be performed on the enhancement layer picture using the MV of the inter-layer video block.

Abstract: When a block (MB22) of which motion vector is referred to in the direct mode contains a plurality of motion vectors, 2 motion vectors MV23 and MV24, which are used for inter picture prediction of a current picture (P23) to be coded, are determined by scaling a value obtained from averaging the plurality of motion vectors or selecting one of the plurality of the motion vectors.

Abstract: When a block (MB22) of which motion vector is referred to in the direct mode contains a plurality of motion vectors, 2 motion vectors MV23 and MV24, which are used for inter picture prediction of a current picture (P23) to be coded, are determined by scaling a value obtained from averaging the plurality of motion vectors or selecting one of the plurality of the motion vectors.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: deriving a candidate for a motion vector of a current block from a co-located motion vector; adding the candidate to a list; selecting the motion vector of the current block from the list; and coding the current block, wherein the deriving includes: deriving the candidate by a first derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of a current reference picture and a co-located reference picture is a long-term reference picture; and deriving the candidate by a second derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of the current reference picture and the co-located reference picture is a short-term reference picture.

Abstract: An image decoding method includes decoding encoded image data to generate a decoded image signal including a luma signal and a chroma signal. The method further includes scaling, when a reference field has a different parity from a current field for motion compensation and when the decoded image signal is in a format in which the number of chroma pixels is vertically different from the number of luma pixels, a chroma motion vector of the chroma signal according to an accuracy for a luma motion vector of the luma signal so that a reference frame will coincide in phase of the chroma signal with a current frame. The method also includes performing motion compensation of the decoded image signal using the scaled chroma motion vector according to the accuracy of the luma motion vector of the luma signal.

Abstract: In video encoding, a video input received in 4:2:2 is resampled. Residuals are formed through the use of reference samples stored in the native 4:2:2, before transforming, quantising and entropy coding to form an encoded bitstream in the resampled format. The encoded bitstream contains a message indicating chrominance resampling and a selected chrominance resampling filter for the decoder to use. An encoder may have a first mode in which the 4:2:2 is up-sampled to 4:4:4 and a second mode in which the 4:2:2 is down-sampled to 4:2:0.