Abstract: A foam molding method, a foamed plastic formed by the method, and a foaming agent used in the foam molding method are provided. The foam molding method may include rotating a screw provided in a barrel, feeding a granular or powdered raw material and a foaming agent into the barrel, the foaming agent producing foam through a chemical reaction, melting the fed raw material and producing a gas from the foaming agent, and phase-changing the produced gas to a supercritical state and mixing the gas with the melted raw material.

Abstract: The present invention discloses polyester-polyether polyols suitable for blending with other polyols or other materials mutually compatible with the polyester polyols to achieve polyurethane and polyisocyanurate products. In particular the present invention discloses polyester-polyether polyols produced by the reaction of: 1) phthalic anhydride with an alcohol having a nominal functionality of 3 and a molecular weight of 90 to 500 under conditions to form a phthalic anhydride half-ester; and 2) alkoxylating the half-ester formed in step 1 to form a polyester-polyether polyol having a hydroxyl number of from 200 to 350; with the proviso when the alcohol is a polyether polyol, the polyether polyol contains at least 70 weight percent of polyoxypropylene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to blowing agent compositions comprising (1) at least one hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) and (2) at least one hydrochlorofluoroolefin (HCFO) used in the preparation of foamable thermoplastic compositions. The HFOs of component (1) include, but are not limited too, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243zf), 1,2,3,3,3 -pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225ye), cis- and/or trans-1,3,33-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO 1234yf), and mixtures thereof. The HCFOs of component (2) include, but are not limited to, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd), 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf) and mixtures thereof. The blowing agent compositions are useful in the production of low density insulating foams with improved k-factor.

Abstract: The invention relates to stable emulsions for the production of foams based on isocyanates, comprising at least three polyols A1a, A1b and A1c and at least one physical blowing agent T, wherein A1a is a polyether polyol, obtained by the addition of epoxies to starter compounds selected from carbohydrates and difunctional or higher-functional alcohols, A1b is a polyether polyol started on an aromatic amine and A1c is a polyester polyether polyol, obtained by the addition of epoxies to the esterification product of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid derivative and a difunctional or higher-functional alcohol. The invention further relates to a method for producing foams by reactions of such emulsions with isocyanates and to the foams obtainable in this way and their use for insulating purposes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polysulfide polyols, their production and use.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polycarbonate resin includes polymerizing an aromatic dihydroxyl compound and a diaryl carbonate to prepare a polycarbonate pre-polymer; injecting and mixing an inert gas with the prepared polycarbonate pre-polymer; and foaming and polymerizing the polycarbonate pre-polymer with which the inert gas is mixed. The method can prevent or reduce yellowing upon melt polymerization of the polycarbonate resin.

Abstract: The disclosure provides curable inks including a diurethane gelator having the structure of Formula I. wherein R and R? each, independently of the other, is a C1-C22 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of (1) linear aliphatic groups, (2) branched aliphatic groups, (3) cyclic aliphatic groups, (4) aliphatic groups containing both cyclic and acyclic portions, any carbon atom of the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be optionally substituted with an alkyl group (cyclic or acyclic), wherein (1) and (2) groups have a carbon number of from about 1 to about 22 carbons, and wherein (3) and (4) groups have a carbon number of from about 4 to about 10 carbons; and X is selected from the group consisting of: (i) an alkylene group, (ii) an arylene group, (iii) an arylalkylene group, and (iv) an alkylarylene group.

Abstract: Oxidation resistant crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is described, wherein at least two different additives in the manufacture synergistically increase the oxidation resistance of crosslinked UHMWPE. This allows the manufacture of oxidation resistant crosslinked UHMWPE using lower levels of additives and/or lower levels of crosslinking irradiation or chemicals. The lower levels of additives and/or crosslinking produce crosslinked UHMWPE having desired physical properties not possible without the synergistic interaction of the additives. This crosslinked UHMWPE may be used in medical prostheses such as in bearing components having desired physical properties such as wear resistance and oxidation resistance not possible without the synergistic interaction of the additives.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a curable ink including a bis-urea gelator having the structure of Formula I. wherein R and R? each, independently of the other, is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of (1) linear aliphatic groups, (2) branched aliphatic groups, (3) cyclic aliphatic groups, (4) aliphatic groups containing both cyclic and acyclic portions, any carbon atom of the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be optionally substituted with an alkyl group (cyclic or acyclic), wherein (1) and (2) groups have a carbon number of from about 1 to about 22 carbons, and wherein (3) and (4) groups have a carbon number of from about 4 to about 10 carbons; and X is selected from the group consisting of: (i) an alkylene group, (ii) an arylene group, (iii) an arylalkylene group, and (iv) an alkylarylene group.

Abstract: A material is provided for contact lens including a first siloxane macromer represented by the following formula (I): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently C1-C12 hydroxyl group, C1-C12 alkyl groups or C1-C12 siloxane group; R4 is C1-C6 alkylene group or C1-C6 alkylene substituted with ether group; R5 is —H, —CH3, —CH(CH3)2, —CH(CH3)CH2(CH3), —CH2CH(CH3)2, —CH2C6H5, —CH2OH, —CH(OH)CH3, —CH2CONH2 or —CH2CH2CONH2: R6 is —NHCONH—, —NHCO—, —R8NHCONH— or —R8NHCO—, wherein R8 is —O—, —O(CH2)n— or —(CH2)n— and n is an integer of 1-10; R7 is hydrogen or methyl; and m is an integer of 10-100.

Abstract: A method of dispensing a hardenable dental composition, which can form a temporary bond, comprising 1) providing multi-part hardenable dental composition comprising part (A) in the form of a paste comprising acid-reactive glass particles and a liquid selected from the group consisting of water, a monomer having at least one ethylenically unsaturated group per monomer molecule, and a combination thereof; and part (B) comprising a water soluble polyacid and a liquid selected from the group consisting of water, a monomer having at least one ethylenically unsaturated group per monomer molecule, and a combination thereof; wherein an adhesion reducing component is included in part (A); part (B); or parts (A) and (B); water is included in part (A); part (B); or parts (A) and (B); the monomer having at least one ethylenically unsaturated group per monomer molecule is included in part (A); part (B); or parts (A) and (B); and at least one component for initiating polymerization of the monomer is included in part (A); p

Abstract: An organic-inorganic composite filler contains: inorganic aggregate particles formed by aggregation of inorganic primary particles with an average particle diameter of 10 to 1000 nm; an organic resin phase including a cured polymer of a polymerizable monomer covering surfaces of the inorganic primary particles and bonding the inorganic primary particles to each other, and a water absorbing resin; and aggregation gaps with a volume of micropores formed between parts of the organic resin phase of 0.01 to 0.30 cm3/g in pore volume measurement within a pore diameter range of 1 to 500 nm, as measured by a mercury intrusion technique. In a cross section passing through the centers of the inorganic aggregate particles, based on 100 measured inorganic particles, there are 10 or less inorganic aggregate particles having a macro void with a maximum width of at least 1 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to absorbable polyurethane compositions suitable for use in bone repair or reconstruction. The present invention relates to the field of polyurethane-based cements, and putties for use in bone hemostasis, repair and reconstruction. The putty compositions may comprise a mixture of two or more individual putties formed through mixing of one or more reactive components and one or more additive (filler) components. Also disclosed herein are methods of using the putty compositions in medical applications to repair gaps or fractures, or to aid in tissue growth or adhesion.

Abstract: This invention relates to medicine, more specifically, to surgical devices, and can be used for gluing soft body tissues. The medical glue comprises 3-methacryloxysulpholane, N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate and at least one stabilizer.

Abstract: A composition is capable of curing via condensation reaction. The composition uses a new condensation reaction catalyst. The new condensation reaction catalyst is used to replace conventional tin catalysts. The composition can react to form a gum, gel, rubber, or resin.

Abstract: A process of preparing a water-based emulsion includes adding a first monomer feed to a reaction vessel in the presence of a first initiator and water to form an acid-functional polymer; neutralizing the acid-functional polymer to form a particulate polymer; and adding a second monomer feed to the reaction vessel in the presence of a second initiator to form an agglomerated polymer; where the process is a one-pot process. The first monomer feed includes a (meth)acrylate monomer, a (meth)acrylic acid monomer, and a styrenic monomer; the second monomer feed includes a hydrophobic monomer; the water-based emulsion includes the agglomerated polymer; the agglomerated polymer includes the particulate polymer; and the agglomerated polymer having an aggregated drupelet morphology. The agglomerated polymers may be used in high opacity emulsions.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an aqueous polymer dispersion and a coating composition made thereof, especially to a “green” antibacterial polymer dispersion with improved color stability property upon exposure to heat and/or light, and the coating composition made thereof.

Abstract: Provided are a rubber composition capable of achieving a balanced improvement in performance on ice and snow, fuel economy, abrasion resistance, rubber strength, wet-grip performance, and dry handling stability, and a studless winter tire including the rubber composition. The present invention relates to a rubber composition including a specific conjugated diene polymer obtained by using a polymerization initiator represented by the formula (I) below, a high-cis polybutadiene having a cis microstructure content of not less than 95% by mass, a polyisoprene-based rubber, and a silica having a N2SA of 40-400 m2/g, wherein the rubber composition includes, based on 100% by mass of a rubber component, 1-45% by mass of the conjugated diene polymer, 20-64% by mass of the high-cis polybutadiene, and 35-60% by mass of the polyisoprene-based rubber, and the rubber composition includes 5-150 parts by mass of the silica for each 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.

Abstract: The present application generally relates to flexible pavement markings, methods of making flexible pavement markings, and compositions of flexible pavement markings.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide: a rubber composition which, when it is applied to a component member (such as a tread) of a tire, exhibits good wear resistance without deteriorating rolling resistance of the tire; a cross-linked rubber composition obtained by cross-linking the rubber composition; and a tire using the rubber composition or the cross-linked rubber composition as a material thereof. Specifically, the present invention provides a rubber composition obtained by blending and kneading a rubber component and hydrated silica together, characterized in that: provided that D represents the average primary particle diameter and LP represents the log differential pore volume at a pore diameter of 30 nm, of the hydrated silica in the rubber composition, D and LP satisfy relationships represented by following formulae (1) and (2). LP>?0.045×D+1.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method of processing natural rubber latex using an extruder including a plurality of process zones by processing coagulant with latex to produce a coagulum and serum. In some embodiments, the coagulant can include an acid, a metal salt, or a mixture of both. Some embodiments can include a coagulum wash stage, and a deresination step. In some embodiments, the extruder can be operated to move coagulum through the extruder to remove at least some fraction of water to form a substantially dewatered coagulum, and a drying step to form a dried coagulum. In some embodiments, a stabilizer such as an antioxidant can be introduced into the extruder, and processed to remain in some fraction in the dried coagulum. Some alternative embodiments include a latex processing method of providing a flow of coagulant, and combining latex with the flowing using an emulsion dispensing bar.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a curable composition which comprises epoxy resin, epoxy-group-bearing reactive diluent and the hardener 2,2?,6,6?-tetramethyl-4,4?-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine), curing thereof, and the cured epoxy resin obtainable therefrom, and the use of 2,2?,6,6?-tetramethyl-4,4?-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine) as a hardener for epoxy resins in curable compositions with epoxy-group-bearing reactive diluent.

Abstract: A two-component curable epoxy resin system is disclosed. The resin system includes an epoxy resin component containing at least 80% by weight of a polyglycidyl ether of a polyphenol that has an epoxy equivalent weight of up to about 200 and contains no more than 2% by weight of monohydrolyzed resin species.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an asphalt concrete mixture, an asphalt binder composition, and methods of preparing the related compositions. The asphalt binder compositions include a polyphosphoric acid, a macromolecular polymer having a saturated backbone with macromolecular modifications, sulfur, and non-surfactant additives based on wax chemistry. The compositions are capable of being performance graded and being used in warm mix asphalt applications.

Abstract: Provided are a rubber composition in which microfibrillated plant fibers are sufficiently uniformly dispersed to improve tire performance requirements in a balanced manner, and a pneumatic tire formed from the rubber composition. The present invention relates to a rubber composition formed from a masterbatch containing a rubber latex and microfibrillated plant fibers, the masterbatch being obtained by stirring the microfibrillated plant fibers in a solvent with a circulation type or continuous homogenizer and mixing the resulting microfibrillated plant fiber solution with the rubber latex and a cationic polymer, the microfibrillated plant fibers having a mean fiber length of 10 to 150 ?m, the microfibrillated plant fiber solution containing 0.1 to 2.0% by mass of the microfibrillated plant fibers, and the amount of the cationic polymer being 0.01 to 5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component of the rubber latex.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention is an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin composition having superior appearance characteristics (particularly decreased coloring and unevenness of the hue), and is accompanied by suppressed occurrence of yellowing, etc., in melt molding. An ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin composition containing an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) and a compound having an enediol structure (B), in which a molar ratio of the compound (B) to vinyl alcohol units of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (A) is 2.70×10?9 or greater and 2.70×10?5 or less.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention provides a precursor to an echogenic polymer microcapsule or nanocapsule. The precursor includes an emulsion including a polymer solution and an aqueous solution including a water-soluble sublimable solute. This aspect of the invention can have a variety of embodiments. In one embodiment, the water-soluble sublimable solute can be an ammonium salt. For example, the ammonium salt can be ammonium carbonate.

Abstract: There is provided a new triazine-based compound which is useful as an ultraviolet absorber having excellent light resistance, heat resistance and ultraviolet ray shielding effect. A compound represented by the following general formula (1), in the general formula (1), L1 represents a divalent to decavalent aromatic ring residue or a divalent to decavalent heterocycle residue, n1 represents an integer of 2 to 10, X1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R1a, R1b, R1c and R1d each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent and may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (1), in the general formula (1), X1a and X1b represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, Y1 represents a substituent having a dissociative proton, Z1a and Z1b each independently represent heteroatom or a carbon atom, Q1 represents an atomic group which is required to form an aromatic heterocycle together with Z1a and Z1b.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel composition made of polyalkoxylated derivatives of trimethylolpropane and fatty alcohols, said composition lending itself to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a reversing agent for a reversible reverse latex.

Abstract: An unvulcanized rubber composition for calendaring has an elongational viscosity of not more than 102 kPa when measured at a temperature of 95 deg. C., and a shear velocity of 500 to 2000 (1/second). A method for manufacturing a topping rubber for a cord ply embedded in a pneumatic tire is characterized in that, the unvulcanized rubber composition is extended and shaped with the use of calender rolls whose surface temperature is 60 to 100 deg. C.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rubber composition for a tire having improved abrasion resistance, fuel economy and processability in a balanced manner. The present invention also provides a method for producing the rubber composition, and a pneumatic tire formed from the rubber composition. The present invention relates to a rubber composition for a tire obtained by mixing a kneaded mixture containing butadiene rubber 1, silica 1, a silane coupling agent 1 with a sulfur content of 20% by mass or more, and oil 1; styrene-butadiene rubber 2; and a silane coupling agent 2 with a sulfur content of less than 20% by mass.

Abstract: A rubber composition for tire treads is obtained by blending, per 100 parts by mass of a diene rubber, 5 to 150 parts by mass of silica and 0.5 to 20 parts by mass of a silicone oligomer represented by the following siloxane average formula (1): (X)a(Y)b(R1)c(R2)dSiO(4-a-b-c-d)/2 (wherein X is a mercapto group-containing organic group; Y is a hydrolyzable group, R1 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, R2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, 0<a<1, 0<b<3, 0<c<2, 0?d<2, and 0<a+b+c+d<4). The diene rubber contains an aromatic vinyl-conjugated diene copolymer in an amount of at least 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the diene rubber, the aromatic vinyl-conjugated diene copolymer having an aromatic vinyl content of 20 to 45 mass % and a vinyl bond content in the conjugated diene of 10 to 50%.

Abstract: Provided are compounds of the following: wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon optionally substituted with an alkyl and/or an OXO-ester, and R2 is the residue of a C4 to C14 OXO-alcohol. Also provided are processes for making the compounds and plasticized polymer compositions containing said compounds.

Abstract: White or near-white antistatic ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is obtained by consolidating a mixture of UHMWPE powder and an organic antistat at high pressure and elevated temperature. The organic antistat is preferably a non-ionic solid which has been cryogenically ground to fine particle size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing high solids aqueous suspensions of mineral materials comprising the steps of providing at least one mineral material, preparing an aqueous suspension comprising the at least one mineral material, grinding the resulting aqueous suspension, centrifuging the ground aqueous suspension, and concentrating the centrifuged product of step d) by flash cooling; the high solids aqueous suspension of mineral materials obtained by this process, as well as the use thereof.

Abstract: A non-halogenated flame retardant thermoplastic compound is disclosed. The compound comprises one or more grafted polyolefin resins, non-halogenated flame retardant, non-halogenated processing aid, a compatibilizer, and, optionally, other additives. The non-halogenated processing aid found to be useful, among several candidates, was a dendritic polymer.

Abstract: Provided are: a tire rubber composition improving fuel economy and abrasion resistance while maintaining good wet-grip performance or improving it; and a pneumatic tire including the same.

Abstract: Provided are: a rubber composition achieving balanced improvement in fuel economy, abrasion resistance, and processability, and a pneumatic tire including the composition. The rubber composition includes: a conjugated diene polymer; silica; and a silane coupling agent, the polymer being obtained by polymerizing a monomer component including a conjugated diene compound and a silicon-containing vinyl compound in the presence of a polymerization initiator of formula (I): to produce a copolymer, and reacting a compound containing nitrogen and/or silicon atoms with an active terminal of the copolymer, wherein the rubber composition contains the conjugated diene polymer in an amount of 5-45% by mass per 100% by mass of a rubber component, the silica in an amount of 5 to 100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component, and the coupling agent in an amount of 2-12 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the silica.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rubber composition including (A) at least one rubber component selected from the group consisting of a synthetic rubber and a natural rubber; (B) a polymer of farnesene; and (C) carbon black having an average particle size of from 5 to 100 nm, a content of the carbon black (C) in the rubber composition being from 20 to 100 parts by mass on the basis of 100 parts by mass of the rubber component (A).

Abstract: This invention provides a PSA composition comprising a base polymer and a tackifier resin. The base polymer is a block copolymer of a monovinyl-substituted aromatic compound and a conjugated diene compound. The tackifier resin comprises a tackifier resin TH having a softening point of 120° C. or above. The tackifier resin TH comprises a tackifier resin THR1 having an aromatic ring while having a hydroxyl value of 30 mgKOH/g or lower.

Abstract: Woodstains of improved weatherability are prepared by incorporating polymer coated nanoparticles, and preferably at least one silicone, fluorocarbon, organosilane or wax water repellant into the woodstain.

Abstract: Pre-polymer materials suitable for the preparation of superior sealants are provided along with silylated (silane terminated) hybrid acrylic polyurethane pre-polymers, and the preparation thereof, and sealants comprising the pre-polymers, and the preparation of the sealants are also provided. A silylated acrylic polyurethane hybrid pre-polymer of acrylic pre-polymer, and polyurethane including acrylic pre-polymer and a second component, which may be a silylated polyurethane (SPUR) or may be a mixture of an isocyanate, a polyol, and a silane is also provided. In a specific embodiment, the silylated hybrid acrylic polyurethane pre-polymer includes an acrylic pre-polymer, and a silylated polyurethane (SPUR).

Abstract: Polyolefin composition comprising (a) a heterophasic propylene copolymer comprising a polypropylene (PP) having a melt flow rate MFR2 (230° C.) of 30 to 350 g/10 min, and an elastomeric propylene copolymer (E) having an intrinsic viscosity (IV) in the range of 1.5 to 3.0 dl/g and (b) a polyethylene having a melt flow rate MFR2 (190° C.) of 15 to 100 g/10 min, wherein (i) the total polyolefin composition has a melt flow rate MFR2 (230° C.) of more than 15 to 200 g/10 min, and (ii) the weight ratio of elastomeric propylene copolymer to the polyethylene is below 2.0.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition of ionisable fluoropolymers, in particular to polymer compositions comprising: a) at least one fluorinated ionisable polymer (A), which comprises recurring fluorinated blocks and recurring functional blocks, each of said recurring functional blocks comprising at least one ionisable anionic group, and in which polymer (A) at least one of the said recurring functional blocks is comprised between two fluorinated blocks; b) at least one fluorinated ionisable polymer (B), which comprises recurring fluorinated blocks and recurring functional blocks, each of said recurring functional blocks comprising at least one ionisable cationic group, and in which polymer (B) at least one of the said recurring functional blocks is comprised between two fluorinated blocks; wherein the ratio between the ionic equivalents of polymer (A) and the ionic equivalents of polymer (B) ranges from 1.1 to 0.9.

Abstract: A method for producing a modified conjugated diene-based polymer including a polymerization step of obtaining a conjugated diene-based polymer having an active end by use of a polymerization initiator containing a compound having at least one nitrogen atom in a molecule and an organic lithium compound; and a modification step of reacting a modifier represented by the following chemical formula (6) with the active end of the conjugated diene-based polymer: wherein R4 to R7 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms; R8 represents an alkylene group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms; R9 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; m is an integer of 1 or 2; and n is an integer of 2 or 3.

Abstract: A thermosetting composition containing a compound (A) and a compound (B) is described, wherein the compound (A) is a carboxylic acid ester having at least one group represented by formula (1): and the compound (B) is a diamine. In formula (1), R1 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, R2 is independently alkylene having 2 or 3 carbons, and n is an integer of 1 to 3.

Abstract: A polyimide precursor composition includes an organic amine compound and a resin which contains a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (I) and has an imidization rate of 0.2 or less dissolved in a solvent containing water and one or more kinds of organic solvents selected from a water-soluble ether solvent, a water-soluble ketone solvent, and a water-soluble alcohol solvent: wherein A represents a tetravalent organic group, and B represents a divalent organic group.

Abstract: A polyimide precursor composition includes: a resin that contains a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (I) and has an imidization rate of 0.2 or less, wherein A represents a tetravalent organic group, and B represents a divalent organic group; an aliphatic cyclic amine compound; and an aqueous solvent, wherein the resin and the aliphatic cyclic amine compound are dissolved in the aqueous solvent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymerizable inorganic particle dispersant that can achieve an inorganic-organic composite particle and inorganic-organic resin composite material, which have a high refractive index and a high Abbe's number, i.e., which can achieve both of a high refractive index and a high Abbe's number that is non-conventional in a composite with an inorganic particle. The present invention relates to a polymerizable inorganic particle dispersant comprising a compound which includes the following functional groups A, B and Q: A: Polymerizable functional group; B: Carboxyl group, Oxo acid group containing a phosphorous or Oxo acid group containing sulfur; and C: Sulfur-containing divalent or more aliphatic hydrocarbon group, which may contain a hetero atom other than sulfur.