Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a conductive area, a first pattern formed on the substrate and having a contact hole through which the conductive area is exposed, and a contact plug in the contact hole. The contact plug includes first and second silicon layers. The first silicon layer, formed from a first compound including at least two silicon atoms, is formed in the contact hole to contact a top surface of the conductive area and a side wall of the first pattern. The second silicon layer, formed from a second compound including a number of silicon atoms less than the number of the silicon atoms of the first compound, is formed on the first silicon layer and fills a remaining space of the contact hole, the second silicon layer being spaced apart from the first pattern at an entrance of the contact hole.

Abstract: A microelectronic assembly can include a substrate having first and second surfaces and an aperture extending therebetween, the substrate having terminals. The assembly can also include a first microelectronic element having a front surface facing the first surface of the substrate, a second microelectronic element having a front surface facing the first microelectronic element and projecting beyond an edge of the first microelectronic element, first and second leads electrically connecting contacts of the respective first and second microelectronic elements to the terminals, and third leads electrically interconnecting the contacts of the first and second microelectronic elements. The contacts of the first microelectronic element can be exposed at the front surface thereof adjacent the edge thereof. The contacts of the second microelectronic element can be disposed in a central region of the front surface thereof. The first, second, and third leads can have portions aligned with the aperture.

Abstract: A semiconductor module may include a circuit substrate with a first die on the circuit substrate and a second die on the first die. The first die may include at least one first data input/output pad on a first peripheral portion of the first die and at least one first control/address pad on a third peripheral portion, the third peripheral portion being separate from the first peripheral portion of the first die. The second die may include at least one second data input/output pad on a second peripheral portion and at least one second control/address pad on a fourth peripheral portion. The second peripheral portion of the second die is not overlapped with the first peripheral portion of the first die in plan view. The fourth peripheral portion of the second die overlaps at least a portion of the third peripheral portion of the first die.

Abstract: A hybrid pixel detector structure including a plurality of detector entities, each detector entity including at least one read-out element, such as a read-out ASIC, and an overlapping substantially edgeless radiation sensitive detector volume, these two being electrically coupled utilizing a number of conductive elements in between, further including a substrate, such as a circuit board, or multiple substrates such as one per detector entity, for accommodating the plurality of detector entities, wherein the substantially edgeless detector volume of at least one detector entity of the plurality includes an overhang portion outside the overlap between the detector volume and the read-out element, and the read-out element of at least one other detector entity of the plurality includes an extension portion, also outside the overlap, with a number of electrical coupling elements to electrically couple to the substrate, such as conductors and/or electronics thereof.

Abstract: An inventive semiconductor device includes a semiconductor chip having a passivation film, and a sealing resin layer provided over the passivation film for sealing a front side of the semiconductor chip. The sealing resin layer extends to a side surface of the passivation film to cover the side surface.

Abstract: An encapsulation technique for leadless semiconductor packages entails: (a) attaching a plurality of dice (411) to die pads in cavities (41-45, 51-55) of a leadframe, the cavities arranged in a matrix of columns and rows; (b) electrically connecting the dice to a plurality of conducting portions (412-414) of the leadframe; and (c) longitudinally injecting molding material into the cavities along the columns via a plurality of longitudinal gates (46-49, 56-59) of the leadframe to package the dice in the cavities, the longitudinal gates situated between the cavities along the columns.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition for encapsulating a semiconductor device includes a curing agent, a curing accelerator, inorganic fillers, and an epoxy resin, the epoxy resin including a first resin represented by Formula 1: wherein R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or a C1 to C4 linear or branched alkyl group, and n is a value from 1 to 9 on average.

Abstract: A device includes a substrate, and an alignment mark including a conductive through-substrate via (TSV) penetrating through the substrate.

Abstract: An electrical generator apparatus, which is configured to convert an external actuation force applied by a vehicle traveling on a roadway into electrical energy, includes a rotatable top portion adapted to receive the external actuation force applied by the vehicle traveling on the roadway; a plurality of linkage members operatively connected to one another in succession, the rotatable top portion being operatively coupled to a first one of the plurality of linkage members; a first wheel operatively coupled to a last one of the plurality of linkage members; a second wheel operatively coupled to the first wheel via a tangential coupling element; a rotatable shaft operatively coupled to the second wheel; at least one flywheel operatively coupled to the rotatable shaft; and at least one electrical generator operatively coupled to the rotatable shaft, the electrical generator adapted to convert a rotational movement of the rotatable shaft into electrical energy.

Abstract: An apparatus for harvesting energy from motion of a prosthetic limb, wherein the prosthetic limb has motion in at least one degree of freedom, may include a hydraulic amplifier mechanically coupled with a generator. The hydraulic amplifier may include an input member configured to receive an input motion when a first motion in a degree of freedom of the prosthetic limb causes pressure and motion of hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic amplifier is configured to amplify the input motion of the input member to a greater output motion. The generator is configured to convert mechanical energy of the output motion into corresponding electrical energy delivered to one of an electrical load and an electrical storage reservoir.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a device includes forming a moveable plate over a substrate, and forming an energy harvesting coil in the moveable plate. The method further includes forming at least one connector connecting the movable plate with the energy harvesting coil, wherein a portion of the energy harvesting coil extends along the at least one connector. The method further includes forming electrodes around the moveable plate, the electrodes adapted to sense motion of the moveable plate.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for controlling the active power injected into the grid by a generating plant for contributing to the stability of the power grid in the event of frequency variations where, in response to a deviation in grid frequency, each generating unit calculates an active power variation parameter generated based on a first parameter stored in said generating unit, said first parameter being representative of a respective contribution of said generating unit to a required variation in total active power of the generating plant, and where a central control unit of the generating plant connected to each generating unit updates the value of the first parameters when changes are produced therein.

Abstract: A wind turbine has a Lidar device to sense wind conditions upstream of the wind turbine including wind speed, direction and turbulence. Signals from the Lidar are processed to detect an event which could give rise to low cycle fatigue loading on one or more components of the wind turbine. On detection the system controller takes the necessary evasive action depending on the nature and severity of the extreme condition detected. This may include a significant reduction in power generated through reduction in rotor speed or torque, complete shutdown of the generator and yawing of the nacelle and rotor in response to a change in wind direction.

Abstract: A fault-tolerant control system and method for variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbines with an inverter-fed generator. When generator faults are detected, the generator torque and/or flux is limited to prevent propagation of the faults and possible failure and shutdown of the generator. The control system and method improves on two-loop control methods for variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbines and provides improved power delivery under fault conditions.

Abstract: An electric power generation system (EPGS) employs both a wild-source generator and a variable and/or constant frequency generator. The wild-source generator is coupled to receive mechanical power from a low-pressure spool on an aircraft engine and to generate in response a wild-source output for consumption by voltage and frequency-tolerant loads. The variable and/or constant frequency generator is coupled to receive mechanical power from a high-pressure spool on the aircraft engine and to generate in response a variable and/or constant frequency output for consumption by voltage and frequency-intolerant loads.

Abstract: A passive bluff body is disposed in flowing fluid for generating power. The shape of the bluff body supports a predetermined oscillatory clockwise and counter clockwise movement about a pivot absent the influence of electrical or mechanical devices for biasing the bluff body's motion for a given velocity, or range of velocities, of the fluid flow.

Abstract: A fluid-driven power generating apparatus is a power generator in form pipes with either water wheels or balls with circumferential indents rotating therewithin. The water wheels or the balls are rotated by the fluid flow within the pipes. Each of the water wheels or each the balls has a wheel axle or a ball wheel axle which is encircled by a metal coil. Each metal coil is rotated by the fluid flow within a magnetic field produced by the electromagnetic layer attached to each of the pipes. Through the rotations of the metal coil within the magnetic field, electricity is thus created and stored in an energy storage device. Another variation of the present invention is a closed-system fluid-driven power generating apparatus with mercury as the driving fluid. The present invention can be incorporated into plumbing, dip, sprinkler systems as well as watercrafts such as ships, submarines, jet skis, etc.

Abstract: An energy generation apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a base, a sidewall enclosing a perimeter of the base to define a first volume, and a tube having a first end and a second end. The base includes a solar energy collection surface. The first end of the tube is disposed in the first volume adjacent the base, and the second end of the tube is disposed in a second volume outside of the first volume. The apparatus also includes a fluid flow initiator to initiate a flow of a fluid from the first volume to the second volume through the tube when the fluid in the first volume has been heated by the solar energy collection surface to generate a super-adiabatic lapse rate.

Abstract: A receiver and method for a transponder of a two-way automatic communications system (TWACS) used by an electrical utility in which analog outbound messages are sent from the utility to a consumer and inbound, reply messages are sent from the consumer to the utility. The receiver and method enable a transponder to detect the outbound messages and include A/D conversion and digital processing for demodulating a digitized signal and providing the outbound message.

Abstract: A power distribution device has a number N1 of conversion devices comprising a respective cascade generator for converting a first part of a mechanical power into a first electrical power with an alternating voltage of constant amplitude and constant frequency, and comprising a respective frequency converter for supplying a second electrical power with the alternating voltage of constant amplitude and constant frequency as a function of a second part of the mechanical power; a number N2 of constant frequency buses for the respective transfer of the electrical power of constant frequency supplied by the at least one conversion device to a number N3 of loads which comprises at least a number N4 of loads to be controlled in terms of their power consumption; and a number N4 of control devices, wherein the respective control device is coupled between the respective load to be controlled and the constant frequency bus and is designed to control the power consumption of the load to be controlled.

Abstract: A booster control apparatus for controlling a booster provided between a battery and a load in an idling-stop vehicle in which a boosting operation of the booster is initiated in connection with a restart of an engine after an idling-stop, is disclosed. When the boosting operation of the booster is initiated in connection with the restart of the engine after the idling-stop, the booster control apparatus sets the target voltage in such a manner that the target voltage gradually increases from a second target voltage, which corresponds to the battery voltage at the beginning of the boosting operation of the booster, to a first target voltage which corresponds to the battery voltage at the time of a stop of the engine.

Abstract: A dynamic high-energy switch used for correcting load imbalance through connecting and disconnecting capacitance in a power feed circuit.

Abstract: A battery control apparatus comprising a battery circuit in which a plurality of batteries are connected to each other; a plurality of first switches that switch whether the batteries are connected in series or connected in parallel; a voltage detecting section that detects a maximum voltage output by the battery circuit; and a switch control section that, when the maximum voltage of the battery circuit occurring when the batteries are connected in parallel is less than or equal to a first threshold value, controls the first switches to connect at least a portion of the batteries in series.

Abstract: A junction box for connecting a power supply unit is disclosed. The junction box includes a first connection terminal, a second connection terminal, a serial carrier interface module, and a control module. The first connection terminal and the second terminal are utilized to connect the junction box and another junction box in a serial connection. The serial carrier interface module is electrically coupled to the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal for the transmission of a carrier and a DC power, which is provided from the power supply unit. The control module is electrically coupled to the serial carrier interface module for receiving the carrier and for controlling of the transmission of the DC power according to the carrier. A power system which employs the junction boxes and a method for controlling the power system are also disclosed.

Abstract: An energy storage system has a reduced number of capacitors for storing energy such as renewable energy, thereby reducing cost and improving stability of the system. The energy storage system is configured to store power from a power generating unit, and includes: a storage capacitor having a first end electrically coupled to one end of the power generating unit; a secondary battery having a first terminal electrically coupled to a second end of the storage capacitor, and a second terminal electrically coupled to another end of the power generating unit; and a first converter configured to selectively couple the storage capacitor and the secondary battery to a load.

Abstract: A controller includes a difference detector that detects a difference between a switching timing of a first channel of a switching power supply including a plurality of channels, and a switching timing of a second channel of the switching power supply, the plurality of channels being coupled in common to an input power supply and performing switching operations in response to clock signals, and a timing adjuster that, based on a detection result of the difference detector, increases a difference between a timing of a clock signal supplied to the first channel and a timing of a clock signal supplied to the second channel when the difference between the switching timing of the first channel and the switching timing of the second channel is smaller than a first value.

Abstract: With a method whereby reactive power is changed from a fluctuating output to a constant output by a frequency rise or fall monitor circuit stage level being exceeded, and an isolated operation is detected, a problem occurs with a small scale grid in that, as the frequency is liable to fluctuate due to a load fluctuation, there is liable to be a false detection of an isolated operation. In contrast, an abnormal frequency stage detection can be performed such that the frequency at a point when the rising edge of a reactive power fluctuation is detected, and the frequency at a point when the falling edge is detected, are detected sequentially, and an abnormal frequency stage detection is recognized when the order of the difference between the current detection value and the previous detection value is “increase”, “decrease”, “increase”.

Abstract: A method for no break power transfer in a variable frequency power generating system, the power generating system comprising a first bus connected to a first generator and a second bus connected to a second generator includes configuring a power transfer device to output power that is synchronized to match a voltage and a frequency of the second bus to the second bus; reconfiguring the power transfer device to output power that is synchronized to match a voltage and a frequency of the first bus to the second bus; and closing a tie switch located between the first bus and the second bus.

Abstract: A power supply circuit is disclosed in embodiments of the present invention, which includes: a voltage output device, configured to generate an output voltage; a parasitic resistance, connected between an output end of the voltage output device and an external load, where two ends of the parasitic resistance generate a voltage drop; and a compensation circuit, connected to the output end of the voltage output device and configured to generate a compensation voltage, where the compensation voltage is loaded onto the voltage output device, so as to offset the voltage drop generated by the parasitic resistance, so that a voltage obtained at an input end of the load is roughly equal to the output voltage generated by the voltage output device. The circuit is applicable to improving load regulation of a power supply.

Abstract: In a method and in an apparatus for transmission of energy and data, with a primary side, on which an amplifier is arranged, with a secondary side, on which a data source, e.g. a measuring sensor, is arranged, and with a plug-together assembly inductively coupling, galvanically completely isolated, the primary side and the secondary side, to minimize power losses and disturbing influences of fluctuating parameters, power from the plug-together assembly and from the amplifier, preferably a Class-E-amplifier, is controlled to a predeterminable, desired value. For this, a microcontroller taps the primary voltage on the primary winding and produces for the amplifier a controlled operating voltage as well as a controlled operating frequency, in order to keep the working point of the amplifier always in the optimal region.

Abstract: A wireless power feeder has a power feed coil that performs a power feed by a non-contact method to a wireless power receiver having a power receive coil. A power source section supplies AC power to the power feed coil. A control section calculates a power transmission efficiency from the power feed coil to the power receive coil to control a power source section so that the power supply to the power feed coil is in a stopped or intermittent state when the power transmission efficiency is lower than a first determination reference value; is in a first power supply state when the power transmission efficiency is equal to or higher than the first determination reference value and lower than a larger second determination reference value; and is in a second power supply state when the power transmission efficiency is equal to or higher than the second determination reference value.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a circuit and a method for generating a pulse signal. The circuit includes a generating circuit configured to generate a first pulse signal, a branching circuit coupled to the generating circuit and configured to branch the first pulse signal into a second pulse signal and a third pulse signal, and a reflection element coupled to the branching circuit to reflect the second pulse signal. The circuit further includes a combining circuit, which is coupled to the reflection element and the branching circuit and is configured to combine the reflected second pulse signal and the third pulse signal to generate a fourth pulse signal.

Abstract: Disclosed are method and apparatus for implementing power distribution unit with a hybrid switching module. The apparatus comprises multiple outlets coupled to a hybrid switching module that switches on or off the plurality of outlets. The apparatus further comprises a single SSR for the hybrid switching module and two EMRs for an outlet and a controller that communicates with the hybrid switching module via digital line(s) to control power distribution. The apparatus comprises a display for displaying information related to the power outlets, two current detection circuitries for monitoring the total input current and an individual outlet, and a voltage detection circuitry for sensing voltages. The number of outlets may be scaled by using one or more hybrid switching module that share the single SSR. The apparatus further comprises a web server running thereon to interface with remote users to process the user's requests for the apparatus.

Abstract: A solid-state power distribution system having a first solid-state switching device (SSSD) and a second solid-state switching device (SSSD) for distributing power from an AC power source to a load includes a leakage current reduction circuit for reducing leakage current generated by the SSSDs when Off. When the first and second SSSDs are Off, the leakage current reduction circuit provides a positive bias voltage across controlled terminals of the first SSSD and a negative bias voltage across controlled terminals of the second SSSD.

Abstract: A user interface device for a switching device for low voltage electrical circuits comprising one or more electrical poles and an auxiliary device, provided with a first control unit. The user interface device, according to the invention, comprises a second control unit capable of storing data and of exchanging data and/or signals with said first control unit. The user interface device, according to the invention is mechanically associable, in a removable manner, with the switching device. The user interface device, according to the invention is electrically connectable, in a removable manner, to the aforesaid auxiliary device.

Abstract: An operating control device for adjusting the power of a heating device has a rotary knob that has an off position in which said rotary knob is deactivated, and a working position into which said knob can be brought to adjust the power. The working position is predetermined by a lock-in position, and the rotary knob can be rotated over a working angle of a rotation range in at least one direction of rotation from the working position counter to a counterforce that rises as the angle of rotation increases. The operating control device can detect the angle of rotation and uses a control system of the operating control device for adjusting the power. The control system is configured in such a manner that the power is adjusted more rapidly as the angle of rotation increases.

Abstract: A power supply circuit for a remote load and a local controller includes a line connection receiving electrical power from an AC source. A load connection connects to the remote load. A switch is located between the line and load connections. Power is supplied to the load from the AC source through the switch. The switch is selectively opened and closed by the controller. A low voltage supply portion supplies power from the AC source to the controller. The low voltage supply portion includes an energy storage device for storing electrical energy for the controller. A current-limited earth ground portion conducts charging current from the energy storage device to earth and prevents charging current conducted to earth from exceeding a predetermined current level. An earth ground bypass portion conducts at least some of the charging current to the load when the switch located between the line and load is open.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method, an apparatus, a computer program product and a system for a first serial and a second serial interface for connecting or disconnecting a power terminal of a first serial interface to a power terminal of a second serial interface based on a voltage level at an identification terminal of the second serial interface, wherein each interface comprising at least one data line and power supply line.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for controlling the activation of isolated circuitry, and more particularly complete discharge devices for batteries, and similar circuits that are enclosed within sealed housings.

Abstract: A system and method of synchronization protocol for fire alarm strobe systems which has the ability to synchronize the strobe light devices from different manufactures simultaneously.

Abstract: An electromagnetic vibrator includes an electromagnetic provider and a vibration unit, wherein the vibration unit includes a diaphragm unit and an induction coil unit affixing on an inner side of the diaphragm unit, so that when the vibration unit is mounted to the electromagnetic provider, the induction coil is inducted to the electromagnetic to generate an electromagnetic field, so as to axially vibrate the induction coil to vibrate the vibration unit.

Abstract: A stepping motor for a meter to rotate a pointer of a meter, the stepping motor for a meter includes: a rotor part having: a cylindrical magnet; and a rotational shaft, which is hollow and made of a resin, and which is molded on an inner periphery of the cylindrical magnet and is coaxial with the cylindrical magnet; a stator part that contains the rotor part therein and has an excitation coil; a front plate made of a resin, and an end plate made of a resin, wherein a fixing part to fix the cylindrical magnet is molded when molding the rotational shaft, and wherein the cylindrical magnet is fixed by the fixing part so that the cylindrical magnet and the rotational shaft are integrated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drive module, particularly for a fan in a motor vehicle, comprising a drive motor having a stator, at least one vibration-dampening decoupling element, and a fastening flange connected to the stator of the drive motor by the decoupling element, wherein the decoupling element is arranged in the interior of the stator and the fastening flange comprises a supporting element that is engaged in the decoupling element.

Abstract: On an inner circumference side of a stator fixed in an inner housing, a rotor is arranged. The rotor rotates through a bearing with respect to a center shaft that is a stationary shaft fixed to outer housings. Oil introduced into a rotor oil inlet path in the center shaft flows through a communication path and a clearance on an outer circumference of the center shaft into an oil path in the rotor. The oil flowing through the oil path cools a permanent magnet, lubricates the bearing, and is discharged from a rotor oil discharge port to the outside of the inner housing. The oil in the clearance is sealed with a thread seal, i.e., an inner thread formed in an inner face of an end ring and is prevented from flowing toward the bearing.

Abstract: There is provided a spindle motor including: a sleeve rotatably supporting a shaft; a rotor coupled to an upper end of the shaft and rotating in conjunction with the shaft; a stopper portion coupled to a main wall portion protruded from one surface of the rotor and facing an outer circumferential surface of the sleeve; a stator holder having a fixed portion coupled to an outer circumferential surface of the sleeve, an installation portion to which a core having a coil wound therearound is fixed, and a connection portion connecting an upper end of the fixed portion and an upper end of the installation portion; and a base member fixedly coupled to the stator holder.

Abstract: An interior permanent magnet machine includes a rotor formed with a plurality of slots that are substantially arc-shaped and referred to herein as arc segments. A first layer of arc segments are disposed in a first pole. The first layer defines a first configuration relative to a first arc center. A second layer of arc segments are disposed in a second pole. The second layer defines a second configuration relative to a second arc center. The rotor is configured such that the first configuration is different from the second configuration, thereby exhibiting pole-to-pole asymmetry. The first configuration is sufficiently different from the second configuration such that torque ripple may be minimized. In one embodiment, the first layer includes first, second and third arc segments. The rotor may be configured such that the second arc segment is radially offset relative to the first and third arc segments.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a brushless permanent magnet machine which includes an essentially circular shaped rotor, and a pair of magnets arranged in the rotor. The magnets are each U-shaped and have a thickness direction extending along a contour of the corresponding magnet between the opposite poles of the corresponding magnet, respectively. The magnets are each composed of a non-rare earth material having a lower coercivity than a rare earth material. A direction of magnetization of each of the pair of magnets is parallel to the thickness direction of the corresponding magnet. The present disclosure also provides a method of manufacturing such a brushless permanent magnet machine.

Abstract: A wound rotor brushless doubly-fed motor includes a stator and a rotor. The stator includes two sets of three-phase windings and the number of pole pairs is p1 and p2 respectively. The rotor includes a multi-phase wound winding and phase number m is satisfied with the relation m=(p1+p2)/mk, in which, when p1+p2 is odd, mk=1; when p1+p2 is even, mk=2. Rotor slots are evenly distributed along the circumference of the air gap and the number of the rotor slots Z? is satisfied with the relation Z?=n(p1+p2), in which n is a positive integer. Rotor winding coils are multi-turn structure, coil number of each phase winding is nmk and each coil has the same span, but turn ratios among the coils are different. When the phase winding coils number ?nmk, all coils within the phase winding are automatically connected in short after being connected in series.

Abstract: An external cylindrical ring for use in this rotating electric machine includes a body portion and a flange, the body portion including a fastening region making internal contact with an outer circumferential surface of a stator core to be fastened to the outer circumferential surface of the stator core, and a skirt region located at a bottom surface side of a casing and having an inner diameter larger than an inner diameter of the fastening region. When the external cylindrical ring is fastened to the stator core, the deformation of the skirt region of the external cylindrical ring can be suppressed, thus enabling the dimensional accuracy of an outer surface of a cylindrical skirt region of the external cylindrical ring to fall within tolerance.

Abstract: A motor has an output shaft which is rotatably supported by a housing, a rotor which is fixed to the output shaft and which comprises a printed-wiring board, and a stator which is fixed to the housing and which comprises a magnet facing the rotor. The printed-wiring board comprises a coil/commutator disk and a coil disk. A commutator conductor pattern is formed in a commutator region of the coil/commutator disk. Likewise, coil conductor patterns are formed in respective coil regions of the coil/commutator disk and of the coil disk.