Abstract: A method and related systems for amplifier performance stabilization of a digitally predistorted RF power amplifier are disclosed. The characteristics of power amplifiers change as a function of temperature making adaptive digital predistortion highly problematic during initial application of an RF signal to a power amplifier. Embodiments disclose a method and systems in which the power amplifier is taken through a preparatory phase before the RF signal is applied to the power amplifier and the digital predistortion calculation starts. This is achieved by increasing the quiescent current of the power stages beyond nominal values for a rapid warm up and readjusting to its normal bias point when the radio frequency signal is applied and the digital predistortion is turned on.

Abstract: A circuit for amplifying the power of signal, the circuit comprising a power amplifier, a transformer and a load; wherein the transformer comprises a primary inductor and a secondary inductor, the first inductor being coupled to, and capable of being driven by, the power amplifier, and the secondary inductor coupled to, and capable of driving, the load; wherein a first one of the primary and secondary inductors is a variable inductor whose inductance is variable responsive to a control input in order to change the output power of the amplifier.

Abstract: A new inverter-based fully-differential amplifier is provided including one or more common-mode feedback transistors coupled to each inverter, which transistors operate in the liner region. Accordingly, due to the fully-differential nature of the new inverter-based fully-differential amplifier, the amplifier provides an improved Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR), provides a reduced sensitivity to supply voltage and process or part variations, and does not require an auto-zeroing technique to be utilized, which ultimately saves power, all while utilizing the low-voltage and low-power advantages of an inverter-based design.

Abstract: A system includes a first variable gain amplifier configured to receive an input signal and a first down-mixer coupled to the first variable gain amplifier. Also, the system includes a first current conveyor coupled to the first down mixer, where the first current conveyor includes a first cascode and a second cascode coupled to the first cascode. Additionally, the system includes a first channel filter coupled to the first current conveyor and a second variable gain amplifier coupled to the first channel filter.

Abstract: A preamplifier includes a differential pair of transistors receiving a bias current having a differential input and a differential output, a first resistor coupled to a first differential output node, a first transistor having a current path coupled between the first resistor and a power supply, a second resistor coupled to the first differential output node, a second transistor having a current path coupled between the second resistor and the power supply, a third resistor coupled to a second differential output node, a third transistor having a current path coupled between the third resistor and the power supply, a fourth resistor coupled to the second differential output node, and a fourth transistor having a current path coupled between the fourth resistor and the power supply, wherein a source of the second and third transistors are coupled together.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a trans-capacitance amplifier is exhibiting an input current of the biasing in the range of picoAmperes while allowing large output swings. The trans-capacitance amplifier comprises an operational amplifier, a feedback capacitor, circuitry to DC bias and to AC ground the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier, and circuitry to DC bias the inverting input of the operational amplifier. According to some embodiments, the circuitry to bias the inverting input comprises a cascade of degenerated differential pairs. The first transistor of the first pair and the second transistor of the last pair have an active load. The cascade of differential pairs and the active load create a trans-conductance amplifier with a very low equivalent trans-conductance. According to some embodiments, the same invention applies to a differential trans-capacitance amplifier.

Abstract: Electronic circuits and methods are provided for various applications including signal amplification. An exemplary electronic circuit comprises a MOSFET and a dual-gate JFET in a cascode configuration. The dual-gate JFET includes top and bottom gates disposed above and below the channel. The top gate of the JFET is controlled by a signal that is dependent upon the signal controlling the gate of the MOSFET. The control of the bottom gate of the JFET can be dependent or independent of the control of the top gate. The MOSFET and JFET can be implemented as separate components on the same substrate with different dimensions such as gate widths.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are generally directed to integration of signal sampling within a transistor amplifier stage. An embodiment of an apparatus includes a amplifier stage including a transistor to receive a source signal and produce an output signal, wherein the transistor includes multiple fingers for at least a first electrode of the transistor. The amplifier stage uses connections to some of the fingers of the first electrode for production of the output signal, and uses one or more other fingers for the first electrode of the transistor for a separate function from the production of the output signal.

Abstract: A current source circuit includes a first transistor Q1, a second transistor Q2, a first resistor R1, and a second resistor R2. The first transistor Q1 has a first terminal (collector) coupled with the supply voltage (VCC), a second terminal (base) coupled with the first resistor R1, and a third terminal (emitter) coupled with the second resistor R2. The second transistor Q2 has a first terminal coupled with the second terminal of the first transistor Q1, a second terminal coupled with the third terminal of the first transistor Q1, and a third terminal coupled with the filtering circuit 39. The first resistor R1 is coupled between the supply voltage and a second terminal of the first transistor Q1. The second resistor R2 is coupled between a third terminal of the first transistor Q1 and the filtering circuit 39.

Abstract: A method, device and system is disclosed for high efficiency power amplification of a signal over a broad range of output power. Two broad-banded, parallel-tuned class E power amplifiers are combined through a lossless half wave transmission line combiner and configured to operate in an outphased arrangement to permit amplitude modulation. Asymmetrical shunt tuned switches are tuned for efficient amplitude modulation while asymmetrical drain inductors provide enhanced efficiency at outphased conditions over that of a symmetrical circuit. The drain source inductors and transmission components are tuned for maximum efficiency at full power output and for minimum dissipation a zero power output. At zero degrees outphasing, the circuit operates as a conventional Class-E power amplifier. However, at 180 degrees outphasing, each quarterwave line in the combiner reflects back all incident power, permitting the circuit to operate as an unloaded resonant switching circuit.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a low noise figure amplifier with a variable gain which comprises a cascode amplification stage comprising, serially mounted, a low-voltage MOSFET transistor installed as a common source followed by a bipolar transistor with high breakdown voltage installed as a common base. A resistor is placed between the bipolar transistor's collector and the grid of the cascode stage's MOSFET transistor, and the cascode stage is electrically powered through a choke.

Abstract: Techniques for providing adjustable gain in an amplifier. In an aspect, a composite amplifier having adjustable gain includes a plurality of amplifiers coupled in parallel, wherein each of the amplifiers may be turned on or off to adjust the overall gain of the composite amplifier. Each amplifier may include an input transistor and at least two cascode transistors. To turn each amplifier off, the gate voltage of a second or lowermost cascode transistor coupled to the input transistor may be grounded, and the gate voltage of a first cascode transistor coupled to the output voltage may be coupled to a first turn-off voltage to reduce the drain-to-gate voltage drop across the first cascode transistor. Further aspects provide for decoupling a capacitor coupled to the gates of the cascode transistors from AC ground when the amplifier is turned off.

Abstract: A transceiver includes a phase lock loop (PLL) and a clock data recovery circuit (CDR). The phase lock loop generates a first level control signal. The clock data recovery circuit, coupled to the phase lock loop, locks an incoming data signal to generate a data recovery clock according to a second level control signal. Wherein the clock data recovery circuit receives the first level control signal to further control a frequency range of the data recovery clock.

Abstract: A phase frequency detector realizes a highly linear conversion from noise-shaped ?? modulation into charge quantities without degradation of phase-locked loop (PLL) phase noise. The phase frequency detector may feature a construction of an Up signal output and a Down signal output, in which the Up signal rises when a divided VCO input rises, an Up signal falls when the divided VCO input falls, a Down signal rises when the divided VCO input rises, and a Down signal falls when a reference input rises. A mode selection input may be utilized for a fast lock-up PLL.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reducing process sensitivity in integrated circuit (“IC”) fabrication. An integrated circuit structure is provided that includes a first integrated circuit device having at least one parameter influenced by process variation in a first manner. The integrated circuit structure further includes a second integrated device having the least one parameter influenced by the process variation in a second manner. The first manner is opposite of the second manner. The second integrated device is configured to offset or reduce the influence of the process variation on the at least one parameter in the first integrated circuit device.

Abstract: A resonating element includes a resonator element that includes a vibrating portion and an excitation electrode provided on both main surfaces of the vibrating portion, an intermediate substrate in which the resonator element is mounted so as to be spaced from the excitation electrode, and a spiral electrode pattern that is provided on at least one main surface of the intermediate substrate, in which the electrode pattern is electrically connected to the excitation electrode.

Abstract: A low current single chip oscillator timing circuit which includes a dual mode capacitor circuit having a larger capacitance mode and a smaller capacitance mode having a fixed ratio. The timing circuit also includes an oscillator circuit that uses the dual mode capacitor circuit as a part of its time base wherein the large capacitance mode is operated with low power consumption and as needed includes a circuit that generates a reference pulse, wherein the short pulse and the reference pulse are compared and the result is used for correction to the oscillator frequency to create a feedback loop.

Abstract: A control circuit for reducing electromagnetic interference is provided. The control circuit includes a periodic signal generator and a modulation controller. The periodic signal generator adjusts a modulation periodic signal generated by the periodic signal generator, according to a feedback modulation signal. The modulation controller is coupled to the periodic signal generator, for receiving the modulation periodic signal, and adjusting a frequency of the received modulation periodic signal according to a plurality of delay periods set according to a plurality of control signals, and generating the feedback modulation signal.

Abstract: A resonator element includes a base section, at least one pair of vibrating arms protruding from the base section, a support arm protruding from the base section, and a first through hole provided to the support arm, and penetrating the support arm in a thickness direction, and is fixed to an object via an adhesive entering the first through hole.

Abstract: A narrow band receiver or transceiver for processing electrical signals. The narrow band receiver or transceiver includes an amplifier, a voltage controlled oscillator and a tuning assembly comprising at least one control loop for tuning of the voltage controlled oscillator. At least a gain control of the amplifier is coupled to the control loop for simultaneously tuning the output amplitude of the voltage controlled oscillator and the gain of the amplifier. A compensation of the effect of variation on the gain of the amplifier, which includes an LC tank circuit, is performed by using an information in another LC tank circuit of the voltage controlled oscillator in the control loop.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for translating duty cycle information in duty-cycle-modulated signals to higher frequencies or higher data rates. An exemplary duty cycle translator includes a duty cycle evaluator, a high-speed digital counter, and a comparator. The duty cycle evaluator generates a first digital number representing a duty cycle of a low-frequency input duty-cycle-modulated (DCM) signal. The comparator compares the first digital number to a second digital number generated by the high-speed digital counter, and generates, based on the comparison, an output DCM signal having a higher frequency or data rate than the frequency or data rate of the low-frequency input DCM signal but a duty cycle that is substantially the same as the duty cycle of the low-frequency input DCM signal.

Abstract: A circuit for a wireline system is disclosed. In an embodiment, the circuit includes a twisted pair channel. The twisted pair channel delivers a differential signal that includes a converter mode component. The circuit includes at least one transformer coupled to the twisted pair channel and a transceiver coupled to the at least one transformer. The circuit further includes a common mode detection coupled to the transceiver for detecting a common mode component. In an embodiment, the circuit detects the common mode component. Accordingly, with common mode component detection capability, the common mode component of the differential can be analyzed for characterization purposes as well as for potential improvement in the system performance signal.

Abstract: A coupler is presented that has high-directivity and low coupling coefficient variation. The coupler includes a first trace associated with a first port and a second port. The first port is configured substantially as an input port and the second port is configured substantially as an output port. The coupler further includes a second trace associated with a third port and a fourth port. The third port is configured substantially as a coupled port and the fourth port is configured substantially as an isolated port. In addition, the coupler includes a first capacitor configured to introduce a discontinuity to induce a mismatch in the coupler.

Abstract: A coupler is presented that has high-directivity and low coupling coefficient variation. The coupler includes a first trace with a first edge substantially parallel to a second edge and substantially equal in length to the second edge. The first trace includes a third edge substantially parallel to a fourth edge. The fourth edge is divided into three segments. The outer segments are a first distance from the third edge. The middle segment is a second distance from the third edge. Further, the coupler includes a second trace, which includes a first edge substantially parallel to a second edge and substantially equal in length to the second edge. The second trace includes a third edge substantially parallel to a fourth edge. The fourth edge is divided into three segments. The outer segments are a first distance from the third edge. The middle segment is a second distance from the third edge.

Abstract: A directional coupler with increased directivity is disclosed. There is an input port, an output port, a coupled port, and a ballasting port. A first transmission element has a first connection to the input port and a second connection to the output port, and a second transmission element has a first connection to the coupled port and a second connection to the ballasting port. A first compensation capacitor is connected to the input port and the coupled port, and a second compensation capacitor is connected to the input port and the ballasting port.

Abstract: Multiple-way ring cavity power combiners and power dividers are disclosed. In one aspect, the disclosed ring cavity power combiners and power dividers can support a large number of devices by providing a large number of power-combining or power-dividing ports. In another aspect, the disclosed embodiments describe implementations employing a ring cavity that result in demonstrated performance characteristics suitable for UWB applications. Advantages provided include suppressing higher order modes and low losses among other advantages.

Abstract: An impedance matching apparatus is provided. The impedance matching apparatus includes a signal separation unit, an impedance detection unit, and an impedance matching unit. The signal separation unit separates a transmission and reception signal, and selectively passes a desired frequency corresponding to the transmission and reception signal. The impedance detection unit includes a plurality of impedances, and detects first and second electric potentials between the impedances. The impedance matching unit compares the first and second electric potentials detected by the impedance detection unit, and changes a matching factor for one of the impedances included in the impedance detection unit to match the impedances according to the compared result.

Abstract: A low pass filter includes an RF input terminal, an RF output terminal, a plurality of inductors coupled in series between the RF input and output terminals, at least one electrically tunable capacitor coupled between ground and a node of one of the inductors. At least one of the inductors includes a winding, and a resistance and a capacitance coupled in series across a portion of the winding to enhance the out of band rejection of the low pass filter.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave resonator includes: an IDT which is disposed on a quartz substrate with Euler angles of (?1°???1°, 117°???142°, 42.79°?|?|?49.57°), which is made of Al or alloy including Al as a main component and which excites a surface acoustic wave in an upper mode of a stop band; and an inter-electrode-finger groove which is formed by recessing the quartz substrate between electrode fingers which form the IDT. Here, the following expression is satisfied: 0.01??G??(1), where ? represents a wavelength of the surface acoustic wave and G represents a depth of the inter-electrode-finger groove. The depth G of the inter-electrode-finger groove and a line occupancy ? of the IDT satisfy the following expression: - 2.5 × G ? + 0.675 ? ? ? - 2.5 × G ? + 0.775 ( 5 ) and a number of pairs N of the electrode fingers in the IDT is in the range of the following expression: 160?N?220??(19).

Abstract: A waveguide filter comprises a dielectric board on at least one of the two E-planes of a rectangular waveguide. The dielectric board comprises a conductive pattern formed on one surface thereof and having a slit extending in a signal propagation direction, and a ground pattern formed on the other surface.

Abstract: There is provided a complex tuner module including a plurality of tuner chips through which users may simultaneously view and record a plurality of channels. The complex tuner module includes: a module substrate having a plurality of tuner chips mounted thereon; and a chassis part connected to the module substrate and having a plurality of blocking sidewalls disposed in spaces between the tuner chips to thereby block interference between the tuner chips.

Abstract: An electromechanical switch device includes a first switch portion, a second switch portion and an actuator device. The actuator device is configured to provide an actuation force, thereby actuating the first and second switch portion relative to each other to change from a disconnected to a connected state. The actuator device is further configured to provide the actuation force with a modulation at least when the first and second switch portion are in the connected state. A method of operating an electromechanical switch device is also provided.

Abstract: An electromagnetic switch for a starter. The electromagnetic switch includes a cylindrical slidable member that is separate from a plunger, loosely encompasses an outer circumferential periphery of a plunger rod, and is axially movable integrally with the plunger. Whether the solenoid is in its active or inactive state, the slidable member is at least partially axially inserted into an inner circumferential periphery of a cylindrical bore and an outer circumferential periphery of the slidable member is entirely circumferentially in sliding contact with the inner circumferential periphery of the cylindrical bore.

Abstract: A magnetic attachment mechanism and method is described. The magnetic attachment mechanism can be used to releasably attach at least two objects together in a preferred configuration without fasteners and without external intervention. The magnetic attachment mechanism can be used to releasably attach an accessory device to an electronic device. The accessory device can be used to augment the functionality of usefulness of the electronic device.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay has a fixed touch piece having a fixed contact; a movable touch piece, having a movable contact contactably and separably opposed to the fixed contact, and configured to elastically deform, an electromagnet, an intermediate member that rotates based on magnetization and demagnetization of the electromagnet and elastically deforms the movable touch piece, and an energization unit that energizes the movable touch piece to the fixed contact piece side via the intermediate member.

Abstract: A pole tube including a non-magnetic spacer ring configured to join a pole piece along a control cone and also configured to join a tube piece along a back annular surface. The annular surface includes a first face section and a second face section. The first face section and the second face section are disposed at an angle with respect to each other.

Abstract: One axial end of a through-hole of a bearing portion of a first stationary core located on a movable core side has a peripheral edge placed at a corresponding axial position. The corresponding axial position of the peripheral edge may be the same as an axial position of an axial end surface of a radially outer part of the first stationary core or is on an axial side of the axial end surface, which is axially opposite from the movable core. A bottom portion of a yoke may have a hole, which receives at least a part of a second stationary core. A stopper made of a resin material may be placed on a side of the bottom portion of the yoke, which is opposite from the second stationary core in the axial direction. A shaft may be abuttable against the stopper.

Abstract: A magnetic component such as a transformer or inductor comprises one or more litz-wire windings and one or more metallic cooling tube windings. Each litz-wire winding is wound together with a corresponding single metallic cooling tube winding on a common bobbin to provide an indirectly-cooled magnetic component.

Abstract: The object of the invention is an inductive component equipped with a liquid cooling and a method for manufacturing an inductive component. The inductive component comprises at least a core (2) assembled from separate structural elements (8, 8a, 8b), a winding (5), and connection means (7) as well as ducts (9) integrated into the core (2) for the purpose of liquid cooling. Each structural element (8, 8a, 8b) comprises an aperture (9a, 13, 18) made in the manufacturing phase of the structural element (8, 8a, 8b), which aperture extends through the structural element and is a short part of the duct (9) intended for the purpose of liquid cooling.

Abstract: An electrical device includes a winding, a primary cooling system, a secondary cooling system, and an actuator. The winding includes an interior portion and an exterior surface. The primary cooling system cools the exterior surface of the winding. The secondary cooling system cools the interior portion of the winding. The actuator is configured to actuate the secondary cooling system in response to a sensed condition of the electrical device or a predicted condition of the electrical device.

Abstract: A cooling structure for a magnet-equipped reactor includes: a magnet-equipped reactor (60) having a core (61) around which a coil (70) is wound, and a magnet (75) arranged to contact the core (61); and a cooling member (51) arranged to contact the magnet (75) of the magnet-equipped reactor (60) to cool the magnet (75).

Abstract: Provided is an electromagnetic pipe expanding inductor in which the formation of voids during resin impregnation is suppressed, and electromagnetic reaction forces acting on the conductor periphery and on the interface between the shaft portion and the center-side fiber layer is diminished, and thereby durability is improved and the life of the inductor is prolonged. A glass cloth tape (3) capable of being impregnated with resin is wound around the peripheral surface of a shaft portion of a bobbin (2) to a predetermined thickness, further, a conductor strand (4) coated with a glass cloth tape (6) is wound spirally in the axial direction of the bobbin (2) to form a coil. Further, a glass cloth (7) is wound around the outside of the glass cloth tape (6) to a predetermined thickness and thereafter the glass cloth tapes (3, 6) and the glass cloth (7) are impregnated with resin to unite them.

Abstract: An electromagnetic shield includes a plurality of magnetic thin plates stacked on each other, a pair of metal plates sandwiching the plurality of magnetic thin plates, and a plurality of seat plates each connected to the pair of metal plates. The plurality of seat plates are disposed at positions where the total sum of a leakage flux interlinked with a region between mutually adjacent first and second seat plates among the plurality of seat plates is equal to zero. Preferably, a distance between the first and second seat plates is equal to a value which is an integral multiple of a half period of the distribution of the leakage flux.

Abstract: A reactor 1? includes one coil 2, a magnetic core 3 to which the coil 2 is arranged, and a case 4 containing an assembly 10 of the coil 2 and the magnetic core 3. The magnetic core 3 includes an inner core portion 31 inserted into the coil 2, and a coupling core portion 32 disposed around the coil 2. The coupling core portion 32 is made of a mixture of magnetic powder and resin. The coil 2 is covered with the coupling core portion 32 and is enclosed within the case 4 in a sealed state. The reactor 1? includes, in an outermost surface region exposed at an opening of the case 4, a magnetic shield layer 5 made of non-magnetic powder, having smaller specific gravity than the magnetic powder and having electrical conductivity, and the resin. A small reactor capable of reducing magnetic flux leaked to the outside is thereby provided.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus includes a magnetic component having a coil section, a conductive case body housing the magnetic component and having an opening plane facing an axial direction of the coil section, a case lid closing the opening plane, and conductive parts electrically connecting the case body and the case lid to each other at the opening plane. The conductive parts are provided so as to satisfy a positional relationship that at least one of the conductive parts is disposed at an intersection point at which a straight line making an angle within a range of 45±15 degrees with a perpendicular line drawn from a center of the coil section to a closest one of the side plate portions of the case body to the center intersects with the closest one of side plate portions when viewed from the axial direction.

Abstract: An inductive element including a magnetic core with a section received in a central opening defined in each of the layers in a multilayer circuit board. A primary winding, an auxiliary winding, and a secondary winding are each realized in conductive coils located on a plurality of layers in the circuit board. The secondary winding is separated from the other windings by a relatively-thick dielectric layer. Other dielectric layers separate each of the layers with the coils. EMI shields are provided on other layers. The coils are located in a central region of each layer so as to provide an adequate safety margin from the side edges of the inductive element.

Abstract: A transformer assembly includes a substrate having a first surface and an opposing second surface, a first spiral wound inductive coil formed on the first surface, a second spiral wound inductive coil formed on the first surface, and a third spiral wound inductive coil formed on the first surface, the first, second and third spiral wound inductive coils forming a triple spiral arrangement on the first surface such that the first coil is inductively coupled to the second coil and the third coil. An RF coil including the transformer assembly and a method of fabricating the transformer assembly are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a common mode filter and a method of manufacturing the same. The common mode filter includes: a primary coil that includes a primary coil body forming a plane in a vortex structure; and a secondary coil that includes a secondary coil body forming a co-plane in the same vortex structure as the primary coil body and forms a 180° rotational symmetry with the primary coil body, having the same length, width, and turn number as the primary coil body. Further, the method of manufacturing a common mode filter is proposed.

Abstract: A remote control device and method is provided. The remote control device and method provides a more intuitive and convenient user interface to a user. The remote control device and method also makes it possible to transmit/execute contents, provided by an external device, to/in a target device more intuitively and conveniently.

Abstract: The mechatronic locking apparatus comprises a control circuit (4), from which information signals can be transmitted to a control circuit (6) of the lock cylinder (2) using a first communication path (5). A security key (3) has at least one second communication path (7) for storing and/or processing access data. The two communication paths (5, 7) are connected to said control circuit (4) of the security key (3). The first communication path (5) preferably uses an electrical contact in the lock cylinder (2). The second communication path (7) comprises a transponder (8). The first communication path (5) may also be used for power supply purposes.